PSYO 111: Chapter 7 practice quiz

After smelling roses at his grandmother's funeral, Carlos feels sad when he gives a bouquet of roses to his girlfriend for Valentine's Day. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is:

(the) bouquet

A patient with neuropsychological issues who experiences severe problems with explicit learning is MOST likely to have _____ implicit learning. A) intact C) impaired

A

Schedules of reinforcement are based on the fact that conditioned behaviours: A) often continue or even become strengthened by irregular reinforcement B) often become strengthened through habituation C) always become extinct after a short period of no reinforcement.

A

Which behaviour is LEAST likely to be studied by researchers using operant techniques? A) eye blinks B) study behaviours C) exercising

A

Which statement does NOT present an example of learning? A)A baby reflexively pulls back her hand when it is exposed to a hot burner. B) A college student studies for a second exam after failing the first exam in a class. C) A fish comes to the top of its tank when its owner approaches.

A

Conditioning alone cannot explain why some behaviours are easier to learn than others without taking _____ into account. A neuropsychiatry B personality C evolutionary theory

C

The Rescorla-Wagner model shows that classical conditioning actually involves a cognitive aspect based on the organism's: A)generalizations B) unconscious C) expectations.

C

Brad watches his older brother twirl his spaghetti around his fork using a spoon. Brad then attempts to twirl his spaghetti in the same way. Brad's older brother is serving as a _____ for Brad.

model

Classical conditioning occurs by pairing a(n) _____ with a(n) _____ to produce a response.

neutral, unconditioned

Implicit learning is _____ dependent on IQ and changes _____ across the life span.

not, little

Learned food aversions are generally acquired from _____ due to the evolutionary adaptive conditioning of rejecting foods that may be toxic.

novel foods

Which structure is a pleasure center in the brain?

nucleus accumbens

Cultural traditions and customs are generally passed down through _____ learning

observational

Normal fear responses are not exhibited in an animal whose connections from the hypothalamus to the _____ have been disrupted.

amygdala

The school of psychology MOST associated with learning processes is:

behaviourism

Each species is _____ _______ to learn some things more readily than others.

biologically predisposed

Individual differences are more commonly found in _____ tasks than in _____ ones.

explicit, implicit

When a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, _____ will gradually occur.

extinction

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, conditioning should be MOST powerful when stimuli are:

unfamiliar

_____ conditioning has many practical applications, including the relief of food aversions in patients with cancer.

classical

A possible explanation for distributed practice being an effective learning strategy versus massed practice is that when we engage in massed practice, retrieving recently studied information is relatively _____, whereas during distributed practice, it is _____ to retrieve information that we studied.

easy, more difficult

Mirror neurons in humans are mostly located in the _____ and _____ of the brain.

frontal lobe, parietal lobe

The adaptive ability of organisms to transfer learning of one particular instance to another very similar case is evidence of:

generalization

When Ariel first moved into her apartment, the sound of the traffic drove her nuts. Now, after 3 months, Ariel doesn't notice the sound because she has likely:

habituated

What types of learning have been found in simple organisms like the sea slug Aplysia?

habituation, sensitization

Mirror neurons contribute to observational learning through the influence of rote imitation and the influence of the awareness of:

intentionality

Rereading a chapter can be a poor tool for learning since it may lead to inaccurate:

judgements of learning

What part of the brain is MOST associated with the positive aspects of reinforcement?

limbic system

Due to ____ ______, a person can tell the difference between the men's restroom and the women's restroom and know which one to use.

stimulus control

Research indicates the benefits of brief ______ during a lecture, which improve learning by reducing the mind's tendency to wander.

tests