PUBHHBP 3510 Exam 1

Using the graphics provided in the lecture, what proportion of unintentional injury and chronic lower respiratory diseases are potentially preventable? A. 21 B. 33 C. 34 D. 39

D. 39

Select all that apply: At the turn of the century (early 1900s), major public health concerns focused on.... A. Complex and multiple causative factors of disease B. Germ theory C. Noncommunicable disease D. Infectious disease

B. Germ theory and D. Infectious disease

Social determinants occur when a bias (such as racism) becomes ingrained in interpersonal, institutional and systems policies and practices, and results in 'sorting' persons into the haves and the have nots - those who are resource rich vs resource poor. A. True B. False

B. False

Based on what you've learned, which of the following do you think would be another example of a social determinant of health? A. Availability of job opportunities with living wages B. Wearing sunscreen C. Attitudes about wearing a mask to protect against COVID-19 D. Genetic susceptibility to diabetes

A. Availability of job opportunities with living wages

Nutbeam argues that health literacy: A. Can serve as an intermediary between health education and health outcomes B. Can serve as the precursor to a health intervention C. Should be the long-term, downstream health outcome D. Should be the goal of health promotion actions

A. Can serve as an intermediary between health education and health outcomes

The _____________ model of health promotion recognizes that behavior doesn't occur in a vacuum but instead acknowledges that there is a reciprocal relationship between health-related behaviors and the environments where people live, work & play. This model also acknowledges that the environment includes different subsystems and emphasizes the relationships between them A. Ecological B. Biomedical C. Social D. Psychosocial

A. Ecological

Which of the following do you think would NOT be an example of a social protection floor? A. First aid training courses B. Free lunch programs at elementary schools C. Unemployment assistance D. Disability benefits

A. First aid training courses

The evaluation plan should be developed AFTER you start the project/program. A. True B. False

B. False

In Everett Massachusetts, the mayor's office established a multi-sector multicultural alliance to begin to hash out issues and concerns about structural racism. Which level of strategy development to address health disparities did the mayor's office initiate by developing the multi-sector multicultural alliance? A. Fostering coalitions and networks B. Influencing policy and legislation C. Changing organizational policies D. Educating providers

A. Fostering coalitions and networks

Which of the following are attributes or characteristics of health promotion? A. Health promotion includes efforts that involve involuntary behavior change B. The focus of health promotion efforts is the community & populations C. Health promotion often aims to influence the antecedents of behavior D. Health promotion utilizes measure that extend beyond education (ie advocacy, law, mass communication)

A. Health promotion includes efforts that involve involuntary behavior change B. The focus of health promotion efforts is the community & populations D. Health promotion utilizes measure that extend beyond education (ie advocacy, law, mass communication)

A person who unconsciously and routinely sits further away from persons of Y race than X race is likely expressing __________bias. This is a type of ________________ bias. A. Implicit, personally mediated B. Explicit; personally mediated C. Explicit, internalized D. Implicit, internalized

A. Implicit, personally mediated

Which of the following is NOT true about health education? A. It often encourages people to act more healthy, even if they aren't aware of the behavior change B. Health education focuses on the transmission of information, such as raising awareness or improving knowledge C. It is easier for the more economically advantaged to follow through with health education D. In most cases, health education is necessary but not sufficient for improving health behavior

A. It often encourages people to act more healthy, even if they aren't aware of the behavior change

(True or False) With regards to health promotion, the Ottawa Charter of 1978 is noted for providing a definition of health promotion and health promotion action while the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 is noted for proclaiming that that 'health is a fundamental right for all.' A. True B. False

A. True

Although Health Promotion can include Health Education, it can also involve methods beyond education, like policies or community efforts A. True B. False

A. True

Of all the determinants of health, the social determinants of health play the biggest role in health inequities A. True B. False

A. True

Once you begin to implement a program, you should be flexible and make any needed modifications to the plan/design that was created. A. True B. False

A. True

Suppose a recent study found that among men ages 60 - 70 years old, Latinx, White, Black and Asian men had similar rates of normal blood pressure. This would be an example of achieving 'Health For All.' A. True B. False

A. True

While primary prevention aims to prevent the initial occurrence of the disease, tertiary prevention aims to provide effective rehabilitation. A. True B. False

A. True

Examples of structural racism include: A. Predatory banking B. Differential resource allocation by race C. Answer Implicit bias D. Answer Over valuation of contributions

All of the above

Which of the following statements is TRUE about health literacy? A. "Health literacy" means essentially the same thing as "literacy" B. Critical health literacy skills can be oriented toward social and political action C. Although most adults in the U.S. have high health literacy, interventions can target those with low health literacy D. Improving reading and writing skills can facilitate social mobilization

B. Critical health literacy skills can be oriented toward social and political action

You have developed a program with the goal to reduce the rate of STIs among college students. You want to evaluate the number of program participants know how to properly use a condom after attending the program. Which evaluation would be best for you to perform? A. Process evaluation B. Impact evaluation C. Outcome evaluation

B. Impact evaluation

In 2015, the city of New Orleans required all casinos to be smokefree. This is an example of a health promotion effort targeting... A. Biology/genetics B. Policies C. Individual behavior D. Health services

B. Policies

Which of the following is(are) characteristic of 'population health?' A. Population health strategies are for patients of a specific hospital or provider practice or enrollees of a health insurance plan rather than the overall population or subpopulation B. Population health strategies typically address needs that are influencing health problems such as housing, food access and safety from violence C. Population health approach to data is to use it to identify health disparities and inequities and selecting strategies that will improve health for all groups D. Includes the distribution of health outcomes for an overall group of patients or health plan enrollees

B. Population health strategies typically address needs that are influencing health problems such as housing, food access and safety from violence C. Population health approach to data is to use it to identify health disparities and inequities and selecting strategies that will improve health for all groups

Whereas _____ focuses on everyone getting the exact same thing, _____ is about making sure people get access to the same opportunities. A. equity; equality B. equality; equity C. Primary prevention; secondary prevention D. Secondary prevention; primary prevention

B. equality; equity

Not smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity and limiting alcohol consumption are examples of _________________________. A. Primary healthcare B. Risk behaviors C. Health behaviors D. Tertiary Prevention

C. Health behaviors

(Select all that apply) As defined in the Ottawa Charter, which of the following are included in the definition of Health Promotion? A. Achieving good health is the objective of living B. It focuses exclusively on the process of enabling people to improve their health; this does not include helping individuals to increase control over or cope with their environments C. Health is not just the responsibility of the health sector D. Goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing

C. Health is not just the responsibility of the health sector D. Goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing

Which type of needs assessment technique should you use when you want to explore individual beliefs, practices, experiences and attitudes in greater detail? A. Observation B. Key informant interviews C. In-depth Interviews D. Focus group discussions

C. In-depth Interviews

Which of the following correctly orders programs in terms of: primary; secondary; tertiary? A. rest and hydration during duration of the flu; antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms; flu vaccines available on campus B. antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms; rest and hydration during duration of the flu; flu vaccines available on campus C. flu vaccines available on campus; antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms; rest and hydration during duration of the flu D. flu vaccines available on campus; rest and hydration during duration of the flu; antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms

C. flu vaccines available on campus; antiviral drugs taken at the first sign of flu symptoms; rest and hydration during duration of the flu

Which of the following is an example of a resource objective? A. By the end of the program, 75% of children who attended will know how to properly wash their hands. B. To increase the percent of children ages 4 to 14 who get sufficient sleep from 65% to 70% by 2030. C. Reduce the rate of all-cause mortality among adults with diagnosed diabetes from 15.2 to 13.7 deaths per 1,000 persons by 2030. D. Increase the proportion of adults with broadband access to the Internet from 55% to 60% by 2030.

D. Increase the proportion of adults with broadband access to the Internet from 55% to 60% by 2030.

Which of the following is true about primary prevention? A. It focuses on subgroups at the highest risk B. It focuses on disease and conditions in clinical populations C. It is usually more expensive, in the long run, than tertiary prevention D. It focuses on preventing diseases from occurring in the first place

D. It focuses on preventing diseases from occurring in the first place.

A pamphlet on the importance of handwashing reads as follows: "Rub your hands vigorously for at least 20 seconds. Remember to scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails." What is one way this could be improved to help audiences with low health literacy? A. Include more information about how and when to wash hands B. Cite peer-reviewed research studies on the impact of handwashing on germ reduction C. Include information about the risks of not washing hands D. Use more simple language

D. Use more simple language

Whereas a person's physical activity (e.g., how much they exercise) is a ______, it is not a _________. A. Social factor; physical factor B. Physical factor; social factor C. social determinant of health; determinant of health D. determinant of health; social determinant of health

D. determinant of health; social determinant of health

In your own words, in 3 or fewer sentences, explain why social protection floors can impact health equity.

Example answer: In your own words, in 3 or fewer sentences, explain why social protection floors can impact health equity.

Low-income individuals, on average, have poorer health than high-income individuals. There are likely many intermediaries of this relationship. For example, low-income individuals may not have as much access to healthy foods. Please provide another example of a possible intermediary, and explain how it links low income with poor health. Use 3 or fewer sentences.

example answer: Low-income individuals may not be able to receive good affordable health care due to the expensive price of good health insurance. This could lead to them developing preventable conditions, resulting in poorer health.