Public Speaking - 16, 17

Value

"To persuade my audience that college should adhere to stricter standards when investigating and deciding cases of sexual assault on campus" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ________.

Avoid sweeping conclusions not justified by the specific instances

According to your textbook, when reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, it is particularly important to _____.

terminal credibility

Audience members were unsure about the credibility of Jim Gilchrist, founder of the minuteman project border patrol group, when he came to speak on campus. as he spoke, he built his credibility by using high-quality evidence and relating to the concerns of his audience. after the speech, students agreed they would like to have him visit campus again for a round table discussion. according to your textbook, the credibility that Gilchrist produced by the end of his speech is called ____________ credibility.

Terminal

Evidence and reasoning are the two major elements of persuasion that Aristotle called ________.

answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism

If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is it most important for you to do in your speech?

Plan

Luke's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Fixing what's wrong with veterans' healthcare will take more than just money. We need an independent management firm to digitize the system's records and come up with a method for scheduling appointments within a reasonable amount of time. Once those changes are in place, an independent panel should perform annual unscheduled inspections of all VA healthcare facilities.Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Luke address in this excerpt?

need, plan, practicality

Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. They are _____.

Burden of proof

The ________ is the obligation of a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

Problem-solution

The following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follows which pattern of organization? I. A growing body of research shows that e-cigarettes pose a health risk to young people. II. The risk can be reduced by banning e-cigarette advertising and eliminating the sale of e-cigarettes to minors.

Value

"To persuade my audience that doctor-assisted suicide is a morally acceptable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ________.

Fact

"To persuade my audience that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields can cause serious health problems" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ________.

Low initial credibility

A local landlord with a reputation for failing to return security deposits at the end of a lease has been invited to present his viewpoint at a meeting of the local tenants' union. to everyone's surprise, the landlord accepts the invitation despite the fact that he will be facing an audience with a decidedly negative view of his integrity. what factor will the landlord have to overcome if his speech is to have any chance of being persuasive

The conviction and sincerity of the speaker

According to your textbook the strongest source of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking is _____.

Mental dialogue

According to your textbook, persuasion is a physiological process in which listeners engage in a _______ with the speaker.

All of the above

According to your textbook, persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to _____. a. make sure their goals are ethnically sound b. learn about all sides of an issue c. present their evidence fairly and accurately d. all of the above

Slippery slope

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you let the postal service eliminate Saturday delivery, then it's only a matter of time until there's no mail delivery at all.

Appeal to novelty

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you want the most reliable air conditioner, you always should buy the newest model.

Appeal to tradition

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We've been using pennies for more than two hundred years. We can't get rid of them now!

Either-or

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? You can either double the size of the police department or let criminals roam the streets.

Pathos

Appeals to audience emotions such as fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as

Ethos

What contemporary researchers term credibility, Aristotle termed _______.

anological reasoning

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? A sexual encounter with someone who does not consent to it is rape. A person who is incapacitated by alcohol cannot consent to sex. Therefore, a sexual encounter with a person incapacitated by alcohol is rape.

What is true in one case will also be true in a similar case

When reasoning analogically, you infer that ______.

Casual reasoning can be tricky because the relationship between causes and effects is not always clear

Which of the following does your textbook say about casual reasoning?

Ad Hominem

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Councilman Stewart's recommendations for a wind farm might work, but do you want to take advice from a man who was caught cheating on his wife?

Problem-solution

The following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follows which pattern of organization? I. Childhood obesity is a serious health crisis in the United States II. Childhood obesity is caused by a range of factors from poor nutrition to lack of exercise.

Hasty generalization

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? My Volkswagen constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate's Mazda. We can see, then, that all foreign cars are unreliable.

False Cause

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? Recent studies have shown that hurricanes with female names result in more deaths and injuries than hurricanes with male names. So if the next hurricane to come your way is named Mary, you can be sure it will be worse than one named Mark.

Bandwagon

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Every presidential administration in recent memory has engaged in questionable fundraising activities, so I don't see any reason why it is wrong for the current administration to do so.

Red Herring

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can you worry about cruelty to animals when spousal abuse occurs every day?

A specific conclusion is true because it is verified by a general principle

According to your textbook, trying to prevent the use of drugs by criminalizing them is like trying to prevent the use of alcohol through prohibition in the 1920s - doomed to failure from the beginning. history should have taught us by now that when people want something badly enough, they will find a way to get it, whether it is legal or not.

Casual reasoning

According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? U.S. children raised in two-parent families with incomes below the poverty line have a greater incidence of school absences, lower test scores, and less chance of finishing high school than do children raised in one-parent households with incomes at least 10 percent above the poverty line. We can see, therefore, that it is the economic stability of the family, not its family structure, that determines a child's ability to succeed in school.

Derived

Developer Martin Cray had low credibility when he began his speech to a neighborhood group opposed to a new shopping center he hoped to build. During the speech his credibility went up because the audience was impressed by his command of facts and willingness to work with the neighborhood on plans for the center. According to your textbook, everything Martin said and did during the speech is called ______ credibility

Need

Julio's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Although shortages of prescription drugs have declined between 2011 and 2018, these shortages are still harming patients, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In a 2018 survey of emergency physicians, the American College of Emergency Physicians found that 9 out of 10 of these physicians face shortages of drugs in their emergency departments. Emergency physicians explain that when these drugs are not available, they must use second-best options, which are often less effective.Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Julio address in this excerpt?

Target audience

Luna wanted to convince the technology department at her company to install new account software. Some staff members supported the change, a few were opposed, and most were undecided. Luna realized that the undecided group was her, _______, so she focused most of her effort on them.

Problem-cause-solution

The following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follows which pattern of organization? I. Nuclear power is a better alternative to fossil fuels than solar and wind energy because it is more powerful. II. Nuclear power is a better alternative to fossil fuels than solar and wind energy because it is more reliable. III. Nuclear power is a better alternative to fossil fuels than solar and wind energy because it requires less land.

Fact, value, policy

The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of ______.

reasoning from specific instances

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? In the 1770s the American colonists boycotted British tea and had a big impact on British trade. In 1993 manufacturers in Bangladesh released 150,000 child laborers as a result of threatened boycotts against their products. More recently, Colgate has stopped animal testing for its personal care products in response to consumer boycotts. It is clear from these examples that boycotts have long been used as an instrument of social change.

A lawyer arguing for the acquittal for her client

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?

Develop vivid examples

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?

To persuade my audience that the college should adopt an honor code

Which of the following purpose statements from a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement?

To persuade my audience to decrease the amount of electricity they use during the summer in order to persuade black outs

Which of the following specific purpose statements is from a persuasive speech seeking immediate action?

Monroe's Motivational Sequence

Which organizational pattern is especially effective for persuasive speech that seek immediate action by listeners?

Practicality

While attempting to persuade her audience to volunteer for a community literacy program. Sabrina provided evidence that volunteering takes only two hours a week and that employers look for volunteer service on resumes from job applicants. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Sabrina address in this section of her speech?