Public Speaking Final

When you argue that a new parking garage should not be built on campus because the grass has not been mowed on the football field for three weeks, you are guilty of a

D) non sequitur

In a speech to the neighborhood watch group, Mr. Simmons made the following statement: "If you see someone running down the sidewalk in our neighborhood and you don't recognize that person, you can assume that person has committed some type of crime. You must act immediately. Don't hesitate for a second. Call 911." Some members of the audience recognized this statement as an example of

a) a causal fallacy

At the monthly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce, a representative from a local tour bus company makes a presentation about the economic advantages of using her company's services for visiting dignitaries. What kind of special-occasion speech is this?

a) a public relations speech

When giving a speech about recycling, Dolores said, "I took a beer bottle to the recycling center, but they wouldn't take it. They said "This is the pint of no return."What humorous verbal strategy did Dolores engage in?

a) a pun

What is the difference between a purpose statement and a central idea?

a) a purpose statement focuses on audience behavior, while a central idea focuses on the content of the speech

Deanna makes the claim in her persuasive speech that unregulated car emissions in major urban areas worldwide contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, which contributes to global warming. Which type of organizational pattern is reflected in this example?

a) cause-effect

An informative speech about an event typically follows the ___ pattern of organization.

a) chronological

An effective way to keep an audience's attention is to tell a story. According to your text, what are three elements that make a good story?

a) conflict, action, suspense

The statement "Osama bin Laden was responsible for the September 11 tragedy," is a proposition of

a) fact

Speeches that you present will be either to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. This goal for your speech is known as its

a) general purpose

Your _____ is the overarching goal of your speech.

a) general purpose

What is the best way to ensure that your introduction introduces the subject of your speech?

a) include a statement of the central idea in the introduction

The process of changing or reinforcing a listerner's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is

a) persuasion

A(n) ____ is a statement that summarizes the ideas with which a speaker wants an audience to agree

a) proposition

In his speech about date rape on college campuses, Ryan cites statistics from state and county law enforcement documents; then he includes statistics from incidents on his own campus. Which principle of selecting the best supporting material is Ryan using?

a) proximity

In an introduction, you may ask a question that doesn't require a response but makes the audience think about your topic. This is a(n) ___ question

a) rhetorical

A _____ is a public discussion during which the members of a group share responsibility by presenting a series of short speeches to an audience.

a) symposium

What does your textbook say regarding the use of hypothetical illustrations in a speech?

b) Make sure your audience knows from the beginning that your illustration is hypothetical

President George W Bush, in eulogizing President Reagan, stated when Ronald Reagan was a child he "knew the world as a place of open plains, quiet streets, gas-lit rooms, and carriages drawn by horses." Which language device was President Bush using when he said "carriages drawn by horses"?

c) He was using inversion

In his speech about volunteering for the American Red Cross, Jacob used a lot of slang, sat and leaned on the table in front of the class, and was dressed very casually. Which of the following statements BEST describes this situation?

c) Jacob ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal than conversation

One of the best ways to prepare for a Q & A session is to anticipate the questions you may be asked. According to the text, how should you anticipate questions?

d) by analyzing your audience, thinking of possible questions those particular listeners might ask, and then rehearsing your answers.

Bianca began her speech with a vivid description of the typical waiting area in an emergency room of a public hospital. After completing the description, she began to discuss why emergency rooms have come to represent a critical problem within the health care system. What organizational patter can you detect in Bianca's speech?

d) cause-effect

When Elizabeth was asked to be the after-dinner speaker for the senior honors dinner, she responded with great enthusiasm. She viewed this as an opportunity to reflect on their past years at college to bring a smile to her fellow seniors' faces, to make them feel the excitement of the event, and to help them enjoy themselves. In this situation, Elizabeth would be speaking to

d) entertain

____ involves relating an incident that takes an unexpected turn at the end

b) wit

A renowned philanthropist and well-respected national speaker gave the commencement address at Audrey's graduation ceremony. He spoke of his concerns about rising crime rates for juveniles, of the problem of gang violence, and about crimes against women. Was this appropriate content for a commencement address?

b) No, because he didn't praise, inspire, or challenge the graduating class.

Dana opens her speech against abortion by putting up a transparency that shows a graphic image of an aborted fetus. Is this an effective opening?

b) No; this type of graphic material may disgust and repel the audience

In developing her speech on scuba diving, Rachael is trying to decide whether or not to tell the audience in her introduction that she has been a diver since she was a freshman in high school. She wonders if this will help or hurt her credibility. What textbook advice applies here?

b) Rachael should give a brief, credibility-building explanation of her experience with the topic

in Daryl's speech on football, he tells the audience in the introduction that he is going to discuss the history of the sport, some of the rules, and the benefits of playing football on cardiovascular fitness. What type of signpost is Daryl using?

b) a preview

Which of the following is an example of a speech about an object?

b) a speech about vintage clothing

A three-part argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion is known as

b) a syllogism

The statement , "Now is the time for determination, decisiveness, and dedication" employs what linguistic device?

b) alliteration

What is an anecdote

b) an entertaining story or illustration

Our likes and dislikes are represented by our

b) attitudes

A speaker who gathers information about listeners, analyzes this information, and adapts his or her speech to them is demonstrating the idea of a(n)

b) audience-centered speaker

The _____ fallacy suggests that because everyone else believes something or is doing something, that it must be valid, accurate, or effective.

b) bandwagon

In the introduction to your speech, a good way to establish your credibility is to

b) be well-prepared and confident

"Three reasons Lewis wrote the Narnia stories are to connect the 'pictures' he visualized in his head, to write an engaging story for children, and to make a larger point about Christianity" This statement is an example of a ___ in an informative speech

b) central idea

When attempting to discover whether you and your audience members have similar cultural characteristics, are about the same age, and have relatively the same education level you are trying to establish

b) common ground

It is important in an introduction to build trust with the audience, to have them believe you and like you. This is known as developing speaker

b) credibility

Joe is a former world weight lifter and professional body builder. He is preparing an informative speech on the abuse of steroids in physical fitness. Through his personal experiences, what quality can Joe add to the presentation of his speech?

b) credibility

One of the empowering resources that you develop by studying public speaking is ___, which involves analyzing information to judge its accuracy and relevance

b) critical thinking

The process of reasoning from a general statement or principle to a specific, certain conclusion is known as

b) deductive reasoning

Classical rhetoricians called the process of developing an orderly speech

b) disposition

In a crowded arena, you notice that when others laugh, clap, or cheer on the speaker, you are more likely to follow along with their actions. This is an example of ______ theory

b) emotional contagion

Having the resources, information, and attitudes that lead to action in achieving a desired goal is called

b) empowerment

Given the task of preparing a speech, Susan decides to speak from an outline that can help her sound conversational and spontaneous. She wants to be able to adapt her remarks to the feedback she receives from the audience. She also wants to make more eye contact with the audience. What method of delivery will be best, given Susan's speech goals?

b) extemporaneous speaking

In a ____ presentation, audience members direct questions and comments to a group, and group members respond with short impromptu speeches

b) forum

An audience member is worried about an upcoming exam and is unlikely to remember much of what the speaker says. This is a type of ____ noise.

b) internal

Discussing your speech topic with someone who is knowledgeable on the subject is a method of gathering support material which is known as

b) interviewing

"Deforestation by lumber interests and toxic-waste dumping are major environmental problems in the United States today." What is wrong with this central idea?

b) it contains more than one idea

Social _____ theory categorizes listener responses to a persuasive message according to latitude of acceptance, latitude of rejection, or latitude of noncommitment

b) judgment

When using a literary quotation as supporting material, it is best to

b) keep the quote brief

Janet saw on the news where a family of seven children perished in a house fire - it was also revealed that the house did not contain smoke detectors. As a result she developed a persuasive speech stating that this tragedy can be avoided in everyone's home with the simple installation of a smoke detector. Janet was using which kind of proposition for her central idea?

b) proposition of fact

The ___ is decided solely by the speaker since it depends on the behavioral change the speaker expects from the audience at the end of the speech

b) specific purpose

Janet's introduction contained the following remarks: "How many of you know someone who has tried to quit smoking, successfully or unsuccessfully? Have any of the smokers in this audience tried to quit? Well, if you have tried to quit and failed, you are among the 20 percent of Americans who have tried to quit multiple times. A few months ago I tried to quit, for the umpteenth time, but this time I made it. I'd like to tell you exactly how I made it." Which of the following statements is accurate about this intro?

c) Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of questions to the audience, statistical information, and a personal reference

_____ is a theory that suggests people can be persuaded by logic, evidence, and reasoning, or through a more peripheral route that may depend on the credibility of the speaker, the sheer number of arguments presented, or emotional appeals.

c) The elaboration likelihood model of persuasioin

When speakers attempt to persuade without adequate evidence or use arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate, they are using

c) a fallacy

When using brief illustrations, it is often stronger to use

c) a series of them

When a persuasive speaker attacks the person supporting an issue rather than the issue itself, which fallacy is the speaker committing?

c) ad hominem

What is the term for a conclusion reached based on available evidence or partial information?

c) an inference

One way public speaking and convnersation are similar is that both

c) are audience-centered.

What two criteria are most important when making a speech of introduction?

c) be brief and accurate

When explaining the progress of molecular discoveries. Shanthan began by discussing Mendel's 1866 studies about inheritance of biological traits in peas, ending with recent information about the human genome project. Which pattern of organization did Shanthan employ in his speech?

c) chronological

When speaking to inform, the speaker's primary goals are to

c) enhance understanding, gain interest, and ensure that the audience will remember what was said

Lawrence is a climatologist and was asked to participate in an informal group presentation with other scientists in which a moderator encourages the scientists to engage in an informed dialogue on the issue of climate change. Lawrence does not have to prepare a formal speech for the presentation, but has decided to prepare some notes on key facts and statistics that he can use during the discussion. Lawrence will be participating in a

c) panel discussion

When Reverend Jesse Jackson says, "We must relate instead of debate; we must inspire instead of retire; and we must repair instead of despair," what linguistic device is he using?

c) parallelism

As a Roman teacher of public speaking, Quintilian felt that effective public speakers should be

c) people of good character

When Kiko reviewed the main points in her informative speech, she walked to the front of the room, decreased her volume, made sure to articulate each word clearly, and paused dramatically between each point. What technique of enhancing audience recall did Kiko effectively employ?

c) reinforcing key ideas nonverbally

Without uttering a word, an audience can be quieted by holding up the palm of your hand to calm a noisy crowd. This is the nonverbal function of

c) substituting

Using a key word or phrase at the end rather than the beginning of a sentence, such as in the statement "She's an inspiration, a best friend, and a teacher; she's also my mom" is a stylistic device known as

c) suspension

David decided to present his informative speech on "How to Give the Heimlich Maneuver." He opened by recounting how he saved his younger brother's life when his brother was choking on gum he had accidentally swallowed. Which of the strategies to maintain audience interest was David utilizing?

c) tell a story

A situational audience analysis includes an examination of the

c) time and place of your speech, the size of your audience, and the occasion

Fear appeals are most successful _____

c) when you can convince your listeners that they have the power to make a change that will reduce the threat

How many main ideas does the text suggest you should have in your speech?

d) 2 to 4

To determine how to subdivide your central idea into key points, you should ask which of the following questions?

d) Does the central idea have logical divisions?

____ is the term Aristotle used to refer to logic - the formal system of using rules to reach a conclusion.

d) Logos

On the first anniversary of Ronald Reagan's death, the Reagan family and a group of close friends gathered at the Reagan Library to talk about Ronald Reagan's life and accomplishments. Then former President George H.W. Bush gave a brief speech at the occasion. What is the textbook term for this speech

d) a commemorative address

Sheena presented her informative speech on the life of Marie Curie. She had decided to cover Curie's early life and marriage, her scientific achievements despite the prejudice against her as a woman, and finally, the importance of Curie's discoveries on our lives today. She concluded her introduction by previewing all the main points, then used an internal summary as a transition to each of the main ideas. In her conclusion, she summarized her main ideas, emphasizing the importance of Marie Curie's life. What strategy to enhance audience recall was Sheena using?

d) build in redundancy

Montriece stood before a room filled with high school seniors and their parents. In his introduction he stated, "I come before you today, not as a financial consultant, but as a former college student myself. It has been some time since I've been in a college classroom as a student, but I can clearly remember the financial struggles of being a student. Today, I'm going to present to you five ways you can cut costs for a college education." This would be a good opening for his audience because he

d) established a motive for the audience to listen further

When Ramone spoke about the need for regular health check-ups, he was so knowledgeable, so sincere, and so energetic in his delivery that everyone responded quite positively to his speech. What aspect of good persuasive delivery did Ramone demonstrate?

d) ethos

Audience members who place more importance on nonverbal than verbal messages are likely from ____ cultures; whereas those placing more emphasis on what was said than the nonverbal messages are likely from ___ cultures

d) high context; low context

According to the text, when gathering supporting material, you should make sure that it is

d) interesting, relevant, and memorable

What Greek term is used to describe the circumstances surrounding a speech or the occasion for a speech?

d) kairos

The underlying internal force that drives us to achieve our goals is

d) motivation

In a speech about preparing oneself for the death of a loved one, Amber made repeated reference to "Death, the unwanted stranger at the door." She hoped to create a sense of drama for her audience, while at the same time getting them to seriously consider her points. What figure of speech did Amber use in her presentation?

d) personification

___ refers to the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal

d) rhetoric

"At the end of my speech, the audience should be able to state three reasons C.S. Lewis wrote The Chronicles of Narnia" This statement is an example of a ___ in an informative speech

d) specific behavioral purpose

Reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way, moving an audience to action, and restating the main ideas are all functions of the

d) speech conclusion

In an introduction, proximity refers to

d) the degree to which the information directly affects the audience

One strategy for creating cadence is

d) to use parallelism in sentences or phrases