Psychology201 chap 3 brain
Which situation is MOST likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television.
_____ areas are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in various parts of the cortex. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Association
David is pondering the meaning of life. In doing so, David is using his:
Cerebral cortex
Maria recently had a stroke and afterward developed impairment in making decisions and judging between good and bad actions. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. parietal frontal occipital temporal
Frontal
Which statement is FALSE? Heritability is an abstract concept. Heritability is a population concept. Heritability is dependent on the environment. Heritability tells us which treatments will and won't work for particular people.
Heritability tells us which treatments will and won't work for particular people.
Lately, Kenneth has not been eating or drinking very much because he never feels hungry or thirsty. It is possible that Kenneth is having a problem with his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Hypothalamus
relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. It is located deep within the brain. It is visible to the naked eye. It is divided into two hemispheres. It is the outermost layer of the brain.
It is located deep within the brain.
Which statement describes a function of the pituitary gland? It provides the communication pathway between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It secretes melatonin, which controls the sleep-wake cycles. It secretes hormones that dictate the release of hormones by other glands. It secretes substances to defend the brain from infection and inflammation.
It secretes hormones that dictate the release of hormones by other glands.
Kelsey is interested in how different parts of her brain are responsible for different behaviors. One of the most basic things she should know is that tasks such as her ability to eat and breathe are performed at "_____" levels of her brain, and her ability to do mathematics and ponder the meaning of life are performed at "_____" levels.
Lower higher
Karen is watching a horror movie, and when a really gory scene occurs, she cannot help but turn away. It is likely that the small area of her brain called the _____ has caused her to do this. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Midbrain
The _____ is the area of the brain that deals with orienting a person toward or away from pleasurable or threatening stimuli.
Midbrain
_____ parts of the body have a larger portion of the somatosensory cortex devoted to them. Less sensitive Larger Smaller More sensitive
More sensitive
Last night, Rylee was reading about the organization of the endocrine system. She realized that the _____ is really like the chief executive officer of a large company because it dictates the release of hormones by the other glands.
Pituitary gland
The _____ serves as a bridge from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Pons
Which area of the brain is most closely associated with sleep and dreaming, as well as coordinating well-practiced body movements?
Pons
If a researcher electrically stimulates the _____ in an animal, the animal will immediately wake up and be alert. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Reticular formation
Shawntae arrived home at night and, upon entering the house, her boyfriend jumped out from behind the door to scare her. She immediately reacted by screaming and running out the front door. Shawntae reacted this way because of her _____ nervous system.
Sympathetic
When Mary wakes up in the morning, she naturally turns toward the sun shining through the window. This behavior is likely guided by an area of her midbrain called the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Tectum
While in class, Juanita heard a loud crashing sound in the back of the lecture hall and turned to see that a pile of books was dropped on the floor. This behavior is likely guided by an area of her midbrain called the:
Tectum
Why is it informative to study people with damage to certain regions of the brain?
These patients often demonstrate problems performing specific behaviors, and we can correlate this behavior with the specific region that has been damaged.
Which statement is TRUE about the major components of the brain? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The hindbrain and midbrain only interact with the forebrain, not with each other. The hindbrain and midbrain interact but are independent of the forebrain. They are all independent and do not interact at all. They are all interdependent and interact with one another.
They are all interdependent and interact with one another.
Heidi is explaining the endocrine system to her brother. She states that the _____ are involved in responses to stress. potassium gates adrenal glands brain's reward circuits ovaries and testes
adrenal glands
The amygdala plays a key role in:
aggression
Someone with damage to the temporal lobe would be MOST likely to display: a lack of sensation in the face. an inability to see more than three feet ahead. an inability to form a sentence. difficulty judging what is right and wrong.
an inability to form a sentence.
The _____ areas of the brain allow information to be connected to meaning, with neurons in the region being more adaptable to change.
association
Jamal is running on the treadmill while his intestinal system digests his breakfast. Jamal does not have to focus on his digestion because his _____ nervous system allows him to do it automatically. sympathetic somatic central autonomic
autonomic
Which components make up the major parts of the peripheral nervous system?
autonomic and somatic nervous systems
Allan has a movement disorder is which he cannot control his fine motor movements. Allan's movement disorder may be due to damage to a set of subcortical structures called the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hippocampus. hypothalamus. amygdala. basal ganglia.
basal ganglia.
After damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost is:
based on the localization of the damage.
The central nervous system is comprised of:
brain and spinal cord
A basketball star's ability to dribble the ball down the court, jump up toward the basket, and dunk the basketball can be credited to an area of the hindbrain called the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
cerebellum
A person who has serious problems with balance such as when one is running, may have suffered damage to his or her: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cerebellum. medulla. pons. reticular formation.
cerebellum
Denton can pitch a baseball in what looks like one effortless and smooth movement. The part of the hindbrain MOST associated with this highly coordinated motion is the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. medulla. spinal cord. cerebellum pons.
cerebellum
Which area of the brain is associated with classical conditioning and motor movements?
cerebellum
The cerebellum is a large structure in the hindbrain that: regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal. controls heart rate, circulation, and respiration. orients the body toward or away from pleasurable or threatening stimuli. controls fine motor skills.
controls fine motor skills.
The medulla is an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that: controls heart rate, circulation, and respiration. orients the body toward or away from pleasurable or threatening stimuli. controls fine motor skills. regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal.
controls heart rate, circulation, and respiration.
If this area were severed, the two sides of the brain would not be able to communicate with each other.
corpus callosum
Information is transmitted within the neuron as a(n) _____ signal, and information transmission between neurons is a(n) _____ signal.
electrical and chemical
A person who incurs damage to the amygdala is likely to be impaired at: feeling frightened in a dark alley. knowing they are hungry. remembering the name of a new colleague. riding a bicycle.
feeling frightened in a dark alley.
Henry is extremely skilled at mathematics and can perform very complex calculations in his head. His _____ is the area of the brain that allows Henry to do this.
forebrain
Masie is learning about the endocrine system. She is trying to understand how hormones work, and she reads that they are secreted into the bloodstream by _____ that are stationed around the body. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cell membranes branchlike fibers glands chemical messengers
glands
If Melissa is walking down the street by herself at night and thinks she hears footsteps behind her, she is MOST likely to experience:
increased heart rate.
If Tonya is walking down the street by herself at night and thinks she hears footsteps behind her, she is NOT likely to experience: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
increased hunger.
Anesthetics work because they reduce activity in the reticular formation, an area that:
helps to maintain a balance between consciousness and unconsciousness.
The brain can be organized into areas that perform simple functions to areas that perform more complex functions. Which order begins with the area that is most simple in its functions and ends with the area that is most complex in its functions? midbrain, forebrain, hindbrain hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
The brain can be organized into areas that perform simple functions to areas that perform more complex functions. Which order begins with the area that is most simple in its functions and ends with the area that is most complex in its functions? midbrain, forebrain, hindbrain Correct: hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain Incorrect: hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain hindbrain, forebrain, midbrain Incorrect: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
Gerard has brain damage that has affected his long term memory and ability to navigate in his environment. Gerard MOST likely has damage to his:
hippocampus
Patients with amnesia who cannot form new memories usually have damage to the: midbrain. hippocampus. motor cortex. amygdala.
hippocampus
Sexual behavior is MOST closely associated with the: limbic system. hypothalamus. thalamus. amygdala.
hypothalamus
The hindbrain, midbrain, and the forebrain are all _____ and interact with one another. independent closed circuits Correct: interdependent interdependent the same
interdependent
The cerebellum is MOST closely associated with:
learning
Adjacent areas of the body are represented in adjacent regions of the:
motor cortex
A police officer was fatally wounded. He was shot in the head and immediately stopped breathing. It is likely the bullet pierced his: cerebellum. medulla. reticular formation. Ithalamus.
medulla
Damage to the _____ can be deadly because this structure controls heart rate, respiration, and circulation. thalamus Incorrect: forebrain forebrain Correct: medulla medulla Incorrect: cerebellum cerebellum
medulla
Francisco is a long-distance runner, and it is important for his vital organs and functions such as breathing to be well-coordinated. The structure in the hindbrain called the _____ keeps these synchronized to help him function as a successful runner. reticular formation medulla pons cerebellum
medulla
Grace's _____ directs her vision towards the most important elements in the environment.
midbrain
Motor and sensory functions are integrated in the:
midbrain
Dynus watches Thalia reach for and place popcorn in her mouth. In response to her behavior, Dynus experiences an activation of his: mirror neurons. interneurons. motor neurons. Incorrect: sensory neurons. sensory neurons.
mirror neurons.
Jackie loves it when her boyfriend lightly caresses her hand as opposed to her arm because she feels much more sensation in her hand. She has more sensitivity in her hand because: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
more of her somatosensory cortex is devoted to her hand.
Different parts of the _____ are associated with different parts of the body.
motor and somatosensory cortices
Diseases such as multiple sclerosis usually involve a deterioration of what part of a neuron?
myelin sheath
What is the primary function of the midbrain? controlling complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions controlling the most basic functions of life orienting a person toward or away from threatening stimuli regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst
orienting a person toward or away from threatening stimuli
The area of the midbrain called the tectum: controls heart rate, circulation, and respiration. orients an organism in the environment. relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. controls fine motor skills.
orients an organism in the environment.
Arden's heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her _____ nervous system has become active.
parasympathetic
Rachel encounters a cougar in the foothills and escapes safely by running very quickly to her car. After reaching the safety of her car, her heart rate and breathing begin to slow down because of her _____ nervous system. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. somatic Correct: parasympathetic parasympathetic central sympathetic
parasympathetic
A person with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have problems with their:
reticular formation
Which behavior is MOST likely connected to activity in the cerebral cortex? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
pondering the meaning of life
The hindbrain is NOT likely to be involved in the act of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increased respiration while running. staying alert while driving at night. walking down the street. reciting a poem from memory.
reciting a poem from memory.
_____ refers to the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated.
refractory period
The area of the hindbrain called the pons: controls heart rate, circulation, and respiration. relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal. controls fine motor skills.
relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Which area of the brain is MOST closely associated with alertness?
reticular formation
In the last month, Tommy has had trouble sleeping and never gets excited about things anymore. He was recently in a car accident, and based on his behavior, it is possible that he may have suffered damage to his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reticular formation. medulla. pons. cerebellum.
reticular formation.
Prozac and other antidepressant drugs work on the _____ system.
serotonin
Which encounter would NOT activate the thalamus? smelling cookies baking seeing a bright light hearing a song touching a fuzzy sweater
smelling cookies baking
The homunculus shown in the book illustrates how much of the _____ cortex is devoted to each area of the body.
somatosensory
Chan is taking a walk around his neighborhood when he sees a man wearing a hockey goalie mask and carrying an ax coming toward him. As he decides whether he should run away, his _____ nervous system works to coordinate his body. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
sympathetic
Needles frighten Janice. As she awaits a flu shot, Janice's _____ nervous system is probably going into "overdrive sensory sympathetic parasympathetic somatic
sympathetic
Public speaking frightens Pavel. Unfortunately, he is scheduled to give a presentation when his class begins in 5 minutes. Pavel's _____ nervous system is probably kicking into high gear. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reflexive parasympathetic sympathetic somatic
sympathetic
Olu is hiking in the woods when he comes across a bear. What part of the nervous system is coordinating his body as he decides whether he should run away or stay and fight?
sympathetic nervous system
Jack is driving down an unfamiliar road at night and an animal darts out in front of his car. Jack quickly slams on the brakes and avoids hitting the animal. Jack's ability to respond quickly to this situation was MOST likely promoted by his: somatic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system. spinal reflexes. parasympathetic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
Damage to the _____ could leave a person unable to navigate his or her way through a room. medulla reticular formation amygdala tectum
tectum
Damage to the _____ could leave a person unable to navigate his or her way through a room. medulla reticular formation amygdala tectum
tectum
In some psychology experiments, participants are presented with conflicting visual and audio information. In these cases, an area of the brain called the _____ gives more or less weight to these signals, determining which information overrides the other. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hippocampus pituitary gland hypothalamus thalamus
thalamus
Marcie is at a concert and is listening to music and watching the band's light show. In this experience, the area of Marcie's brain that receives and relays this sensory information to the cortex is the:
thalamus
The limbic system forms a ring around the:
thalamus
The central nervous system is comprised of two elements: the midbrain and the sensory neurons. the brain and the spinal cord. the brain and the mind. the sympathetic and somatic nervous systems.
the brain and the spinal cord.
The thalamus:
the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
Which major area of the brain deals with information coming in from and going out through the spinal cord? the midbrain the forebrain the hippocampus the hindbrain
the hindbrain
Which two portions of the central nervous system are absolutely essential to survival? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the hindbrain and the midbrain the midbrain and the forebrain the forebrain and the hindbrain the midbrain and the spinal cord
the hindbrain and the midbrain
Which of the following is part of the limbic system? the medulla the pons the reticular formation the hypothalamus
the hypothalamus
Which area of the brain controls breathing?
the medulla
Vijay has problems orienting to sounds. For example, he cannot tell from which direction music is coming, either the television or the radio, when he is at home. What area of the central nervous system is likely malfunctioning to cause this behavior? the forebrain the midbrain the hindbrain the amygdala
the mid brain
What part of the brain triggers a head movement in response to a loud sound in the environment?
the midbrain
What part of the brain triggers a head movement in response to a loud sound in the environment? the medulla the reticular formation the thalamus the midbrain
the midbrain
In which behavior is the midbrain likely to be involved? mentally rotating an object in the mind increased respiration while running turning away from a gory scene in a movie Incorrect: feeling alert after waking from a nap feeling alert after waking from a nap
turning away from a gory scene in a movie
Jamie fell backwards and bumped her head. She briefly 'saw stars'. This is because her fall stimulated her:
visual cortex.
A person could survive with only the hindbrain and the midbrain because these portions of the brain are involved in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. vital functions and orientation. vital functions and thinking. analyzing and emotion. orientation and emotion.
vital functions and orientation.