PT Final
All of the following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant method except: A. An iron casting B. An aluminum forging C. A part made from a porous plastic material D. A part made from a nonporous material
A part made from a POROUS material
Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is:
Essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant from gaining access to discontinuities
Prior to the penetrant testing of a perviously machines soft metal part, which of the cleaning methods listed below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities?
Etching
Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result in:
Excessive background fluorescence
While conducting a penetrant test, all of the following health precautions should be applied except:
Washing any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline
The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is: A. Metal fillings B. Oil C. Detergents ( from cleaning) D. Water
Water
All the following materials can be tested by the usual liquid penetrant tests except:
unglazed porous ceramic
The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent by which of the following properties:
viscosity
When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should become adjusted to the dark before inspecting parts. The generally accepted minimum time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is:
1 to 5 min
Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants respond most actively to radiant energy with a wavelength of approximately:
365 nm
Usually, the most desirable method of removing excess water-washable penetrant after the dwell time is by using:
A low pressure coarse water spray
Which of the following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant method? A. A surface crack B. A subsurface crack C. An internal inclusion D. None of the above
A surface crack
When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a test specimen:
ALL OF THE ABOVE
In penetrant testing, developers should be able to perform all of the following functions except:
Adding fluorescence to penetrants
When conducting a water-washable liquid penetrant test, the wet developer is applied: A. Immediately after the penetrant has been applied B. Immediately before the penetrant is applied C. After removal of the penetrant D. After removal of the emulsifier
After removal of the penetrant
The final inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should take place:
After the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper development time
When using a post-emulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply the emulsifier: A. Before applying the penetrant B. After the water-wash operation C. After the dwell time has elapsed D. After the development time has elapsed
After the dwell time has elapsed
Excess penetrant ( all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from the specimen:
After the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed
What is required for water-suspendible?
Agitation is required
Water-washable penetrants may be applied by: A. Brushing B. Spraying C. Dipping D. All of the below
All of the above
Which of the following are commonly accepted methods for applying penetrant? A. Dipping B. Pouring C. Spraying D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liquid penetrant testing? A. A wet surface B. A rough weld C. An oily surface D. All of the above
All of the above
Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it is important to ensure that the surface of the part is free of:
All of the above Oil or grease, acids or chromates, traces of water
What factor will affect resolution of penetrant indications?
All of the above The sensitivity, the surface condition, the temperature
What could be a source of false indications on a test specimen?
All of the above, residue from previous testing, machining oil, scale, rust and corrosion
A suitable filter must be used at all times over an ultraviolet light bulb because:
All of the above, too much white light will be present if no filter, the human eye may be damaged w/o it, the filter filters out undesired wave lengths
A material that is applied over the film of the penetrant on the surface of a part, mixes with the penetrant and enables it to be washed off the surface is called:
An emulsifier
Liquid penetrant testing cannot find:
An internal cavity
Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using water-washable penetrants?
Avoid over-rinsing the part
The term to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the penetrant in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleedout of the liquid penetrant for increased contrast and sensitivity, is known as:
Blotting ( or reverse capillary action)
The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrant into small openings such as cracks or fissures is:
Capillary action
When conducting a penetrant test using fluorescent penetrant, ultraviolet light equipment is required to:
Cause the penetrant to fluoresce
A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess all of the following characteristics except that the:
Cleaner must not be flammable
The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that has been painted is to: A. Carefully apply the penetrant over the surface B.completely remove the paint C. Thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent D. Wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint
Completely remove the paint
When using a fluorescent, post-emulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the part is critical when detecting shallow scratch-like discontinuities. The actual length of time should be:
Determined by experimentation
The terms dry, aqueous wet and non-aqueous wet are used to describe three different types
Developers
Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing?
Developers are normally highly fluorescent
In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to inspection is often referred to as the:
Development time
Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting:
Discontinuities open to the surface
Which of the following is a type of developer used in liquid penetrant testing?
Dry, aqueous particulate, non-aqueous particulate, ALL OF THE ABOVE
When performing a penetrant test using a post-emulsifier penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with respect to proper timing?
Emulsification time
What discontinuity could be classified as a service induced discontinuity?
Fatigue crack
Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a finishing processing discontinuity?
Heat-treat crack
Penetrant developer is commonly available in all forms except:
High velocity developer
All of the following methods are recommended to remove grease from the surface of a penetrant test specimen except:
Hot water rinsing
Which of the following statements is true?
If the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of water-washable penetrants
When using dry developer, the drying operation is performed:
Immediately after removal of excess penetrant, before the inspection step, thoroughly, all of the above
All of the following basic inspection principles apply to the visible penetrant methods except: A. The penetrant must enter the discontinuity in order to form an indication B. Indications glow when illuminated with an ultraviolet light C. A longer penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities D. If the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity, an indication will not be formed by that discontinuity
Indications glow when illuminated with an ultraviolet light
Which of the following types of discontinuities cannot be detected by the liquid penetrant test method?
Internal forging bursts
The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen:
Is drawn into discontinuities, may be peened over and closed
Which of the following statements is false?
It is not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to penetrant testing because the penetrant is basically an oil
What could happen if a person looks directly into an ultraviolet light?
It will possibly cloud the vision of the person looking into the light for a short period of time.
A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when:
Visible dye penetrants are used
What condition will decrease the life of an ultraviolet lightbulb?
Line voltage fluctuations
Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications?
Lint or dirt
Liquid penetrant testing is a non destructive test that can be used for:
Locating discontinuities open to the surface
If a part to be tested is hot, the penetrant:
May evaporate
Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by: A. The post-emulsification penetrant method B. The visibly dye penetrant method C. The fluorescent, water-washable penetrant method D. None of the above
None of the above
Ultraviolet light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fluorescent penetrant inspection can cause permanent damage to: A. Human tissues B. Human eyes C. Human blood cells D. None of the above
None of the above
When using a post-emulsifiable penetrant, the emulsifier time should be:
Only as long as necessary to remove the interfering background
Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent
Visible dye penetrants do not require ultraviolet light
When penetrant testing parts, the temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. If the part is at low temperature when tested, the:
Penetrant may become viscous
What is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing?
Penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities
The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is covered with penetrant is:
Penetration time (dwell time)
Which of the following is a commonly used classification for a penetrant? A.post-emulsifiable penetrant B.Nonferrous penetrant C.chemical etch penetrant D. Non-aqueous penetrant
Post-emulsifiable pentrant
Which penetrant system is generally considered to be the most sensitive?
Post-emulsification—- fluorescent dye
Localized tool for powder dry developer
Powder bulb
All of the following methods are commonly used to clean parts prior to penetrant testing except: A. Vapor degreasing B. Liquid solvent C. Power wire brushing D. Alkaline cleaner
Power wire brushing
The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to:
Provide a blotting action to draw penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background.
Which of the following surface contaminants cannot be removed by vapor degreasing?
RUST
The problem with re testing a specimen with fluorescent penetrants that has been previously tested using visible dye liquid penetrant is that:
Residue can diminish or destroy fluorescent indication brightness
What is not a generally accepted method for applying penetrants?
Rubbing the penetrant over the surface
What is most likely the result of an excessive emulsification time when penetrant testing with a post-emulsifiable pentrant?
Shallow discontinuity indications could be lost
Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is normally considered the most effective?
Spraying
Which is following is an acceptable method fro applying wet developer?
Spraying or dipping
Ultraviolet light equipment is required when penetrant testing by:
The fluorescent penetrant method
Which of the statements below applies to the liquid penetrant method of testing?
The penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect minute surface discontinuities.
What is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing method?
The solvent removable penetrant method
Which of the following penetrant methods is generally used for portable field inspections?
The solvent removable penetrant method
Which one of the following conditions will affect the rate and the extent a liquid penetrant will enter cracks, fissures and other small openings? A. The hardness of the specimen being tested B. The surface condition of the specimen being tested C. The color of the penetrant D. The conductivity of the specimen being tested
The surface condition of the specimen being tested
The most widely accpeted method for removing excessive water-washable penetrant from thesurface of a tes speciman id by:
Using a water spray rinse
Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing? A. Sand blasting B. Wire brushing C. Grinding D. Vapor degreasing
Vapor degreasing
A generally accepted method for removing excess solvent-removable penetrant is: A. Repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner B. Soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water C. Blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed air. D.wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner- dampened cloth
Wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner-dampened cloth
When using solvent removable penetrants, the excess penetrant may be removed by:
Wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been lightly moistened with solvent
When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant, there are several ways to remove excess penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results?
Wiping with dry wipes , then wiping with a solvent-dampened cloth and finally wiping with a dry cloth.
When using a wet developer:
a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks
Why is the drying process used in penetrant testing?
after the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating
Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the:
bleed out process
When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by:
completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by using a longer emulsifier time, if allowed
A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an excessive over-concentration of developer powder can cause:
cracking of the developer coating during the drying operation
Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using solvent removable penetrants?
do not apply excessive amount of solvent
A good penetrant must do all of the following except:
evaporate very rapidly
Which of the following statements concerning liquid penetrant testing is correct?
fluorescent indications will be seen when exposed to blacklight (ultraviolet)
Emulsifier time:
is extremely important and will greatly affect test results
Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material a good penetrant?
no one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant
When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of:
porosity
Which of the following types of discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast material?
porosity
When using fluorescent water-washable penetrant, adequate rinsing of the part is assured by:
rinsing under blacklight (ultraviolet light)
When conducting a liquid penetrant test using a post-emulsifiable visible dye penetrant, the generally accepted method for applying the wet developer is by:
spraying
Why is it possible to flush a surface with a coarse water spray to which a water-washable penetrant was applied, remove the excessive penetrant and not remove the penetrant that is in the defects?
the water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect openings
