Public Rhetoric and The Rhretoric (Chapter 22)

Rhetoric

- discovering all possible means of persuasion

Pathos

- emotional proof - comes from the feelings the speech draws out of those who hear it

Inartistic Proofs

- external evidence the speaker doesn't create - testimonials of witnesses or documents (letters, contracts)

Deliberative Persuasion

- future - political speaking

Artistic Proofs

- internal proofs that contain logical, ethical or emotional appeals - "I have a dream" speech

Logos

- logical proof - comes from the line of argument in a speech - enthymeme and example

Forensic Persuasion

- past - courtroom speaking

Ethos

- perceived credibility - comes from the speakers intelligence, character and goodwill toward the audience as these personal characteristics are revealed through the message

Epideictic Persuasion

- present-day - ceremonial speaking

Public Rhetoric

- speaking context where the speaker has an opportunity to monitor and adjust to the response of his or her immediate audience - an ability to see the available means of persuasion

Canons of Rhetoric

- the principal divisions of the art of persuasion established by ancient rhetoricians - invention, arrangement, style, delivery and memory

5 Canons of Public Rhetoric

1. Invention - discovering of convincing arguments 2. Arrangement - organization of material for best impact 3. Style - selection of compelling and appropriate language 4. Delivery - coordination of voice and gestures 5. Memory - mastery and rehearsal of content

The Rhetoric

Rhetoric is the art of discovering all available means of persuasion. A speaker supports that probability of a message by logical, ethical, and emotional proofs. Accurate audience analysis results in effective invention; arrangement; style; delivery; and, presumably, memory. (Rhetorical tradition)

"A typical enthymeme is missing a..."

conclusion, major premise or minor premise because it is already accepted by the audience

"An _____________ is an incomplete version of a formal deductive syllogism."

enthymeme

"Aristotle called a ceremonial speech that heaps praise or blame on another for the benefit of present day audiences..."

epideictic

"Aristotle refers to the speaker's credibility as a matter of..."

ethos

"Aristotle believed _________ was the most important proof a successful speaker could use"

ethos, logos and pathos

"An audience that believes a speaker has their best interest at heart is being persuaded by..."

goodwill

"Aristotle's belief that good speakers know when and how to use emotion in their remarks is represented in his discussion of..."

pathos

"Practical wisdom and shared values are part of ethos in that they enhance..."

perceived intelligence

"If a scholar focused on the skillful use of a metaphor, she or he would be interested in..."

style

"An audience that believes what a speaker says because they believe he or she is an honest person is focusing speakers ethical proof that conveys..."

virtuous character