Psycology Unit 1.1

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models? A. Behavioral B. Biological C. Cognitive D. Psychodynamic E. Sociocultural

A. Behavioral

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior? A. Behaviorist B. Cognitive C. Existentialist D. Psychodynamic E. Structuralist

A. Behaviorist

Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized? A. Humanistic B. Behavioral C. Gestalt D. Cognitive E. Psychodynamic

A. Humanistic

Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of A. Sigmund Freud B. B. F. Skinner C. Abraham Maslow D. Carl Rogers E. John B. Watson

A. Sigmund Freud

Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective? A. A study to see if people who had a more congruent view of their real self and their ideal self were happier B. A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children C. A study examining whether children wanted to marry their opposite-sex parent when they grew up D. A study looking at how biological, psychological, and social factors affect development E. A study looking at how quickly a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement leads to extinction resistant behaviors

B. A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

In the early years of psychology, a research participant might have been asked to observe carefully and systematically his conscious experiences. What method would the participant be using? A. Functionalism B. Introspection C. Biofeedback D. Dream analysis E. Behaviorism

B. Introspection

Charlie believes anorexia nervosa is the direct result of the emphasis put on thinness in movies, television, and advertisements. Which of the following approaches is most consistent with Charlie's viewpoint? A. Psychoanalytical B. Sociocultural C. Biological D. Humanistic E. Evolutionary

B. Sociocultural

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives? A. Behavioral B. Biological C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychoanalytic

E. Psychoanalytic

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches? A. Cognitive B. Biological C. Behavioral D. Sociocultural E. Psychodynamic

E. Psychodynamic

Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the A. perceived locus of control of adults who experience panic attacks B. formation of emotional attachments to significant others C. defense mechanisms used by depressed adults and children in stressful situations D. genetic basis for schizophrenic disorders E. effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances

E. defense mechanisms used by depressed adults and children in stressful situations

Dorothea Dix led a movement in support of A. using introspection as a therapeutic procedure B. eliminating the policy of deinstitutionalization C. adopting the belief that mental disorders occur when people fail to conform to society's expectations D. outlawing the practice of surgical lobotomy E. improving the treatment of patients with mental disorders who were housed in asylums

E. improving the treatment of patients with mental disorders who were housed in asylums

Dorothea Dix was known for A. becoming the first woman to be appointed president of the American Psychological Association(APA) B. becoming the first woman to be granted a Ph.D. in psychology C. documenting the poor condition of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform D. being the first person to ever be called a psychologist E. conducting the Little Albert study alongside John Watson

C. documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the A. cognitive development of adults B. recreational activities in a community center C. effectiveness of management training D. industrialization of the United States E. career development of high school students

C. effectiveness of management training

In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain A. statistical probabilities B. somatic behavioral disorders C. perceptual organization D. stimulus-detection thresholds E. altered states of consciousness

C. perceptual organization

Which of the following would an industrial-organizational psychologist be LEAST likely to study? A. Managerial skills B. Employee motivation C. Job satisfaction D. Corporate profitability E. Pay incentive programs

D. Corporate profitability

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves A. correlational analyses B. machines designed for cognitive analysis C. survey methodology D. self-examination of mental processes E. teaching participants to multitask

D. self-examination of mental processes

An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for A. achievement B. individualism C. behavioral change D. survival E. self-actualization

D. survival

Gestalt psychologists studied how A. people see a triangle with missing corners as a complete triangle because of the principle of closure B. giving someone a reward after a behavior increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future because of the principle of positive reinforcement C. pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that reflexively produces a response eventually leads to the neutral stimulus producing the response because of the principles of classical conditioning D. supporting someone no matter what they do leads to a strong self-concept for the person as a result of unconditional positive regard E. dream analysis brings unconscious conflicts to the surface because of psychoanalytic principles

A. people see a triangle with missing corners as a complete triangle because of the principle of closure

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study A. the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving B. how infants move from basic trust to autonomy C. the conflicts of the conscious and the unconscious D. the relationship of cephalocaudal and proximodistal development E. how attribution processes vary across cultures

A. the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who A. display financial resources B. have high social status C. appear fertile D. are taller than average E. are highly educated

C. appear fertile

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior? A. Psychoanalytic B. Humanistic C. Cognitive D. Sociobiological E. Behavioral

C. Congnitive

Research has demonstrated that when participants in a study are shown a picture of a snake and a picture of a house, they are more likely to develop autonomic fear responses, such as increased sweating and heart rate, in response to the picture of the snake. It has also been found that fear responses to a picture of a house are quickly extinguished, whereas fear responses to a picture of a snake are maintained at a high level. These findings best support which of the following psychological perspectives? A. Psychodynamic B. Humanistic C. Evolutionary D. Behavioral E. Gestalt

C. Evolutionary

In their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following? A. Socialization B. Cognition C. Maturation D. Experience E. Information processing

C. Maturation