Psychopharmacology Final Study Guide
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The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable.
True
An important lesson from all primary prevention programs is that to be successful a program must be continual. One-year attempts at inoculating students against alcohol/drug use have not been effective enough.
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Formulation, the imaginary sensation that hundreds of tiny bugs (e.g., coke bugs, meth bugs, and snow bugs) are crawling under one's skin, is caused by the visual hallucinogenic.
True
One of the most long-lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationships.
True
One reason why abusing pressurized inhalants is dangerous because inhaling them directly form their containers can freeze lung tissue.
True
Problems handling money in a responsible manner is one of the hallmarks of almost any addict.
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The comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990's.
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The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously.
False
The pharmacologic effects of inhalants are long lasting.
False
The phrase "supply reduction" refers to the prevention programs that prevent people from wanting to use illicit drugs.
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The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function.
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Women have a higher percentage of body water than do most men of comparable size, so there is more water to dilute the alcohol they drink.
True
Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaption to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.
True
The potency of drugs today is due to technological advances in refining, synthesizing, and manufacturing methods.
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The reasons why people engage in compulsive behaviors are different from the reasons why they use psychoactive drugs.
False
The ruling classes, governments, industry, and criminal organizations have controlled the trade of psychoactive drugs.
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Opiates limit the release of and block receptors for substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell.
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An individual who is under the influence of heroin will have dilated pupils.
True
Blackouts are caused by an alcohol-induced electrochemical disruption of the brain.
False
Unlike opiates, steroids do not have distinct withdrawal symptoms.
True
When smoking cessation is part of a drug treatment program, the chances of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction greatly increases.
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False-negative results, not false positives, constitute the majority of urine-testing errors.
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From our nation's early beginnings, the United States strictly regulated alcohol, opium, morphine, cannabis and other psychoactive medications.
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Heavy prolonged use of stimulants can induce a schizophrenic-like psychosis.
Chapter 1 True
Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavorial addictions, and mental illness, to induce an altered state of conciousness.
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In recent decades, policy decisions regarding alcohol have been made based on the political climate rather than on the effects of drugs on the individual and society.
False
Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive use.
False
Needing a dose of a drug just to feel "normal" is a sign of tolerance.
True
Of all the stimulants, the strongest physical and mental dependency develops from nicotine in tobacco.
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Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD.
True
Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.
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Regular survey data collection and analysis of alcohol and other drug use provide a benchmark to measure the effectiveness of prevention efforts and policies.
False
Research has shown that supply reduction (drug seizures, interruption of people involved with the drug trade) is a more effective strategy than demand reduction ( drug abuse treatment and prevention).
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Stimulant drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine force the release of dopamine. This surge of dopamine causes paranoia and hyper-reactivity.
True
Substituting a "less harmful" drug for a "more harmful" drug is a form of harm reduction.
True
Susceptibility to blackouts and brow outs is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.
True
When the body speeds up he metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as despotic all tolerance.
True
Synesthesia is defined as the crossing of senses, such as when visual input becomes sound.
True
The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and he brain.
False
The majority of the U.S. National drug control budget is allocated to demand reduction .
True
The use of an addictive substance (such as alcohol and other drugs) at an early age changes vulnerable brain functions and increase a person's likelihood of developing an addiction.
False
There is a universally accepted treatment, which has been proven effective for everyone who has an addiction.
True
There is increasing evidence that the use of some psychedelic drugs under medically monitored conditions may effectively treat some addictions.
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Tolerance to the mental effects of drugs always develops at the same rate as tolerance to the drugs physical effects. (Different rates)
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Tolerance to the mental effects of most psychedelics tends to develop rapidly.
True
Treating people with addictions costs substantially less than incarcerating them for the same length of time.
True
Treatment for addiction to opiates requires a physiological and psychological process.
True
A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.
False
Acetylcholine is the most crucial neurotransmitter involved in drug use and abuse. (Dopamine)
True
Acute withdrawal from heroin is not life-threatening as acute withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics.
True
Alcohol or other drugs are involved in 70% of teen suicides.
False
Carriers of a DRD2A1 allele gene have an excess of dopamine receptors.
True
Children who grow up in a home with a drug-using or alcohol-abusing family member take on distinctive roles that effect their personalities.
False
Coerced (legally mandated) treatment is not as effective as voluntary treatment.
True
Embalming fluid (formaldehyde), used to preserve dead bodies for funerals and burial, can also be used to create a PCP-like high.
True
Endogenous craving associated with initial abstinence is a type of drug hunger brought about by the depletion of brain neurotransmitter's during use.
True
Inhalant effects resemble those of alcohol and sedative intoxication.
True
Internet addiction and compulsive shopping affect many of the same areas of the brain as are influenced by psychoactive drugs.
True
Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.
True
Overdose deaths involving opioids most commonly include their combined use with other legal or illicit substances like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or antidepressants.
True
The effects of amphetamines last longer than the effects of cocaine because amphetamines can block enzymes from metabolizing neurotransmitter's, which creates a continued overstimulation.
True
The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends becoming harmful is called an impulse-control disorder.
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There is no such thing as a psychological dependence.
False
Tolerance is not a sign of physical or psychological dependence.
False
Tolerance of stimulant drugs is caused by the brain's creation of more dopamine and more dopamine receptors, which increases the drug's rewarding effects.
True
Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines.