Public Speaking Final Exam

Schultze Reflection 5

1. A speech that is well-crafted should have three artistic standards: thematic unity, expressiveness, and situational fit (p.57). Thematic unity has three types of logic: simple logic, dialectical logic, and problem-solution logic (p. 58-61). Expressiveness deals with verbal and nonverbal expressions(p.62-66). Situational fit deals with audience fit, event fit, and available time (p.66-70). 2. The simple logic is "developing a thesis with one or more logically supporting subpoints that will connect with the audience" (p.58). Dialectical logic is "developing both the pros and the cons of a thesis to show that the pros are more convincing than the cons" (p.59). Problem-solution logic is stating a problem that an audience likely faces and then showing how the thesis offers a reasonable solution to that problem" (p.60). Regardless of which logic is used, a speech "should be easy to follow with an engaging introduction, point-to-point transitions, and a conclusion that restates the thesis and clarifies what the speaker would like the audience to know, believe, or do" (p.62). 3. A speech should always have verbal and nonverbal expressions. Some nonverbal expressions that can be used in speeches are: "arm-hand gestures, smiles, and eye contact" (p.63). Verbal expressiveness uses a louder voice to signify or emphasize something important and doesn't use "verbal fillers, such as um, ah, ya know, like, kinda, .... and sometimes and" (p.65). "Nonverbal and verbal expressions are critically important for connecting with audiences" (p.66). 4. Audience fit deals with appropriate "topics, illustrations, gestures, and vocal styles" in certain situations (p.67). Event fit deals with speeches that fit in a specific event or occasion. Available time deals with respecting the audience's time and practicing staying within the time limit (p.70). 5. "Storytelling enlivens and illustrates a speech" (p.72). Stories are: "the most engaging mode of human communication, roomy [which] can be adapted to many purposes, and offer wonderful possibilities for [expressiveness]" (p.70). You can get stories everywhere and every day (p.70-71).

Schultze Reflection 3

1. Fear is can destructive. The fear of public speaking (speech apprehension) can affect even the most gifted speakers (p. 34). Fear can be helpful, but we sometimes need to face our fears head-on so it can't be destructive (p.34). 2. We can overcome the fear with God's help (p.35-37). We don't need to overcome all the fear but reduce it (p.37). God does not except perfection from us, only faithfulness (p.37). 3. Excessive ego is found in self-righteous and self-centered speech (p. 37). It is not much of a problem for new speakers, but quick to grow for audience-pleasing speakers (p.37). It can happen when a person gets a taste of flattery (p. 37). 4. Excessive egos can cause hard-hearts, stubbornness, and pride (p.38). It becomes hard to follow God's commands (p.38). It may cause to put down others (p.38). It can be very destructive. 5. Public speaking is much more than mastering skills (p. 41). We often look for magical techniques to ease the load or solve speaking problems (p. 41). New techniques can be used to serve God and neighbor, but don't it as a quick trip to solve speaking problems (p. 42).

Schultze Reflection 6

1. God-talk is expressing God's revealed wisdom (p.74). God-talk addresses who God is, who we are as humans, what has gone wrong with God's good creation (p.74). As servant speakers, we should first listen and talk with others to clarify what they believe, and then determine why, when, and how to use God-talk(p.75). When speaking to non-Christain audiences, believers should replace explicitly religious words, like sin, with words that provide common ground for discussions (p.76). 2. Doubt-talk is speaking within the limits of human knowledge (p.76). Doubting some of our own rhetoric helps us be honest and accountable (p.77). Whenever we go beyond our control beliefs, we should check our sources (p.77). 3. Honest-talk is avoiding intentional deception (p.77). Slander is speaking falsely about someone to a third party and libel is writing falsely about someone (p.79). The purpose of the commandment was not just to discourage deception but also to encourage telling the truth (p.79). 4. There are three things that involved not intentionally deceiving in a speech and they are plagiarism, fabrication, justifiable deception (p.79-80). Plagiarism is passing off someone else's ideas and expressions as one's own (p.79). Fabrication is making up data, examples, findings, or other information, and it can be unintentional (p.79-80). To avoid unintentional fabrication, check secondary sources to primary sources and check the creditability of the sources (p.80). Deceptions can be justifiable in situations when telling the truth might lead to catastrophic results (p.80). 5. Straight-talk is using clear, plain language (p.81-82). Speakers need to be aware of their audience's ability to grasp complicated material (p.82). Straight-talk generally draws in an audience (p.83).

Listeners should evaluate evidence in terms of Select one: A. accuracy, reputation, and credibility of the source. B. personal biases held about the topic. C. the speaker's delivery. D. personal feelings toward the speaker.

A. accuracy, reputation, and credibility of the source.

Schultze Reflection 7

1. Our ethos and persona should show our Christians virtues. "Mouth and heart are meant to work together in communication" (p.86). The Christian virtues that Paul describes are in Gla. 5:22 and they are love, peace, joy, gentleness, kindness, goodness, patience, and self-control. 2. We should joyfully serve the audience because the audience might be more intuitive and might give pleasure to the audience. "Servant peaking is a gift, [servant speakers] joyfully serve their audiences as neighbors" (p.87). As servant speakers, we should "connect pleasingly with audiences rather than frustrate or irritate [the audience]" (p.88). Also, as servant speakers, we should create and give peace, and not start wars or purposely hurt others. 3. Being a good servant speaker means that we are patient and wait for God's timing, not our own timing. We can achieve being a good servant speaker by "avoiding corners by setting aside time for researching, crafting, and rehearsing each presentation, [but also] deliver speeches patiently and wait on God's timing" (p.90). We must show "sincere kindness towards others" (p.91). We do this by "honoring others in verbal and nonverbal actions" (p.91). 4. As servant speakers, we "should be good-hearted [and not] do anything inappropriate"(p.93). We can be good-hearted servant speakers by using "audience-sensitive words and examples" (p.92). "Gentle speakers are mild-mannered toward audience-neighbors"(p.93). We should show and be gentle towards others because "gentleness is one kind of loving [others]" (p.93). Servant speakers are "faithful speakers [that trust God] to guide their work, speak through us, and guarantee worthwhile results" (p. 94). Not only do we need to be faithful to God, but we also need to "be faithful to ourselves, both by believing in our God-given abilities to serve others and by following through on the promises we make to ourselves to serve them" (p.95). 5. 5. Self-control helps speakers "regulate their communication" and "self-censorship of what they are [saying]" (p.95). Self-control also calls [servant speakers] to listen to [themselves] as [they] speak, editing [themsleves] as [they] hear the words developing in [their] minds before uttering [the words]" (p.95).

Schultze Reflection 4

1. There are three forms of listening that we do or need to do as humans. One is listening vertically to God (p.45). The second is listening horizontally to other people (p.45). The final form of listening is listening internally to ourselves to overcome our weaknesses and to develop our individual servant strengths (p.46). 2. The deepest kind of knowing, wisdom, requires knowing God personally (p.46). Wisdom can be described as personal knowledge of God's "first meanings" or control beliefs (p.46). Christians must "renew language" or a lot of terms can become stale and meaningless to people (p.47). We, as Christians, must not fall into the trap to be preachifiers (p.47-48). 3. Horizontal listening requires listening to two categories of people: first the authorities and the audience (p.48). Listening to authorities helps us know what we are talking about and the audience helps us adapt the content and style to fit our purpose (p.48). Both of these types of listening are called research which is separated into two categories primary and secondary research (p.48-49). Any of the three major speeches-informing, pleasing, and persuading- requires research (p.49). 4. Primary research is firsthand listening that is from the authorities and audience and sometimes ourselves (p.49). Secondary research is are already primary sources that are interpreted (p.50). Secondary research can from popular- which radio, TV programs, newspapers, magazine articles, and mass-market books- and academic media which is scholarly journals and books (p.50-51). The best speeches appeal logically to audience members' minds and emotionally to their hearts, or equal the same amount of both when need in a speech (p.51-53). 5. Listening to ourselves is critically important for loving others as ourselves (p.53). Self-listening requires stripping away layers of self-denial and dialoguing with ourselves; so, we can discover more of our weaknesses and strengths (p.53). Listening openly to ourselves, including how others respond to us, helps us learn from our successes and our failures (p.54).

Schultze Reflection 2

1. We are all have the gift of language. We are more than just speaking to each other verbal or nonverbal (p.21). Language is our primary way of communication (p.22). 2. Human communication was based on human "response-ability" to God's command (p.27). For us to be speakers of God's Word, we need to be obedient to God's commands (p.27). The Hebrew word for "listen" comes from "obedience" (p. 27) 3. We need to people accountable for our own actions and words (p.28). Verbal and nonverbal language equips us to be God's servants (p.29). "Our speech should benefit" others (p.29) (Eph 4:9). 4. Our words have consequences like our actions (p. 30). We can bring life or bring death with our speech weather verbal or nonverbal. For example, telling someone that they are smart; can bring them up (give them life) or telling someone that they are ugly, or a disappointment can bring them down (give the death). 5. Servant speaking is a special calling for us to be "responsible" (p. 32). By speaking life, we can speak to others as we would like to be spoken to (p.32). It may not always be easy, but the goal is to be worthy of our calling (p.32).

Schultze Reflection 1

1. We are called to love each other. As Christians, need to serve others with our God-given gifts. We need to be representatives to everyone, not just the church. 2. Democratic societies help Christians identify and share the city of God. We need to use the freedom of speech wisely. With the freedom of speech, we can grow as a community. 3. As Christians, we need to our public responsibilities along with our spiritual responsibilities. We need to be open about our faith. We need to also defend our faith, but still show love to each with our actions and words. 4. Sometimes in our lives we need to speak up for each other. Moses and Jesus are good examples for speaking up for someone. We need to know when to get involved in a situation and not stick our noses in other peoples' business unless given permission. 5. We need to speak in Multicultural communities. Cultural differences can offer opportunities to grown and learn from each other. We can interact with neighbors to get connected and spread to the Word.

The thesis statement, the theme or central idea of a speech, should be expressed in the form of Select one: A. a single, declarative sentence. B. a single, interrogative sentence. C. a single, rhetorical question. D. a short paragraph of declarative sentences.

A. a single, declarative sentence.

All communication events include Select one: A. a source and a message. B. only a message. C. a transmittal device. D. none of the above.

A. a source and a message.

Outlines are based on the principle of Select one: A. coordination and subordination. B. general and specific purpose. C. primacy and recency. D. topic selection.

A. coordination and subordination.

Construction noise or competing conversations are examples of Select one: A. external distractions. B. internal distractions. C. defensive listening. D. inattentiveness.

A. external distractions

To inform, to persuade, and to mark a special occasion are the three types of Select one: A. general purposes. B. specific purposes. C. thesis statements. D. speech occasions.

A. general purposes.

Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of ______ sources. Select one: A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. chronicle

A. primary

Which of the following is not a type of secondary source? Select one: a. books b. biographies c. surveys d. periodicals

B and C. biographies, surveys

Which of the following is not a reputable watchdog site? Select one: A. FactCheck B. Wikipedia C. PolitiFact D. Fact Checker

B. Wikipedia

Active listening is Select one: A. a vague, abstract multistep process. B. a focused, purposeful multistep process. C. a time-consuming one-step process. D. an active and engaging one-step system.

B. a focused, purposeful multistep process.

Which of the following is a Greek word meaning character? Select one: A. logos B. ethos C. pathos D. mythos

B. ethos

The audience's response to a message is referred to as Select one: A. shared meaning. B. feedback. C. the medium. D. decoding.

B. feedback

When selecting a speech topic, a speaker should first consider which of the following as a guide? Select one: A. speech time limit B. his or her interests C. current issues D. historical events

B. his or her interests

Presenting a "cut-and-paste" of someone else's material as your own is called Select one: A. unethical behavior. B. plagiarism. C. misrepresentation. D. legal borrowing.

B. plagiarism.

All of the following are reasons to cite sources during your speech except Select one: a. to gain credibility. b. to make a speech longer. c. to avoid plagiarism d. to demonstrate the quality and range of your research.

B. to make a speech longer.

An effective speech should be organized around ______ main points. Select one: A. one or two B. two or three C. four or five D. seven or eight

B. two or three

Communication between two people is called Select one: A. mass communication. B. small group communication. C. dyadic communication. D. public speaking.

C. dyadic communication.

If a medical doctor gives cutting-edge information on the threat of high cholesterol, she is providing which type of supporting material? Select one: A. narrative material B. lay testimony C. expert testimony D. all of the above

C. expert testimony

Which of the following is not one of the five canons of rhetoric? Select one: A. arrangement B. delivery C. persuasion D. memory

C. persuasion

Discerning listeners accept supporting materials as legitimate if the speaker Select one: A. is well dressed. B. speaks convincingly. C. provides credentials establishing the sources as reliable and credible. D. cites only the publication name and date.

C. provides credentials establishing the sources as reliable and credible.

Which of the following represents the process a message goes through when it is received and interpreted? Select one: A. channel → receiver → decoding B. source → receiver → encoding → decoding C. source → encoding → receiver → decoding D. source → receiver → channel

C. source → encoding → receiver → decoding

When narrowing a topic, the speaker should consider Select one: A. the time limit for speaking. B. the speech purpose. C. the amount of time available for research. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above

The conclusion should be about _______ of the length of the entire speech. Select one: a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 30 percent d. 50 percent

The correct answer is: 10 percent

_________ points in an outline are of roughly equal importance and weight in the speech. Select one: a. Subordinate b. Coordinate c. Indented d. Supporting

The correct answer is: Coordinate

What is an effective strategy for addressing a counterargument? Select one: a. Ignore it, even if somebody raises it directly. b. Craft an ad hominem attack at the person behind it. c. Introduce new evidence to demonstrate that it's outdated. d. Raise your voice and act belligerently.

The correct answer is: Introduce new evidence to demonstrate that it's outdated.

Groups prone to groupthink typically exhibit which of the followingbehaviors? Select one: a. Participants reach a consensus and avoid conflict, but without genuinely agreeing with each other. b. Members who do not agree with the majority of the group are not pressured to conform. c. Disagreement, difficulty questions, and counterproposals are encouraged. d. More group effort is spent testing the decision than rationalizing or justifying it.

The correct answer is: Participants reach a consensus and avoid conflict, but without genuinely agreeing with each other.

Several of Anne's closest friends celebrated their twenty-year friendship with her by delivering a series of short comical accounts of their relationship with Anne. Which type of special occasion speech did Anne's friends use? Select one: a. a toast b. a roast c. a euology d. an after-dinner speech

The correct answer is: a roast

Which of the following is a forum in which speakers deliver short speeches on different aspects of the same topic? Select one: A. a panel discussion. B. a symposium. C. a town hall meeting. D. none of the above.

The correct answer is: a symposium.

A team leader's responsibilities may include Select one: a. assigning group roles and tasks. b. assigning different research areas to team members. c. selecting team members to present the parts of the presentation. d. all of the above

The correct answer is: all of the above.

"His character plays a rocking, rolling, rip-roaring, raging role." This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques? Select one: a. simile b. metaphor c. epiphora d. alliteration

The correct answer is: alliteration

"A theory is like a set of glasses we put on to look through" is an example of Select one: a. a syllogism. b. an analogy. c. a rhetorical question. d. parallelism.

The correct answer is: an analogy.

In a group setting, a "blocker" is an example of a/an Select one: A. interpersonal role. B. maintenance role. C. task role. D. anti-group role.

The correct answer is: anti-group role.

The purpose of a speech introduction is to Select one: a. arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals. b. provide an in-depth discussion of the topic. c. provide the evidence for the audience to accept the thesis. d. challenge the audience to respond.

The correct answer is: arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals.

The clarity or forcefulness with which word sounds are made is known as Select one: a. colloquialism. b. regionalism. c. articulation. d. dialect.

The correct answer is: articulation.

To help your audience follow your speech do all of the following except Select one: a. preview main points in the introduction. b. avoid organizational patterns. c. use lots of transition words and phrases. d. employ rhetorical devices such as repetition and parallelism.

The correct answer is: avoid organizational patterns.

Boldface, underlining, and italics should Select one: a. be used as often as possible. b. emphasize both major and minor points. c. be used sparingly. d. never be used.

The correct answer is: be used sparingly.

To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement? Select one: A. topical. B. chronological C. circular. D. casual

The correct answer is: chronological

Successful group presentations require Select one: a. coordination of matching attire. b. a group that knows each other well. c. bonding activities. d. close cooperation and planning

The correct answer is: close cooperation and planning.

When delivering a eulogy, the speaker should be sure to Select one: a. avoid mentioning the deceased's family. b. focus on the circumstances of the death. c. show intense grief. d. emphasize the deceased's positive qualities.

The correct answer is: emphasize the deceased's positive qualities.

One of the most successful strategies a speaker can use in inspirational speaking is Select one: a. memorizing the speech. b. using charts and graphs. c. incorporating hypothetical examples. d. employing a dynamic speaking style.

The correct answer is: employing a dynamic speaking style.

Listeners are most likely to remember and act on a speech that Select one: a. uses many statistics b. ends with a strong conclusion. c. begins with a long introduction. d. uses a lot of humorous stories.

The correct answer is: ends with a strong conclusion.

Listeners can expect a lighthearted, amusing speech; they may also expect the speaker to offer a certain degree of insight into the topic at hand in a speech that strives to Select one: a. commemorate b. entertain c. inspire d. set a social agenda

The correct answer is: entertain

One key to achieving effective vocal variety is Select one: a. enthusiasm b. visual aids c. monotony d. pronunciation

The correct answer is: enthusiasm

You can increase the odds of successfully influencing your audience if you Select one: a. set lofty goals and expect major changes. b. describe how your message affects you personally. c. establish credibility to encourage audience trust. d. appeal to people with strong feelings about your topic.

The correct answer is: establish credibility to encourage audience trust.

In his speech about why people should buy used rather than new cars, Carlos provided the audience with information about his background as a used-car salesperson. Carlos employed which type of appeal? Select one: a. logos b. ethos c. pathos d. credos

The correct answer is: ethos

The function of a speech of acceptance is to Select one: a. express gratitude for the honor bestowed. b. react with surprise. c. question whether the speaker should have been given the award. d. describe the speaker's background and accomplishments.

The correct answer is: express gratitude for the honor bestowed.

Which type of delivery falls somewhere between impromptu and memorized? Select one: a. unpracticed b. manuscript c. extemporaneous d. oratory

The correct answer is: extemporaneous

Typefaces come in a variety of sets of sizes, or Select one: a. scripts b. sans scripts c. fonts d. serifs

The correct answer is: fonts

When a team member is delivering his or her part of the presentation, this is a good time for the other team members to Select one: a. maintain eye contact with the audience b. give their full attention to the speaker. c. ask the other team members how they did. d. give a "thumbs up" signal to their friends in the audience.

The correct answer is: give their full attention to the speaker.

A speaker who delivers a speech of introduction should avoid Select one: a. preparing for the speech. b. speaking briefly. c. giving an in-depth overview of the speaker's topic. d. providing background on the person being introduced

The correct answer is: giving an in-depth overview of the speaker's topic.

To establish nonverbal immediacy, a speaker should Select one: a. have an enthusiastic vocal delivery. b. use formal language c. use many presentation aids. d. distinguish himself or herself from the audience.

The correct answer is: have an enthusiastic vocal delivery.

Impromptu means Select one: a. improvised and unpracticed. b. enthusiastic c. lively and personal d. memorized

The correct answer is: improvised and unpracticed.

In which type of speech does the speaker challenge audience members to use what they have learned in a way that benefits them? Select one: a. transitional b. informative c. persuasive d. rhetorical

The correct answer is: informative

Speaking from a manuscript Select one: a. is useful when precise messages are required. b. encourages eye contact. c. encourages naturalness. d. is best in informal settings.

The correct answer is: is useful when precise messages are required.

When making an informative speech about ______, speakers should focus on raising awareness and deepening understanding rather than advocating one position over another. Select one: a. concepts b. issues c. objects or phenomena d. process

The correct answer is: issues

Productive conflict is Select one: A. issues-based. B. person-based. C. groupthink-based. D. motivation-based.

The correct answer is: issues-based.

The body of a speech consists of Select one: A. thesis statements and introductions. B. main points, supporting points, and transitions. C. specific purpose statements and internal summaries. D. a restatement of the thesis and statement of closure.

The correct answer is: main points, supporting points, and transitions.

In Mariam's presentation on her graduate school experiences she said, "Graduate school is an uphill battle." Mariam used which figure of speech? Select one: a. simile b. metaphor c. analogy d. alliteration

The correct answer is: metaphor

Creating a perception of psychological and physical closeness between speaker and audience is known as Select one: a. nonverbal distance b. body language c. nonverbal immediacy d. scanning

The correct answer is: nonverbal immediacy

The formal name for speaking from memory is Select one: a. oratory b. manuscript c. impromptu d. extemperaneous

The correct answer is: oratory

Directly asking members to contribute, redirecting the discussion, and setting a positive tone are three techniques that group leaders can use to encourage Select one: A. participation. B. groupthink. C. friendship. D. status differences.

The correct answer is: participation.

The appeal to audience emotion is termed Select one: a. logos b. ethos c. pathos d. credos

The correct answer is: pathos

Students who earn an A average on all speech assignments should be exempt from the final exam. This statement is a claim of Select one: a. value b. fact c. policy d. logos

The correct answer is: policy

To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement? Select one: a. topical b. chronological c. casual d. problem-solution

The correct answer is: problem-solution

During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her Select one: A. family background B. qualifications C. logos D. supporting materials

The correct answer is: qualifications

When a speaker compares two similar cases and implies that what is true in one case is true in the other, it is an example of Select one: a. reasoning by analogy. b. causal reasoning. c. deductive reasoning. d. faulty reasoning.

The correct answer is: reasoning by analogy.

When giving a speech with a digital presentation, you should Select one: a. read from your presentation verbatim. b. avoid eye contact with the audience. c. make the aid has flashy as possible to impress your listeners. d. remember that your primary mission is to communicate with your words.

The correct answer is: remember that your primary mission is to communicate with your words.

One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this specific purpose is Select one: a. repetition b. jargon c. analogy d. malpropisms

The correct answer is: repetition

In her presentation, Sandra encouraged her colleagues to reach their highest potential and take pride in their work. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need did Sandra appeal to? Select one: a. physiological b. social c. safety d. self-actualization

The correct answer is: self-actualization

When the body of a text is being read, which typeface is easiest on the eye? Select one: a. script b. sans script c. font d. serif

The correct answer is: serif

Special occasion speeches at fundraisers, campaign banquets, conferences, and conventions strive to Select one: a. commemorate b. entertain c. inspire d. set a social agenda

The correct answer is: set a social agenda

When designing a presentation aid, the speaker should focus on Select one: a. simplicity b. abstraction c. complexity d. diversity

The correct answer is: simplicity

An effective informative speech shows listeners Select one: a. why they should change their attitude about the topic. b. something they didn't previously know. c. the correct way to follow a procedure. d. why they should adopt a certain viewpoint.

The correct answer is: something they didn't previously know.

o explain the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement? Select one: a. topical b. problem-solution c. spatial d. casual

The correct answer is: spatial

Which method of speech delivery is not a natural way to present a message and may invite a mental lapse or block? Select one: a. extemporaneous speaking b. speaking from memory c. impromptu speaking d. speaking from manuscript

The correct answer is: speaking from memory

President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, in which he challenged Americans, "Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country," is an example of a Select one: a. speech of introduction. b. speech of inspiration. c. eulogy d. speech of acceptance

The correct answer is: speech of inspiration.

The various types of external evidence include Select one: a. statistics b. personal experiences c. the speaker's beliefs d. claims

The correct answer is: statistics

Previewing the speech in the introduction Select one: A. tells the audience the order in which the main points will be addressed. B. addresses the tone, rather than the organization, of the speech. C. often "gives away" the entire content of the speech. D. isn't a good idea unless you are trying to persuade the audience

The correct answer is: tells the audience the order in which the main points will be addressed.

An effective audience analysis requires that the speaker consider Select one: a. the style of clothing worn by audience members. b. whether or not the people in the first row look responsive. c. the interests and needs of the audience. d. the audience's past experiences with group presentations.

The correct answer is: the interests and needs of the audience.

In a speech of introduction, you should tell the audience something about Select one: a. the speaker's topics. b. the speaker's background. c. the speaker's attire. d. the meal they are enjoying.

The correct answer is: the speaker's background.

A speaker can feel confident that his or her delivery has a relaxed, natural quality if Select one: a. the message is presented with cheerfulness. b. the speaker's behavior is not overly theatrical in nature. c. the speaker focuses more on self and less on audience. d. the speaker has memorized every word of the speech.

The correct answer is: the speaker's behavior is not overly theatrical in nature.

The conclusion should not include Select one: a. a call to action b. key words c. words that inspire and motivate d. the speaker's credentials

The correct answer is: the speaker's credentials

All of the following are examples of transition techniques except Select one: a. signposts. b. internal summaries. c. internal previews d. thesis statements

The correct answer is: thesis statements

A small group is made of how many members? Select one: a. three to twenty b. five to ten c. two to three d. twelve

The correct answer is: three to twenty

Which of the following is a function of a special occasion speech? Select one: a. to make a compelling argument b. to change an audience's beliefs c. to celebrate d. to move the audience to action

The correct answer is: to celebrate

The goal of informative speaking is Select one: a. to decrease audience frustration and boredom. b. to influence attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors. c. to increase audience understanding and awareness. d. to persuade audience members to change their actions.

The correct answer is: to increase audience understanding and awareness.

To have the freedom to move points around according to the way the speaker wishes to present his or her topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement? Select one: a. topical b. chronological c. spatial d. causal

The correct answer is: topical

A well-organized speech is characterized by Select one: A. unity, coherence, and balance. B. unity, coordination, and balance. C. unity, subordination, and coherence. D. unity, coordination, and subordination.

The correct answer is: unity, coherence, and balance.

"Watching professional hockey is a better than watching professional basketball." This statement is a claim of Select one: a. value b. fact c. policy d. pathos

The correct answer is: value

Under which of the following conditions is being persuasive appropriate? Select one: a. when you seek to honor a person or an occasion b. when you seek to change an audience's behavior c. when you seek to have an audience understand a concept or process d. when you seek to increase an audience's knowledge about an event

The correct answer is: when you seek to change an audience's behavior

The conclusion of the speech should Select one: A. restate the purpose. B. introduce new information. C. leave the audience laughing. D. preview the next speech.

The correct answers are: restate the purpose., preview the next speech.

Facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all examples of Select one: a. main points. b. tranistions. c. supporting material. d. citations.

The correct answers are: supporting material., citations.

The ____ Amendment assures protection to both honest and dishonest speakers. Select one: a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth

a. First

Active listeners Select one: a. are often distracting to other listeners. b. usually set listening goals and listen for main ideas. c. ignore the speaker's nonverbal cues. d. apply the same goals to every speech.

b. usually set listening goals and listen for main ideas.

A speaker who is both honest and dependable has the quality of Select one: a. trustworthiness. b. reveals his or her true purpose. c. integrity. d. candor

a. trustworthiness

When preparing a speech, the speaker's first task is to select Select one: A. a topic and purpose of interest to the speaker. B. a topic chosen by the audience. C. a topic and purpose appropriate to the audience and occasion. D. a purpose appropriate to the topic.

c. a topic and purpose appropriate to the audience and occasion.

Part of audience analysis is considering _____ characteristics. Select one: a. thesis b. delivery c. demographic d. speaker

c. demographic

The____ speech purpose expresses exactly what the speaker wishes the audience to get from the speech. Select one: a. general b. initial c. specific d. ethical

c. specific

When listening for main ideas, a listener should Select one: a. ignore the speaker's organizational pattern. b. take into account only the introduction, transitions, and conclusion. c. take note of the speaker's key points. d. do none of the above.

c. take note of the speaker's key points.

Material that is common knowledge Select one: a. must be credited to avoid plagiarism b. should only be paraphrased to be ethical. c. is unlikely to be known by many people. d. does not require a citation.

d. does not require a citation.