PT Quizzes
If the strength of a muscle is "good" (grade 4/5) and active ROM cannot be done, repetitive setting exercises will accomplish each of the following except: A) Maintain mobility between muscle fibers B) Develop or maintain an awareness of the sensation of a muscle contraction C) Increase the strength in the muscle D) Enhance circulation within the muscle
C) Increase the strength in the muscle
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about hypomobility? A) It may be associated with loss of passive or dynamic flexibility B) It may be caused by muscle imbalance or weakness C) It is usually associated with joint instability D) It may occur with or without tissue trauma
C) It is usually associated with joint instability
Which components of a resistance exercise program should be modified (manipulated) during the program to produce training-induced improvement in muscle endurance? A) Position of the patient and load B) Sets and mode of exercise C) Load and repetitions D) Repetitions and mode of exercise
C) Load and repetitions
Each of the following is a contraindication to stretching adaptively shortened tissues except: A) Sharp, acute pain during ROM B) When a shortened, multijoint muscle group crosses a hypermobile intermediate joint C) A bony block D) When tight (shortened) soft tissues provide functional stability of a body segment affected by paralysis
B) When a shortened, multijoint muscle group crosses a hypermobile intermediate joint
Which of the following is correct about the intensity of exercise and achieving a conditioning response?
For a sedentary, deconditioned individual, low-intensity exercise at the 40% to 60% level is usually sufficient to induce an initial conditioning response.
You are asked to do selective stretching with a patient with a spinal cord injury. You allow tightness of which of the following muscle groups to optimize function?
Low back extensors
Of the following choices, which is the most appropriate application of the hold-relax (contract-relax) method of muscle inhibition and elongation of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Place the patient's ankle in as much dorsiflexion as is comfortable; have the patient isometrically contract the plantarflexors against resistance for 6 to 10 seconds. Then have the patient relax as you passively dorsiflex the ankle
Your patient develops a contracture as the result of hypertonicity after a traumatic brain injury. This type of hip contracture is called a/an:
Pseudomyostatic contracture
Your patient has poor upper quarter posture, and you are training the scapular depressors in order to improve thoracic and scapular positions. Against low resistance these muscles are holding for 60 seconds. What muscle fibers primarily are recruited during this activity? A) Type I B) Type IB C) Type IIA D) Type IIB
A) Type I
To increase terminal knee extension you position the patient prone so the lower leg is not supported on the treatment table. The patient relaxes while the lower leg and foot "hang" off the end of the table. The therapist adds a cuff weight around the ankle. What type of stretching procedure is being applied? A) Ballistic B) Mechanical C) Dynamic D) Cyclic
B) Mechanical
Research has shown that the most effective way to relieve the symptoms of DOMS once it has developed is to: A) Passively stretch the muscle until the DOMS subsides B) Apply cold before starting to exercise again C) Perform gentle active exercises for a few minutes before starting to exercise again D) Apply topical heat and rest until the DOMS subsides
C) Perform gentle active exercises for a few minutes before starting to exercise again
Which of the following best defines muscle strength? A) Ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against a load B) Work produced by a muscle per unit of time C) Produce or control forces imposed during functional activities D) Force generated during a single maximum effort
D) Force generated during a single maximum effort
You are encouraging your patient to engage in aerobic exercise conditioning. Significant positive changes can be generally measured in how many weeks?
10-12 weeks
Current recommendations from the AHA and CDC recommend frequency for an aerobic exercise program to be:
30 minutes 5-7 days per week
An ideal ISOM muscle contraction should be held for how long? A) 3 seconds B) 6 seconds C) 10 seconds D) 12 seconds
B) 6 seconds
You are asked to develop a home exercise program aimed at improving strength of a particular muscle group. You set your parameters using which of the following? A) Low load, low repetitions B) Low load, high repetitions C) High load, low repetitions D) High load, high repetitions
C) High load, low repetitions
Which of the following terms best describes impaired extensibility of a muscle-tendon unit as the result of spasticity or rigidity from a lesion of the central nervous system (CNS)? A) Myostatic contracture B) Fibrotic contracture C) Pseudomyostatic contracture D) Hypotonic contracture
C) Pseudomyostatic contracture
The type of aerobic training characterized by a series of activities that are repeated is which of the following? A) Continuous training B) Interval training C) Circuit training D) Circuit-interval training
Circuit Training
Submaximal exercise loads are recommended for each of the following patients except: A) 30-year-old patient with an acute rotator cuff strain B) 65-year-old sedentary patient following a period of prolonged bed rest C) 8-year-old child with a subacute quadriceps strain D) 40-year-old client who wants a conditioning program
D) 40-year-old client who wants a conditioning program
If jogging for 20 minutes requires 50 units of work output and 200 units of work input, what is the exercise efficiency? A) 2% B) 2.5% C) 20% D) 25%
25%
You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern, specifically the D2 flexion pattern for the upper extremity. As the patient flexes his shoulder and brings his arm overhead against your resistance, what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened? A) Abductors and external rotators B) Adductors and external rotators C) Abductors and internal rotators D) Adductors and internal rotators
A) Abductors and external rotators
To use the phenomenon of creep in a stretching routine most effectively: A) The tissues should be warmed and the force (load) maintained as long as tolerated B) The force should be repeated in a cyclic manner C) A high-intensity, rapidly applied force should be applied D) The force should be great enough to cause necking
A) The tissues should be warmed and the force (load) maintained as long as tolerated
As part of a circuit weight training program your patient performs 2 sets of 10 repetitions of biceps curls at 70% of her 1 repetition maximum (RM), resting briefly between sets. Which of the following energy systems is primarily being used? A) Phosphagen system B) Anaerobic glycolytic system C) Aerobic system D) ATP-PC (adenosine triphosphate phosphocreatine) system
B) Anaerobic glycolytic system
You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms. You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position. This technique is known as: A) Agonist-contraction B) Rhythmic stabilization C) Recurrent facilitation D) Repeated contractions
B) Rhythmic stabilization
The most common method of aerobic training utilized in a phase II cardiac rehabilitation program is which of the following?
Circuit-interval training
A patient referred to you in your home health practice needs to spend the next 8 weeks on bed rest due to complications of pregnancy. You design an exercise program to reduce the adverse effects of prolonged bed rest. Which of the following is least likely to occur as the result of deconditioning from prolonged bed rest?
D) Laxity of ligaments
When putting together effective dosage for exercise, you must consider all of the following except: A) Intensity B) Volume C) Frequency D) Position
D) Position
Connective tissue fatigue occurs: A) When the heart rate is maintained at 80% of the age-adjusted maximum during active exercise B) When there is a buildup of metabolites in connective tissue as the result of active stretching procedures C) When a muscle is not allowed adequate time to recover from exercise to exhaustion D) When a submaximal stress load is applied repeatedly and causes tissue
D) When a submaximal stress load is applied repeatedly and causes tissue
Which of the following is a correct statement about maximum heart rate and exercise heart rate?
If a young or middle-aged individual is carefully screened and has been jogging or running for some time, it is appropriate to use the results of a submaximal field test to determine maximum heart rate.
Each of the following is true about phase I of a cardiac rehabilitation program for a patient who has had a myocardial infarction except:
In today's health care environment phase I does not begin until after the patient has been discharged because a typical hospital stay is only 3 to 5 days
The frequency required to maintain a level of aerobic fitness is:
Less than what is required to improve it
Which of the following is true regarding aerobic exercise training (aerobic conditioning)? A) Dependent on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise B) Measured by muscular endurance C) Produces significant crossover effects for various physical activities D) Requires 6 weeks for evidence of improvement
A) Dependent on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise
Each of the following is a true statement about muscle strength and resistance training through the life-span except: A) Although muscle strength tends to gradually decrease in middle-age and older adults, weight training has been shown to be ineffective (does not lead to adaptive strength gains or functional improvement) after the seventh decade of life B) During the early and middle childhood years prior to puberty, muscle strength increases linearly and is reasonably similar (as little as a 10% difference) in boys and girls C) During puberty, although greater muscle hypertrophy occurs in boys than girls as the result of resistance training, relative training-induced strength gains are comparable between the sexes D) During late adulthood muscle atrophy occurs to a greater extent in type II than type I muscle fibers
A) Although muscle strength tends to gradually decrease in middle-age and older adults, weight training has been shown to be ineffective (does not lead to adaptive strength gains or functional improvement) after the seventh decade of life
To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat. Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and: A) Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantarflexes and inverts the ankle and foot B) Apply resistance to the plantar and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient plantarflexes and everts the ankle and foot C) Apply resistance to the dorsal and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle and foot D) Apply resistance to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and everts the ankle and foot
A) Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantarflexes and inverts the ankle and foot
Each of the following is a true statement about isokinetic exercise except: A) Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions B) It accommodates for a painful arc C) It provides maximal resistance throughout the available ROM D) It accommodates for muscle fatigue
A) Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions
The PNF pattern of the upper extremity that ends with the shoulder in flexion, adduction, and external rotation is: A) D1 flexion B) D1 extension C) D2 flexion D) D2 extension
A) D1 flexion
You are having a patient throw and catch a weighted ball in a stretch-shortening drill. Which of the following is a true statement about this type of training? The most appropriate way to progress this drill is to: A) Decrease the amoritization phase before increasing the weight of the ball B) Increase the amoritization phase before increasing the weight of the ball C) Increase the weight of the ball to slow down the speed of the drill D) Throw and receive the ball from a longer distance
A) Decrease the amoritization phase before increasing the weight of the ball
To achieve maximum elongation of the long head of the biceps brachii during passive stretching: A) Extend the elbow with the forearm in pronation and then extend the shoulder B) Flex the shoulder overhead after extending the elbow with the forearm in supination C) Extend the elbow with the forearm in supination and then extend the shoulder D) Flex the shoulder overhead after extending the elbow with the forearm in pronation
A) Extend the elbow with the forearm in pronation and then extend the shoulder
Your goal is to improve lower extremity proprioception, balance, and strength. Which of the following closed-chain exercises is the most challenging? A) Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance B) Have the patient kneel in an upright position on a piece of foam and shift his weight from side to side C) Have the patient stand on the floor on one leg and maintain his balance D) Have the patient stand on the floor with weight equally distributed on both feet and throw and catch a ball
A) Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance
The goal of this exercise is to increase the flexibility (extensibility) of the pectoralis major muscle. You teach the patient to stand facing a corner with the shoulders abducted to 90, elbows flexed to 90, and hands and forearms placed on the walls. You tell the patient to relax into the stretch (by leaning into the corner) for 30 seconds; push his forearms into the walls for a count of six; then relax and lean forward toward the corner again and hold for 30 seconds. The self-stretching technique the patient is using is: A) Hold-relax (contract-relax) B) Contract-relax-contract (hold-relax-agonist contraction) C) Agonist contraction D) Static progressive stretching
A) Hold-relax (contract-relax)
If a patient, who has an inflammatory muscle disease such as polymyositis engages in a vigorous resistance training program, it is possible that progressive deterioration, rather than improvement, in muscle strength that is irreversible can occur. The term that best describes this phenomenon is: A) Overwork weakness B) Progressive muscle fatigue caused by overtraining C) Muscle overload D) Delayed-onset myopathy
A) Overwork weakness
Mrs. B. is an 87-year-old resident of Western Hills Skilled Nursing Facility. She sustained a compression fracture of the T12 vertebra several weeks ago when she inadvertently sat down forcefully on a hard chair. Incorporating resistance training that focuses on eccentric exercises of her quadriceps and gluteal muscles in weight-bearing positions (e.g., controlled squatting and partial lunges) represents what principle of therapeutic exercise? A) Specificity of training B) Reversibility of training C) Overflow principle D) Overload principle
A) Specificity of training
A stress test should be terminated if A) There is a significant drop in systolic blood pressure in response to an increasing workload B) Cheeks become flushed C) Blood pressure increases approximately 7 to 10 mm Hg per MET of physical activity D) Respiratory rate and depth increase
A) There is a significant drop in systolic blood pressure in response to an increasing workload
To maintain gains in ROM achieved as the result of a stretching program, it is recommended to: A) Use the stretch-induced gains in ROM during functional activities on a regular basis B) Perform daily resistance training of the muscle group opposite the stretched muscle C) Apply heat on a daily basis to the lengthened muscle groups D) Perform daily resistance training of the stretched muscle
A) Use the stretch-induced gains in ROM during functional activities on a regular basis
Within 1 week of beginning resistance exercise of the shoulder external rotators as a component of a rehabilitation program after a shoulder injury, your patient, Mr. K., is able to increase the level of resistance by using a heavier grade of elastic tubing. This improvement in muscle performance is due primarily to which of the following adaptive changes? A) Increased recruitment of motor units B) Increased oxygen to the muscle C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers D) Fiber-type transformation from slow twitch to fast twitch
A) increased recruitment of motor units
Which of the following descriptions of stretching procedures performed for several repetitions during a single treatment session and repeated over a series of stretching sessions represents the most effective process to achieve plastic lengthening of soft tissues? A) In an end-range position apply several high-intensity, rapid velocity stretch forces B) Apply an end-range, low-load force slowly; maintain the end-range position for an extended time period and release the stretch force slowly C) Apply an end-range, high-load force slowly, maintain the end-range stretch for an extended time period D) In an end-range position apply several low-intensity, rapid velocity stretch forces
B) Apply an end-range, low-load force slowly; maintain the end-range position for an extended time period and release the stretch force slowly
To improve upper extremity strength, stability, and proprioception, during which of the following variations of push-ups does body weight provide the greatest resistance? A) Bilateral wall push-ups while in a standing position and leaning into and pushing away from the wall B) Bilateral push-ups while in a fully prone position on the floor with weight on the hands and toes C) Bilateral push-ups while standing and leaning on the hands on a kitchen countertop D) Bilateral push-ups in a prone position with weight on the hands and knees
B) Bilateral push-ups while in a fully prone position on the floor with weight on the hands and toes
Which of the following exercises provides the most stretch to increase flexion of the lumbar spine? A) Single knee to chest B) Double knees to chest C) Posterior pelvic tilt with the patient lying supine and legs straight D) Posterior pelvic tilt with the patient lying supine with hips/knees at 45o/90o
B) Double knees to chest
Mary is 30 lb overweight and wants to start exercising for fitness and to lose weight before her high school class reunion next year. For motivation she has set a goal to run a 10K race in 6 months. The best method of training for this event would be: A) Bicycling 2 days a week and fast walking 4 days a week B) Fast walking, progressing to running 5 to 6 days a week C) Bicycling and running 3 days a week for each activity D) Swimming 1 day a week, bicycling 2 days a week, and running 3 days a week
B) Fast walking, progressing to running 5 to 6 days a week
12. You are coaching a patient doing resistance exercises to avoid a Valsalva maneuver. Any of the following are good strategies except: A) Have patient exhale with each resisted effort B) Have patient inhale with each resisted effort C) Have patient talk during the exercises D) Caution patient to avoid breath holding
B) Have patient inhale with each resisted effort
Of the following, which is the most effective way to improve muscle endurance? A) Have the patient train on an isokinetic dynamometer at fast speeds only B) Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods C) Have the patient exercise against maximal resistance for a limited number of repetitions D) Have the patient train by using isometric exercises against resistance
B) Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods
You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension. Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise? A) Isokinetic exercise at medium to fast velocities B) High-effort isometric exercise C) Setting exercises D) High-effort dynamic resistance exercise
B) High-effort isometric exercise
Ballistic stretching: A) Should be used only under the direction of a physical therapist for patients with long-standing contractures B) Increases muscle tension during the stretching maneuver and increases the chance of tissue trauma C) Is effective only if done concurrently with joint mobilization techniques D) Can be very effective because the rapid force has greater chance of reaching the plastic range, leading to tissue remodeling
B) Increases muscle tension during the stretching maneuver and increases the chance of tissue trauma
If a patient, who is in a prone-lying position with a cuff weight around his ankle, flexes his knee from a fully extended (0) position to a fully flexed (150) position, what type(s) of contraction will occur in which muscle group(s)? A) The knee flexors contract concentrically through the full ROM B) The knee flexors contract concentrically from 0 to 90, and the knee extensors contract eccentrically from 90 to 150 of flexion C) The knee flexors contract eccentrically from 0 to 90, and the knee extensors contract concentrically from 90 to 150 of flexion
B) The knee flexors contract concentrically from 0 to 90, and the knee extensors contract eccentrically from 90 to 150 of flexion
Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise? A) Joint compressive forces increase with increased velocity of exercise B) Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion C) Slow-velocity training is more appropriate for carryover to functional activities than medium and fast velocities D) Depending on the type of isokinetic dynamometer used, the rate of limb movement may range from 0 to 500 per minute
B) Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion
Which of the following statements is correct about the use of arm exercises (upper extremity ergometry) versus leg exercises (treadmill walking, bicycling) in a cardiac rehabilitation program?
B) Myocardial O2 consumption (heart rate systolic blood pressure) is higher with arm exercises than leg exercises.
31. Mr. Z is a 68-year-old gentleman who underwent abdominal surgery 3 months ago. Since his surgery he has had difficulty walking. You determine that during the period of bed rest and modified activity his legs have become quite weak, contributing to his difficulty walking. The ROM of his lower extremities is within normal limits. You determine that the 10 RM for the hip extensors and quadriceps bilaterally (measured on a bilateral leg press unit) is only 20 lb. After a brief warm-up on a stationary bicycle, you have Mr. Z. perform the following PRE regimen: 10 repetitions of hip and knee extension against 20 lb; 10 repetitions against 15 lb; and 10 repetitions against 10 lb with a rest between each set of 10 repetitions. This approach to PRE is known as: A) Circuit weight training B) Oxford regimen C) DeLorme regimen D) DAPRE regimen
B) Oxford regimen
Which of the following is a correct description of plyometric exercise? A) Slow, controlled, eccentric loading of a muscle performed in functional positions B) Quick, forceful eccentric muscle contraction against resistance, rapidly followed by a resisted concentric muscle contraction C) Series of resisted isometric muscle contractions in functional positions D) Forceful and rapid concentric contraction followed by an isometric hold
B) Quick, forceful eccentric muscle contraction against resistance, rapidly followed by a resisted concentric muscle contraction
The principle of resistance training that suggests that adaptive changes are transient unless a person participates in a maintenance program is which of the following? A) Overload principle B) Reversibility principle C) SAID principle D) Wolff's principle
B) Reversibility principle
Each of the following is a true statement about self-stretching procedures except: A) A portion of body weight is often the source of the stretch force when the distal segment is fixed B) Self-stretching is effective only when the distal segment is stabilized and the proximal segment moves C) Proper stabilization of one segment sometimes can be achieved intrinsically (i.e., by an isometric muscle contraction) D) A stationary object or surface can be used to stabilize one body segment as the other segment is moved
B) Self-stretching is effective only when the distal segment is stabilized and the proximal segment moves
To selectively strengthen the flexor digitorum superficialis using manual resistance exercise, position the patient's forearm in supination and wrist in neutral on a table; then: A) Stabilize the MCP and PIP joints in neutral, then apply resistance to the distal phalanx as the patient flexes the DIP joint B) Stabilize the MCP and DIP joints in neutral, then apply resistance to the middle phalanx as the patient flexes the PIP joint C) Stabilize the PIP and DIP joints in neutral, then apply resistance to the proximal phalanx as the patient flexes the MCP joint D) Without additional stabilization, apply resistance to the distal phalanx and ask the patient to flex the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints simultaneously
B) Stabilize the MCP and DIP joints in neutral, then apply resistance to the middle phalanx as the patient flexes the PIP joint
Each of the following is an indication that muscle fatigue is occurring when a patient is exercising against resistance except: A) Muscular tremor occurs during the exercise B) Temporary loss of sensation in the exercising muscles C) The patient may not be able to complete the available ROM against the initial level of resistance applied D) The patient may attempt to use a substitute motion and muscle group to perform the exercise
B) Temporary loss of sensation in the exercising muscles
When an exercise involves using the same muscle group to lift and lower a constant load, such as flexing and extending the elbow while standing and holding a weight, which of the following is correct about the effect of this exercise on the tension generated by the musculature? A) Greater muscle tension develops when the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction) than when it is lifted and controlled by a concentric contraction B) When the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction), fewer motor units are recruited, and thus less tension is generated, than when the weight is lifted (controlled by a concentric contraction) C) The same tension is generated in the muscle during the lifting and lowering phases of the exercise because the greatest resistance (load) is imposed by the weight at the same point in the ROM D) Greater energy expenditure is necessary during the eccentric phase of the exercise than during the concentric phase
B) When the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction), fewer motor units are recruited, and thus less tension is generated, than when the weight is lifted (controlled by a concentric contraction)
You are trying to decide if it is time to increase resistance while strength training your patient. Current recommendations are to increase if they can do which of the following volumes without fatigue? A) 1-2 repetitions, 2-3 sets B) 2-6 repetitions, 2-3 sets C) 6-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets D) 12-15 repetitions, 2-3 sets
C) 6-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets
Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise? A) Risk of pathological fracture due to osteoporosis B) Joint instability C) Acute pain or inflammation D) If muscle soreness occurs after a bout of exercise
C) Acute pain or inflammation
To achieve permanent lengthening of connective tissue: A) The collagen fibers must be stretched B) The region of necking, or macro-failure, must be reached C) Bonds between collagen fibers must be remodeled in the lengthened position D) Sarcomere give must occur
C) Bonds between collagen fibers must be remodeled in the lengthened position
You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a PNF diagonal pattern. In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted? A) D1 flexion B) D1 extension C) D2 flexion D) D2 extension
C) D2 flexion
You are teaching a client total body relaxation techniques as part of a pain management program. Each of the following is an indicator of relaxation except: A) Flat facial expression B) Lowered heart and respiratory rate C) Decreased skin temperature in the extremities D) Decreased muscle tension evidenced by relaxed jaw and hands
C) Decreased skin temperature in the extremities
Principles of stress testing include each of the following except: A) The workload initially used in the test is low compared to an individual's anticipated aerobic threshold B) To increase the workload during treadmill testing the speed and/or incline are increased C) Each successive workload level is maintained for no more than 1 minute D) Testing is terminated at the onset of symptoms or definable abnormalities are noted on the electrocardiogram (ECG)
C) Each successive workload level is maintained for no more than 1 minute
Fitness level is based on which of the following? A) Ability of a muscle to work repeatedly B) Distance that body weight is moved in 1 minute C) Energy expenditure during a bout of physical work D) Number of large muscles used during exercise
C) Energy expenditure during a bout of physical work
Based on the neurophysiological properties of the contractile components of muscle, a high-intensity, quick stretch of a muscle-tendon unit is believed to create phasic elevation of tension in the stretched muscle by: A) Facilitating the muscle spindle via the IB fibers B) Facilitating the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) C) Facilitating the primary (Ia) afferents, which in turn stimulate the extrafusal fibers of the muscle D) Inhibiting the secondary (II) afferents, which in turn stimulate the extrafusal fibers of the muscle
C) Facilitating the primary (Ia) afferents, which in turn stimulate the extrafusal fibers of the muscle
In a patient's medical record you see "knee flexion contracture." What does it mean? A) The patient is unable to actively extend their knee through the full ROM despite full passive knee extension B) The quadriceps muscle group is tight and limits full, passive knee flexion C) Full, passive knee extension is not possible D) The patient cannot actively contract the hamstrings to flex the knee
C) Full, passive knee extension is not possible
A patient doing hip abduction exercise with a cuff weight in the supine position is primarily applying a resistance force to which of the following muscle groups? A) Hip adductors B) Hip abductors C) Hip flexors D) Hip extensors
C) Hip flexors
Following surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome, you notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand. This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes? A) Increased recruitment of motor units B) Hyperplasia of muscle fibers C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers D) Fiber type transformation
C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers
A patient has mild joint swelling and pain during active ROM, but resisted tests of the muscles that cross the swollen joints do not cause pain. Your goal is to maintain or possibly increase strength through the available ROM. The most appropriate choice of exercise is: A) Setting exercises at the end of the ROM B) High-velocity isokinetic exercise C) Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance D) Eccentric/concentric, closed-chain exercise against body weight throughout the ROM
C) Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance
A condition characterized by progressive deterioration of strength in muscles already weakened by a nonprogressive neuromuscular disease is called: A) Overtraining B) Delayed-onset muscle soreness C) Overwork D) Ischemia
C) Overwork
You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5. The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid. Of the exercises described, which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program? A) Place the patient in a side-lying position and have him actively abduct the arm without your assistance as many times as possible B) Place the patient in a sitting position with the elbow flexed and have him abduct the arm through the full ROM 8 to 10 times against light resistance C) Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat. As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance. D) Have the patient assume the supine position. Provide as much assistance as needed to enable the patient to flex the shoulder from 0 to 90 for as many repetitions as possible.
C) Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat. As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance.
The most effective means of stretching the latissimus dorsi is to: A) Place the patient in a prone position; stabilize the scapula and hyperextend the shoulder B) Place the patient in a supine position; stabilize the lateral border of the scapula as you flex the shoulder C) Place the patient in the supine position with hips and knees flexed; stabilize the pelvis at the iliac crest and flex the shoulder D) Place the patient in a supine position; hyperextend the shoulder and move the arm over the side of the table as you stabilize the anterior aspect of the shoulder
C) Place the patient in the supine position with hips and knees flexed; stabilize the pelvis at the iliac crest and flex the shoulder
Your patient is a sedentary 52 year-old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. The most appropriate method of determining his fitness level is: A) Distance run in 12 minutes B) Heart rate following 6 minutes of fast walking C) Sample expired air during multistage treadmill testing D) Time required to run 1.5 miles
C) Sample expired air during multistage treadmill testing
Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance. The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to: A) Stretch the erector spinae muscles in the lumbar region of the back B) Improve the mechanical efficiency of the iliopsoas on the (R) C) Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back D) Place the pelvis in a slight anterior tilt so the trunk is more stable and the iliopsoas can generate greater tension
C) Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back
Which is the safest (for protection of the long arch of the foot) and most effective way to apply a long-duration self-stretch of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle group? A) Stand facing a wall; lean into the wall while keeping both heels on the floor. Sustain that position for as long as possible B) Assume a long-sitting position on the floor; loop a towel or strap under one foot (strap should be at the heads of the metatarsals) and pull on the towel or strap C) Stand on a solid wedge (5, 10, or 15 angle) for an extended period of time D) Stand on a step with your heels hanging over the edge and let your heels drop slightly below step level and maintain that position as long as tolerated
C) Stand on a solid wedge (5, 10, or 15 angle) for an extended period of time
Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise? A) Length of the muscle and stretch of the band B) Stretch of the band and speed of movement C) Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone D) Angle of the band in relation to the moving bone and length of the muscle
C) Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone
It has been shown that after resistance exercise to exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if: A) The fatigued muscle rests completely during recovery B) Cold is applied to the fatigued muscle C) The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle D) The muscle is passively stretched during recovery
C) The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle
The glycosaminoglycans and water in the ground substance of connective tissue are important for connective tissue health because: A) They bind the collagen fibers together, giving them their crystalline qualities B) They stimulate the elastic qualities in elastin C) They reduce friction and maintain the distance between fibers D) They are the main structure that provides tensile qualities to tendons and ligaments
C) They reduce friction and maintain the distance between fibers
Which of the following statements about stretching is true? A) To effectively stretch the tensor fascia latae, you first flex the hip to 30 and then adduct the hip B) To maximally lengthen the wrist extensors, you fully flex the wrist and flex the elbow C) To stretch the posterior tibials, you dorsiflex and evert the foot and ankle D) To stretch the long head
C) To stretch the posterior tibials, you dorsiflex and evert the foot and ankle
The type of stretch technique that has a low velocity and short duration is called a:
Cyclic stretch
In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer, which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement? A) Free weights B) Variable resistance equipment made up of a weight-cable and cam system C) Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance D) Simple weight-pulley system
C) Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance
Which of the following best describes contralateral or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training? A) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle, the antagonist to that muscle also shows an increase in strength B) When exercise is carried out concentrically against resistance, an increase in eccentric muscle strength in the same leg also occurs C) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body D) When training is carried out for the purpose of developing strength, muscular endurance also develops in that same muscle
C) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body
Which of these aerobic training methods is the most effective way to improve endurance in a healthy individual?
Continuous Training
29. When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D1 extension pattern (PNF), the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the: A) Adductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger flexors B) Abductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger extensors C) Adductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger flexors D) Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors
D) Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors
Which of the following is true regarding closed-chain exercise? A) It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than open-chain training B) Muscles develop strength more quickly than with open-chain exercise C) It is a better choice than open-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups D) Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise
D) Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise
Which of the following is categorized as an extrinsic factor contributing to limited ROM? A) Bony block B) Inflammation of soft tissue C) Paralysis D) Cast immobilization after a fracture
D) Cast immobilization after a fracture
When applying a stretch, you first feel some resistance; as you maintain the stretch, you feel as though you can move into a greater range using the same amount of force. This describes what mechanical property of connective tissue? A) Stress relaxation B) Tissue failure C) Elastic limit D) Creep
D) Creep
The type of resistance exercise best suited to prevent reinjury is: A) ISOM B) ISOK C) Concentric D) Eccentric
D) Eccentric
A patient is holding a piece of elastic tubing with both hands in front of his body. Both elbows are flexed to 90, and both upper arms are held gently against the sides of the patient's chest. You instruct the patient to internally and externally rotate both shoulders simultaneously in this position. This activity strengthens the: A) Internal rotators concentrically and eccentrically B) External rotators concentrically and the internal rotators eccentrically C) Internal rotators concentrically and the external rotators eccentrically D) External rotators concentrically and eccentrically
D) External rotators concentrically and eccentrically
Each of the following is characteristic of delayed-onset muscle soreness except: A) Tends to peak 24 to 72 hours after the conclusion of high-intensity exercise B) Increased soreness during passive lengthening of the involved muscle groups C) Occurs more frequently after eccentric exercise than isometric exercise D) Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm
D) Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm
During a stretching maneuver, you apply a 30-second stretch of a shortened muscle group just up to the point of tissue resistance. After this maneuver, rather than relaxing with the patient and returning the body segment to a neutral position, you move the body segment into the newly gained range to apply another stretch of the same muscle group and hold the stretch for an additional 30 seconds. What term best describes this type of stretching? A) Static B) Cyclic C) Ballistic D) Static-progressive
D) Static-progressive
When a patient is involved in a stretching program, it is recommended that you: A) Strengthen the muscle to be stretched in order to convert nondistensible, noncontractile tissue to easily distensible contractile tissue B) Avoid strengthening the muscle that has been stretched because it is easier to achieve elongation when the muscle is weak C) Avoid active exercises for warm-up prior to stretching because it may increase excitability of the muscle tissue and prevent relaxation during stretching D) Strengthen the muscles that have been stretched because stretching may temporarily weaken a muscle
D) Strengthen the muscles that have been stretched because stretching may temporarily weaken a muscle
Stress within the elastic range of tissue deformation causes all of the following except: A) Straining of bonds (crosslinks) between collagen fibers B) Sarcomere give C) Squeezing water out of the ground substance D) Tearing the crystalline tropocollagen
D) Tearing the crystalline tropocollagen
Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"? A) The number of repetitions of a particular exercise a patient can perform in 8 seconds against a specific load (amount of resistance) B) The number of sets (bouts) of a specific exercise a patient can perform for 8 repetitions C) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM in 8 seconds D) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less).
D) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less).
Which of the following is a true statement about a muscle's response to immobilization or stretch? A) When a muscle is immobilized for a period of time, atrophy occurs more rapidly and extensively in fast twitch fibers than slow twitch fibers B) "Sarcomere give" is best described as a plastic change in muscle that occurs as the result of stretching C) A quick stretch of a muscle is believed to facilitate contraction of muscle fibers by means of the Golgi tendon organ D) The primary source of a muscle's resistance to passive stretch is the connective tissue in and around muscle
D) The primary source of a muscle's resistance to passive stretch is the connective tissue in and around muscle
10. Which of the following forms of resistance training is most appropriate for a 9-year-old child with weakness of the elbow musculature as the result of an elbow sprain, followed by several weeks of elbow immobilization combined with daily active (nonresisted) ROM? A) High-load, low-repetition biceps curls on equipment specifically designed to adjust to a child's body proportions B) Low-load, high-repetition biceps curls on equipment usually used by the adult patient population C) Supervised exercise by unlicensed support personnel D) Underhand bilateral toss of a weighted ball
D) Underhand bilateral toss of a weighted ball
What is the safest and most effective way of stretching the multijoint flexor digitorum profundis? A) Stabilize the wrist, MCP, and PIP joints in full extension; then passively extend the DIP joint B) With the wrist in neutral, stabilize the MCP and DIP joints in full extension; then passively extend the PIP joint C) First flex the wrist; then fully extend the DIP joint to the point of tissue resistance; then extend the PIP joint and then the MCP joint D) With the wrist stabilized in a neutral position, first extend the DIP joint, then the PIP joint, and then the MCP joint of each finger
D) With the wrist stabilized in a neutral position, first extend the DIP joint, then the PIP joint, and then the MCP joint of each finger
Our patient is undergoing a stress test to help to develop parameters for an exercise program. The test would be terminated for any of the following reasons except:
Decrease in Diastolic BP
To help reduce post-stretch soreness after stretching into shoulder flexion, cold should be applied with the limb in which of the following positions?
End-range shoulder flexion
With the patient in a supine position, you are passively stretching the hamstrings of the (R) lower extremity. To provide effective stabilization and minimize unwanted movement you should:
Extend the (L) hip and knee and keep the (L) leg flat on the table to prevent a posterior pelvic tilt as you stretch the (R) hamstrings
In general, each of the following tends to increase with age except:
Heart Rate
A person who has been on extended bed rest has a hip contracture that places the hip in a position of lateral rotation. You note in your documentation that your patient has a:
Hip external rotation contracture
You have been asked to initiate aerobic exercises for a deconditioned patient. Which of the following do you not expect to find upon assessing your patient's baseline prior to exercise?
Increased resting respiratory rate
Your patient has significant limitation in right shoulder external rotation. As you perform stretch interventions to improve ROM, you also need to develop strength in which of the following agonists?
Infraspinatus
Which of the following is not a true statement about an aerobic training program?
Pain that lasts longer than 8 hours afterward is an indication of overuse
The ability of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after a stretch force is removed is called:
Plasticity
While instructing a patient to fully elongate the latissimus dorsi muscle, you would have her place the limb in which position?
Shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation
Which of the following in NOT a precaution for stretching interventions?
Soreness after previous session that lasted 4 hours
The safest form of stretch that yields the most long-term changes is the:
Static Stretch
