Public Speaking Chapter 9
The most effective order of main points in a speech depends above all on your topic, purpose, and
audience
A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the causes of domestic violence and its effects on society" would most likely be arranged in __________ order
causal
Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major steps in setting up a home aquarium"
chronological
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the history of the Tower of London
chronological or spatial
When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in
chronological order
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of the speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Let's pause for a moment to see what we have found thus far. First we have seen that America's criminal justice system does not effectively deter crime. Second we have seen that prison programs to rehabilitate criminals have failed
internal summary
While working on the body of your speech, you realize that the steps of the process you just explained are fairly complex. You decide that you need to review those steps before moving on to the next main point. To accomplish this task, you would probably add a(n
internal summary
If the following transition were used in a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. Now that I've told you about declining voter involvement in this country, let's look at what we can do about it
problem-solution
Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. Beijing and other major Chinese cities are plagued by massive traffic jams. II. To combat the problem, officials have reduced the number of days a car can be driven each week
problem-solution
According to your textbook, "My second point is . . ." is an example of a(n
signpost
According to your textbook, "So, how can we protect our Internet data from potential hackers?" is an example of a(n
signpost
According to your textbook, a phrase such as "Be sure to keep this in mind . . ." that focuses attention on a key idea in a speech is called a(n)
signpost
A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience how outbreaks of bird flu move from region to region" would most likely be organized in __________ order
spatial
According to your textbook, how well a speech is organized likely will influence
how clearly the audience understands the speech; how the audience views the competence of the speaker
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the anatomy of the human ear. I. The outer ear includes the ear flap and the ear canal. II. The middle ear includes the eardrum and three tiny, interconnected bones. III. The inner ear includes the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve. These main points are arranged in __________ order
spatial
Which of the following does your textbook recommend for preparing main points
balance the amount of time given to each main point; try to use the same pattern of wording for each main point
According to your textbook, transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts are examples of
connectives
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In discussing solutions to the problem, we will look in turn at what can be done by our state, by our local communities, and by each of us in this room
internal preview
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So, first, to what extent will you be protected by wearing a seatbelt
signpost
According to your textbook, brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called
signposts
How do the following main points for a speech about the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett violate the guidelines presented in your textbook for organizing main points? I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American children. II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching. III. In the early 20th century, Wells-Barnett expanded her activities
the main points don't divide the topic constantly
After discussing the first main point in his speech on sustainable agriculture, Rasheed said: So far, I have explained the problems associated with our present agricultural system. Next, I will explain what sustainable agriculture is and why it is superior to the current system. According to your textbook, what type of connective did Rasheed use
transition
Having worked in the personnel department of a local retailer, Violet decided to give her informative speech on how to have a successful job interview. In moving from one of her main points to another, she said: Now that we've seen how important the handshake is in creating a first impression, let's move to the way eye contact can make or break your interview. What kind of connective did Violet use in this statement
transition
Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving on to another are called
transitions
As your textbook explains, signposts are especially useful for
focusing attention on key ideas; indicating exactly where you are in a speech
A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the steps involved in the process of making ice cream" would most likely be arranged in __________ order
chronological
According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech
It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points
The __________ is the longest and most important part of the speech
body
Because of his family's medical history, Alan decided to give his informative speech on sickle-cell anemia. When he finished work on the speech, it had the following main points. I. Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary blood disease caused by abnormal blood cells. II. The effects of sickle-cell anemia include liver damage, blindness, paralysis, and early death. Alan's main points were arranged in __________ order
causal
Here are the main points for a speech on the Mayan civilization of Central America. I. The Mayan civilization flourished for more than a thousand years until 900 a.d., when it mysteriously began to disintegrate. II. Scientists have advanced three major explanations to account for this disintegration. These main points are arranged in __________ order
causal
Here are the main points for a speech on the subject of hearing loss. I. Hearing loss can be caused by genetic and environmental factors. II. Hearing loss can lead to significant changes in a person's daily life. These main points are arranged in __________ order
causal
Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points. I. Caused by the bite of infected mosquitoes, West Nile virus has spread throughout the United States. II. The effects of West Nile virus include flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling of the brain, and, in some cases, death
causal
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the causes and effects of the erosion of America's seacoasts
causal
Here are the main points for a speech about the history of golf. I. The game we know as golf originated in Scotland during the 15th century. II. Most of golf's rules and traditions developed during the 19th century. III. Professional golf tours for men and women emerged during the 20th century. IV. Today golf continues to evolve in response to changes in equipment. According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order
chronological
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the civil rights movement. I. The 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education helped spark the modern civil rights movement. II. In 1963, nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, dramatically increased support for the civil rights movement. III. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act was passed, marking the major legislative achievement of the civil rights movement. These main points are arranged in __________ order
chronological
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of chocolate: I. Chocolate was originally used in Mexico as a drink by the Aztecs. II. Chocolate was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. III. Chocolate was first made into candy during the 1800s. IV. Chocolate's popularity and uses continue to expand today. These main points are arranged in __________ order
chronological
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of the @ symbol. I. The first recorded use of the @ symbol was in 1536 to represent units of wine. II. In later centuries, the @ symbol was used to mean "at the rate of" or "at the cost of." III. Today's @ symbol came into use in 1971 in the first e-mail ever sent. These main points are arranged in __________ order
chronological
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the process of drying and storing garden herbs. I. The first step is to rinse the herbs. II. The second step is to dry the herbs. III. The third step is to strip the dried leaves. IV. The fourth step is to store the herbs properly. These main points are arranged in __________ order
chronological
If the following connective were used between the last two main points in an informative speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. So far we have seen that the earliest roller coasters were developed in Russia and by the mid-1920s were very popular throughout the United States. Today, U.S. amusement parks attract millions of visitors because of their adventurous roller coasters. Let's take a look now at what the future holds for roller coasters
chronological
Jackson had been a rodeo fan since childhood. In his informative speech, he gave a presentation with the following main points. Jackson's points were arranged in __________ order. I. Rodeos began in the Old West as contests of skill among cowboys during cattle roundups. II. By 1920, rodeos had become a popular spectator sport for the general public. III. Today, rodeos combine traditional western events with a circuslike atmosphere and the marketing techniques of big business
chronological
Sheila had been making pottery for several years. In her informative speech, she gave a presentation with the following main points. I. The first step in making pottery is preparing the clay. II. The second step in making pottery is shaping the clay. III. The third step in making pottery is decorating and glazing the clay. IV. The fourth step in making pottery is firing the finished product. Sheila's points were arranged in __________ order
chronological
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the steps involved in starting an online business
chronological
Which of the following does your textbook recommend for preparing main points
devote each main point to a seperate aspect of the topic
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In discussing the extent of the problem, we will look at the number of parents who don't vaccinate their children, the reasons they give for their decision, and the number of children who have become sick or died as a result
internal preview
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In discussing the problem of childhood asthma, we shall look at the symptoms of the disease, its causes, and current treatments
internal preview
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In order to get a better understanding of how the proposed copper mine will harm the environment, we shall consider its effects on the land, its effects on the water, and its effects on wildlife
internal preview
While working on the body of your speech, you see the need to let the audience know what the upcoming subpoints will be. You decide to add a(n
internal preview
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of which kind of connective? As we have seen so far, ignorance about the disease and how it spreads, cultural norms that make it nearly impossible for women to protect themselves, and rampant poverty all contribute to the rapid growth of AIDS among women in Africa
internal summary
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of which kind of connective? Let's take a moment to go over what we have found so far. First, we have seen that firearm sales at gun shows too often put weapons in the hands of criminals. Second, we have seen that there is almost no accountability for gun-show dealers who sell to criminals
internal summary
After discussing the first main point of her speech on the exploration of Mars, Jeanne said: Let's take a moment to recap. To this point we have seen that scientists have made important discoveries about the terrain of Mars, including its channels, basins, and polar caps. Now let's move on from the terrain of Mars and look at the planet's atmosphere. According to your textbook, what type of connective did Jeanne use
internal summary; transition
Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing __________ speeches
persuasive
A soccer player herself, Jenine is very concerned about the growing number of serious injuries at all levels of the sport. When the time came for her persuasive speech, she presented a speech with the following main points: I. In the past ten years serious soccer injuries have risen dramatically among players of all ages and skill levels. II. The best way to control this problem is through changes in rules and training. Jenine's main points were arranged in __________ order
problem-solution
Here are the main points for a persuasive speech about the environmental hazards created by discarded computers. I. Discarded computers have become a major source of lead and radiation pollution in landfills. II. Solving this problem requires government regulation and personal action by consumers and businesses. These main points are arranged in ____________ order
problem-solution
Here are the main points for a persuasive speech on low adult literacy. I. Low adult literacy has reached crisis proportions in the United States. II. Solving the problem requires action by government and individual citizens alike. These main points are arranged in __________ order
problem-solution
Here are the main points for a persuasive speech on the dangers of a cyber attack on the U.S. power grid. I. The nation's electrical power grid is in increasing danger of a cyber attack that would shut down the country. II. This problem can only be solved by extensive cooperation between government and industry. These main points are arranged in __________ order
problem-solution
If the following connective were used between the two main points of a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. Now that we have seen how the U.S. is facing a shortage of qualified teachers, let's turn to steps that should be taken to remedy the situation
problem-solution
If the following connective were used between the two main points of a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. We've seen the costs to our economy of dependence on foreign oil; now let's look at some solutions
problem-solution
Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. Many citizens are victimized every year by incompetent lawyers. II. A bill requiring lawyers to stand for recertification every 10 years will do much to help solve the problem
problem-solution
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should install cameras at problem intersections to deal with the problem of motorists who run red lights
problem-solution
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience to support stricter drug testing for college athletes"
problem-solution
According to your textbook, what organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. The outermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the entrance passage. II. The next section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the antechamber. III. The third section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the treasury. IV. The innermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the burial chamber.
spatial
Adriana's informative speech about different kinds of coffee had the following main points. I. Coffees grown in South America are known for their acidic taste. II. Coffees grown in Africa are known for their earthy taste. III. Coffees grown in Asia are known for their well-balanced taste. What method of organization did Adriana use for her main points
spatial
Here are the main points for a speech about the components of a medieval coat of armor. I. The head was protected by a helmet. II. The torso was protected by shoulder pieces, palates, a breastplate, a skirt of tasses, and a tuille. III. The arms and hands were protected by brassards, elbow pieces, and gauntlets. IV. The legs and feet were protected by cuisses, knee pieces, jambeaux, and sollerets. These main points are arranged in __________ order
spatial
Here are the main points for a speech about the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. I. The frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain. II. The parietal lobe is located in the middle of the brain. III. The temporal lobe is located on the bottom of the brain. IV. The occipital lobe is located in the back of the brain. These main points are arranged in __________ order
spatial
Here are the main points for a speech about the impact of climate change: I. Climate change has had a major impact in North America. II. Climate change has had a major impact in South America. III. Climate change has had a major impact in Europe. IV. Climate change has had a major impact in Asia. V. Climate change has had a major impact in Africa. These main points are arranged in __________ order
spatial
If the following internal summary were used in an informative speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. On our tour of campus thus far, we have moved from the student union on the east side of campus and around the perimeter. We've taken in the engineering campus on the north, the design college on the west side, and the school of education on the south
spatial
Which method of organization is used in the following main points? I. The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is about as thick as a sheet of paper. II. The middle layer of the skin, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. III. The innermost layer of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, is by far the thickest layer
spatial
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major geographical regions of the Philippines"
spatial
Which organizational pattern would probably be the most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "The three parts of an insect's body are the head, the thorax, and the abdomen
spatial
When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in
spatial order
How do the following main points for a speech about how to determine the value of a baseball card violate the guidelines presented in your textbook for organizing main points? I. The first factor determining the value of a baseball card is the fame of the player. II. The second factor determining the value of a baseball card is the age of the card. III. The third factor determining the value of a baseball card is the rarity of the card and the physical condition of the card
the main points don't each deal with a separate aspect of the topic
How do the following main points for a speech about the major steps involved in a successful job interview violate the guidelines for main points presented in your textbook? I. The first step is preparing for the interview before it takes place. II. Presenting yourself well during the interview is also important. III. After the interview, you need to follow up
the main points don't use a similar pattern of wording
A speech about the equipment used in the sport of ice hockey should probably use __________ organization
topical
Here are the main points for a speech about the methods used by Feng shui consultants. I. Feng shui consultants use light cures to redirect energy. II. Feng shui consultants use sound cures to generate new energy. III. Feng shui consultants use weight cures to bring feelings of stability. IV. Feng shui consultants use living cures to nourish life and growth. These main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for a speech explaining the reasons for the current shortage of teachers. I. Teachers are leaving the profession because of low pay. II. Teachers are leaving the profession because of excessive bureaucracy. III. Teachers are leaving the profession because of inadequate facilities. These main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for a speech persuading the audience to become literacy tutors. I. You should volunteer as a literacy tutor because it helps children. II. You should volunteer as a literacy tutor because it strengthens the community. III. You should volunteer as a literacy tutor because it is personally rewarding. These main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about legendary radio host Casey Kasem. I. As a radio personality, Casey Kasem was best known for hosting the show American Top 40. II. As a television personality, Casey Kasem was best known for performing the voice of Scooby-Doo's friend Shaggy. According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the accomplishments of Leonardo da Vinci. I. As a painter, da Vinci produced the Mona Lisa and other masterpieces. II. As an inventor, da Vinci drew plans for a parachute and a flying machine. III. As an astronomer, da Vinci concluded that the earth revolves around the sun. These main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the book To Kill a Mockingbird. I. To Kill a Mockingbird was the first, and only, novel written by Harper Lee. II. To Kill a Mockingbird won a Pulitzer Prize for literature and became a modern classic. III. To Kill a Mockingbird has been banned by some public schools because of its themes. According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the major categories of dog breeds: I. The working dogs do rescue, police, herding, and guide jobs. II. The hound dogs are hunters that specialize in small animals. III. The terrier dogs make good watchdogs. IV. The toy dogs are primarily house pets. These points are organized in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the major kinds of fireworks: I. Skyrockets explode high in the air, producing the most dramatic effects of all fireworks. II. Roman candles shoot out separate groups of sparks and colored flames with a series of booming noises. III. Pinwheels throw off sparks and flames as they whirl on the end of a stick. IV. Lances are thin, colorful fireworks used in ground displays. These points are organized in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the three most common types of learning. I. Auditory learners do best with when new material is explained to them. II. Visual learners do best when new material is written down. III. Kinesthetic learners do best when they take a hands-on approach to new material. According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order
topical
Here are the main points for an informative speech on hydrogen fuel cells. I. Hydrogen fuel cells were developed to provide a highly efficient form of energy. II. Hydrogen fuel cells produce power through an electrochemical reaction involving hydrogen gas. III. Hydrogen fuel cells provide an economically and environmentally superior method of powering motor vehicles. These main points are organized in __________ order
topical
If the following connective were used before the third main point of an informative speech about charter schools, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. Now that we have looked at the origins and the philosophy of charter schools, let's look at what they are accomplishing
topical
What organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the central idea "Estate taxes should be retained because they preserve opportunity for all, because they help reduce the U.S. budget deficit, and because they are consistent with American values of fairness and justice
topical
Which of the following organizational patterns is used more than any other method of speech organization because of its applicability to almost any subject
topical
Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. As a social worker, Jane Addams founded the settlement house movement in Chicago. II. As a reformer, Jane Addams campaigned for child-labor laws, unemployment compensation, and better public sanitation. III. As a suffragist, Jane Addams fought to give women the vote. IV. As a writer, Jane Addams is best known for her autobiographical Twenty Years at Hull House
topical
Which organizational pattern is used in a speech with the following the main points? I. Soda lime glass is used in almost all ordinary glass products. II. Lead crystal glass is used mostly for luxury glass products. III. Heat resistant glass is used for cooking and scientific products
topical
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the central idea "There are five basic positions of the feet in ballet
topical
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major commercial uses of drones
topical
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the three major principles of Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence"
topical
Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the four factors that make a classic car collectible
topical
A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience how to take pictures like a professional" would most likely be arranged in __________ order
topical or chronological
A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the major features of the Empire State Building" would most likely be organized in __________ order
topical or spatial
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In addition to helping people in need, working as a hospital volunteer provides you with valuable job experience
transition
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Now that we have learned about the history of Mormonism, let's consider its major beliefs
transition
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? We have spent a lot of time talking about the problem of computer viruses. Now let's look at some solutions
transition
Now that we have seen the causes of unrest in central Africa, we shall turn to their effects . . ." is an example of a(n)
transition
Your textbook recommends each of the following for preparing main points except
use a different pattern of wording for each main point