Public speaking Chp 1-5

Principle 4: "Listen and Respond"- Thoughtfully to Others

- Be other-oriented by taking special care to listen to both the verbal and nonverbal messages of others. - Be deliberate in how you provide feedback to those whom you are listening.

Principle 5: ADAPT-Appropriately adapt messages to others.

- Use your listening and nonverbal communication skills to help you appropriately adjust both your message and how you communicate. - Make ethical choices about how to best formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals.

Principle 2: VERBAL-Effectively use and interpret verbal messages

- use clear and precise words to explain ideas and concepts to others - Make concerted effort to accurately interpret the words of others.

principle 1: AWARE-be aware of your communication with yourself and others.

-Be aware of your intrapersonal communication -Be conscious of how your interpersonal communication or self-talk has an effect on your communication with others and your overall communication behavior. - Be aware of the communication behavior of others.

Principle 3:NONVERBAL- Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages.

-use nonverbal, unspoken cues to express feelings and emotions to others or to modify the explicit verbal messages you are communicating to others. - Make a conscious effort to actually decode the nonverbal messages of others

Five fundamental principles of communication

1. Aware-Be aware of your communication with yourself and others 2. Verbal-Effectively use and interpret verbal messages 3. Nonverbal-Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages 4. Listen and respond-thoughtfully to others 5. Adapt-Appropriately adapt messages to others

Explain three communication modules

1. Communication as action: message transfer- communication takes place when a message is sent and received. (Early model) 2. Communication as Interaction: Message exchange- uses the same elements as the action model but adds two new elements, feedback and context. (later model) 3. Communication as Transaction:Message Creation- Acknowledges that when we communicate with another, we are constantly reacting to what our partner is saying and expressing, while still emphasizing feedback and content.

What are the six ways for developing a supportive communication climate?

1. Describe your own feelings rather than evaluate others. 2.Solve problems rather than control others. 3. Empathize rather than remain detached from other. 4. Be flexible rather than rigid towards other. 5. Present yourself as an equal rather than a superior. 6. Stick to the present situation and avoid gunny-sacking.

Explain why it's important to study communication

1. To obtain a good job 2. Enhance the quality of your relationships 3. Improve your physical and mental health

Epithet

A descriptive name or phrase used to characterize someone or something

Symbol

A word, sound, gesture, or visual image that represents a thought, concept, object, or experience.

mediated communication

Any communication that is carried out using some channel other than those used in face-to-face communication.

Kara's friend states that she did not understand what Kara meant by her previous statement. Kara restates her message by giving an example that is personally relevant to her friend. Kara's behavior best illustrates which of the principles of communication?

Appropriately adapting your message to others.

Kimesha listens privately to her iPod on the way to campus and wears her university T-shirt to class for her Friday lab. Kimesha is expressing her thoughts and feelings through which of the following?

Clothing

mass communication

Communication accomplished through a mediated message that is sent to many people at the same time.

The terms feedback and context are introduced in which of the communication models?

Communication as interaction

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning listening?

Effective listeners are other-oriented

homophobic language

Language that overtly denigrates persons of nonheterosexual orientations, usually arising out of a fear of being labeled gay or lesbian.

heterosexual language

Language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if homosexuality or bisexuality did not exist.

As the text relates, leaders of major corporations believe that _____ is the most important skill for workers to have.

Listening

In the textbook, the primary distinction between the definition of communication and human communication involves _____.

Making sense of the world.

When you Facebook to communicate with a friend, you are utilizing ______ communication.

Mediated

Noah is listening to Leah tell a story about what happened in class yesterday. The two are engaging in which actions?

Noah is decoding and Leah is encoding.

Prior to class, Ralitza received a phone message alerting her to call home immediately. As a result of receiving this message, Ralitza is unable to focus on the class discussion. Which component of the communication process does this describe?

Noise

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is most accurate about nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal messages may be intentional or unintentional.

Gunnysacking

Occurs when people store up old grievances and then dump them on their partner during a conflict.

Which of the following is an example of presentational communication?

Oprah Winfrey delivering a graduation speech.

Even though Conner felt strongly about his position on the matter, he included all opposing views in his presentation because he knew his audience consisted of people who felt differently than he did. Conner is demonstrating the idea of being ______?

Other-oriented

humblebrag

acting like your being modest, but you are really just showing off (bragging)

Describe the major ways in which language reveals bias about race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability.

Our language often reveals our bias. Monitor your language to avoid bias in these categories: race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability.

What are the two uses of language that breed hostility?

Polarization-when people describe things in extremes or opposites, as though there were no middle ground. Trigger words- forms of language that trigger our emotions, in both positive and negative directions.

The aspect of communication that focuses on how something is said and offers cues about the emotions, attitude, and amount of power the speaker directs toward others, is describing the ____?

Relationship dimension

Tonya shook her head in agreement and smiled when Steve suggested they go out for dinner. Tonya is using ____ to communicate her message?

Symbols

Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal communication?

Telling your roommate about a personal problem.

communication competence

The ability to communicate successfully.

relationship dimension

The aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotions, attitudes, and amount of power and control the speaker directs toward others; how something is said.

Dr. Johnson posts an announcement on her course web page that she is administering an exam on Thursday. On Thursday, she is surprised to find that over half of her students did not prepare for the exam or did not study the correct material. This misunderstanding illustrates what aspect of communication competence?

The message should achieve its intended effect.

According to communication scholar Osmo Wilo, which of the following is true about communication?

The more communication there is, the more difficult it is for communication to succeed.

content dimension

The new information, ideas, or suggested actions that a communicator wishes to express; what is said.

source

The originator of a thought or emotion who puts it into code that can be understood by a receiver.

context

The physical, historical, and psychological communication environment.

Communication

The process of acting in information

Encoding

The process of translating ideas, feelings, and thoughts into a code.

Rhetoric

The process of using symbols to influence or persuade others; discovering the available means of persuasion in a given situation.

Feedback

The receiver's response to a message

language

The system of symbols (words or vocabulary) structured by rules (grammar) that makes it possible for people to understand one another.

Polorization

The tendancy to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground existed.

small group communication

The transactive process of creating meaning among three to about fifteen people who share a common purpose, feel a sense of belonging to the group and exert influence on one another.

bafflegab

The use of unnecessarily long or complicated words that other people do not understand

adapt

To adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated; to make choices about how best to formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals.

Many of us are sensitive to the rhythm of relationships nd communication with key people in our life.

True

Describe the nature of communication in the 21st Century

We commonly use various forms of media to communicate, either asynchronously or synchronously.

ID five primary ways in which words have power.

Words can create and label our experience, communicate our feelings, affect our thoughts and actions, shape and reflect our culture, make or break our relationships.

co-culture

a culture that exists within a larger cultural context

Rule

a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts

neologism

a new term introduced into a language

Expectancy Violations Theory

a theory that suggests that we develop rules or expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated

Allness

a word barrier created through the use of language that reflects unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences or variations

other-oriented

being focused on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one's personal integrity

artifact

clothing or another element of appearance (e.g. jewlery, tatoos, piercings, makeup, cologne.)

Asynchronous

communication in which messages are sent and received at different times

nonverbal communication

communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

lexicon

dictionary

indignant

feeling, characterized by, or expressing strong displeasure at something considered unjust, offensive, insulting, or base:

trigger words

forms of language that arouse strong emotions in listeners

generic language

general terms that stand for all persons or things within a given category

supportive communication

language that creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance

sexist (exclusive) language

language that reveals bias in favor of one sex and against another

concrete meaning

meaning that refers to something that can be perceived with one of the senses

abstract meaning

meaning that refers to something that cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the senses

In most instances when verbal and nonverbal message sld we believe the verbal or nonverbal?

nonverbal

unambiguous

not open to more than one interpretation

ambiguous

open to more than one interpretation

channel

pathway through which messages are sent

concerted

planned or performed in cooperation with others

synchronously

simultaneously, concurrently

Ethics

the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong

Culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

denotative meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

receiver

the person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense of what the source has encoded

connotative meaning

the personal and subjective meaning of a word

Human Communication

the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages

perception checking

the skill of asking other observers or the person being observed whether your interpretation of his or her nonverbal behavior is accurate

Kinesics

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication. Human movements, gestures, and postures.

Health Communication

the study of communication that has an effect on human health

Organizational communication

the study of human communication as it occurs within organizations

denigrate verb

to attack the character of; to mock

List two reasons why its important to study verbal communication.

words are powerful, they affect your emotions, thoughts, actions, and relationships, as well as how you're perceived by others. The better choice of language, the better your overall communication skill and your relationships.

message

written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning

Define communication and describe five characteristics of the communication process.

Communication is the process of acting on information. Human communication is the process of making sense out if the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through nonverbal messages. 1. inescapable 2. irreversible 3. complicated 4. Governed by rules 5. emphasizes content and relationships

The model of communication referred to as " human communication as action" may be summarized with the phrase

Communication takes place when messages are sent and received

interpersonal communication

Communication that occurs simultaneously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships.

presentational communication

Communication that occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to inform, persuade, or entertain them.

interpersonal communication

Communication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions.

impersonal communication

Communication that treats people as objects or that responds only to their roles rather than to who they are as unique people.

The fact that we communicate nonverbally, even when we may not intend to to do, demonstrates that communication is?

Inescapable

noise

Interference, either literal or psychological, that hinders the accurate encoding or decoding of a message.

Another word for decoding is?

Interpreting

defensive communication

Language that creates a climate of hostility and mistrust.