Public Speaking Final Exam
What are three things you can do to be an ethical listener?
Three things you can do to be an ethical listener is prepare to listen, listen with his or her whole body, and pay attention.
(a) What are the main point sentences? (b) How many main point sentences did I say you needed to include in your speech and outline? (c) How many words did I say need to be included in the main point sentences?
a) Main point sentences are the topic sentences or main idea of the essay. b) You said we needed at least from 2 to 4 main point senteces in the body. c) You said that maint point sentences need to stay under 12 words.
(a) What role do transitions play in an outline? (b) Where are they located in the outline?
a) Lets the audience know that youre moving on without telling them. b) The transition is placed separately from the main point sentence and is longer than 3 words.
What distinguishes listening from hearing?
The physical process of sound being detected by your ear drum and communicated to your brain is referred to as hearing. Listening implies understanding exactly what the speaker is saying.
What are the 9 steps the books give for effective delivery?
1. Approach the podium as you rehearsed 2. Stand with confident posture 3. Deliver your brilliant opening 4. Realize you are a hit with the audience 5. Breathe 6. Spontaneously interject a humorous observation related to your topic 7. Make all your points without hesitation, "um's, " "like's," or "Uh's." 8. Deliver your brilliantly prepared conclusion. 9. Leave the podium to thunderous applause.
The chapter discusses the four functions of informative speeches on page 180. List and define those four functions.
1. Provide people with knowledge - The speaker imparts information, and this information is turned into knowledge. 2. Shape our perceptions - The presentations can affect how people see a subject by bringing it to light or may influence what is seen as important by virtue of directing attention to the subject. 3. Articulate alternatives - The speaker wants to make sure that the information he or she is conveying to the audience is as clear and understandable as possible. 4. Enhance our ability to survive and evolve - Our existence and safety depend upon the successful communication of facts and knowledge.
What are the personal, professional, and public benefits of enhancing your speaking skills?
Personal benefits of enhacing your speaking skills are fullfilling essential roles in our family and community. Also, another personal benefit is building self-confidence. Professional benefits of enhancing your speaking is making you more attractive to employers, enhancing your chances of securing employment and later advancing within your career. 70% of jobs today involve some form of public speaking. Public benefits of your speaking skills is helping you listen more carefully to and critically evaluate other's speeches, allow you to understand public dilemmas, form an opinion about them, and participate in resolving them.
What is the difference between the linear and transactional model of communication?
The difference between linear and transactional model of communication is the linear model of communication is a one-way process of transmitting a message from one person to another and transactional model of communication has a number of interdependent processes and components, including the encoding and decoding processes, the communicator, the message, the channel and noise, and is seen as a ongoing, circular process.
Explain four tips the book gives on how to prepare notecards.
You should at least have 15 or 20 notecards. You can type notes and paste them on to notecards. You should be able to glance at the cards, get your bearings, and look back at the audience. Be sure your note cards are numbered, so you can keep them organized.
Why did I say you should never include the word "I" or conjunctions or punctuation in your general purpose, specific purpose, thesis, and main point sentences?
You want to tell the audience what they will learn about your life without putting yourself in the center. Conjunctions connects to ideas using a word. no internal punctuation so for the writers in the building writers know how to ideas without using conjunctions.
(a) What are things you should not wear when giving a speech (according to the book).? (b) What should you wear when giving a speech (according to the book)?
a) 1. T-shirts, sweat shirts or sweat suits 2. Sleeveless tops 3. Printed logos or sayings (unless appropriate to the speech) 4. Caps or hats 5. Torn jeans 6. Visible underwear 7. Noisy or dangling jewelry 8. Flip flops 9. Provocative clothing 10. Pockets full of keys or change b) 1. A button-down shirt or blouse 2. Trousers (khaki or dark) or a skirt 3. A dress appropriate for a business setting 4. A nice sweater 5. Limited, tasteful jewelry 6. A suit or jacket may be appropriate 7. A tie or scarf (optional)
You should practice your speech out loud. Practice by speaking and listening to yourself, rather than writing, editing, and rewriting. When you do this you can answer three important questions. (a) What are those three questions? (see page 143). (b) What does it mean to become conversant in your topic? (c) What are three specific ways you can customize your practice (pg. 143)?
a) 1. Where, during your presentation, are you most and least conservant? 2. Where, during your presentation, are you most in need of supportive notes. 3. What do your notes need to contain. b) Being conservant in your topic means that you are able to express an idea fluently in your topic. c) Three specific ways you can customize your practice is changing what you have done previously, Be deliberate, and Observe what works for your situation.
(a) What is the impromptu delivery? (b) What are weaknesses of this type of delivery? You should never read a speech word-for-word or memorize a speech. (c) What is the manuscript delivery? (d) What are weaknesses of the manuscript delivery? (e) What is the memorized delivery? (f) What are weaknesses of the memorized method? We are using the extemporaneous method for speeches. (g) What is exemporaneous delivery? (h) What are strengths of this type of delivery?
a) A impromptu delivery is a delivery given without preparation. b) You may have difficulty thinking of what to say and is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or her message. c) A manuscript delivery is a delivery that is read word for word from hand written paper. d) Speakers are unable to adapt information to audience reactions and less to no eye contact with audience, e) A memorized delivery is a delivery is a manuscript given to the audience by memory. f) Run a risk of forgetting part of the speech during the delivery and also the longer they are, the harder it will be to memorize it. g) A exemporaneous delivery is a delivery that has been practiced and rehearsed ,but delivered using key notes. h) The speaker can are able to speak in a more conversational tone by letting the cards guide them and it gives the speaker a better opportunity to adjust and adapt to audience.
(A) What is a proposition of fact? (B) What is a proposition of value? (C) What is a proposition of policy?
a) A proposition of fact focuses on whether or not something exists. b) A proposition of value compares multiple options to determine which is best. c) A proposition of policy calls for people to stop a particular behavior, or to start one.
(A) What is an attitude? (B) What is a belief? (C) What is a value? (D) The book talks about the challenges a speaker faces when delivering a speech to a multicultural audience. What are the the four factors that you should keep in mind before addressing a multicultural audience (see page 50)?
a) An attitude is a learned disposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a person, an object, an idea, or an event b) Beliefs are principles or assumptions about the universe. c) A value is a guiding belief that regulates our attitudes. d) The four factors that you should keep in mind before addressing a multicultural audience are Language, Cognition, Ethocentricity, and Values.
(a)Where did ethics orginate? (b) How are ethics used in public speaking?
a) Aristotle claimed that a person with ethos or credibility had good morals. b) The ethics of public speaking effect everything from choosing what information to present to knowing the setting, audience, and their awareness of the topic.
(A) Why is it important to conduct an audience analysis prior to developing your speech (see page 43)? (B) What is the purpose of performing a demographics survey (see page 44)? (C) Why is audience analysis by direct observation the mot simple of the three paradigms (see page 45)? (D) What are some of the problems (see page 45) a speaker faces when delivering to an unaquainted-audience speech (meaning the speaker didn't consider or get to know the listeners beforehand)?
a) Because we want to discover information that will help create a bond between the speaker and the audience. b) To identify the audience's ethnic origin, age, gender, income, occupation, religion, and educational level and using this information to influence them. c) Direct observation uses the five senses and natural experiences, which increases the likelihood that individuals will believe their knowledge over secondary sources. d) The speaker may be unfamiliar with the audience and should seek out one or more individuals who are more familiar with the audience to guide them in the proper direction.
Define each of the eight elements of the communication process mentioned in the book ( These are the elements: encoding, decoding, communicator, message, channel, noise, worldview, and context). Then explain which of these elements you think has the greatest impact on the way a message is interpreted.
a) Encoding refers to the process of taking and idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message. Decoding is the reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning thoe words into mental images. Communicator refers to all of the people in the interaction or speech setting. Message involves those verbal and nonverbal behaviors, enacted by communicators, that are interpreted with meaning by others. Channel is very simply the means through which the message travels. Noise refers to anything that interferes with message transmission or reception. Worldview is the overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it. Context is which the speech or interaction takes place. b) One of the elements I think has the greatest impact on the way a message is interpreted is communicator because they and the ones who encode and decode messages for individuals to interpret.
(A) What is ethos and what are two ways a speaker can develop ethos? (B) What is logos and what are two ways a speaker can develop logos? (C) What is pathos are what are two ways a speaker can develop pathos?
a) Ethos is how the audience views you. Two ways a speaker can develop ethos is by making a good first impression and maintain enthusiasm about your topic throughout your speech. b) Logos is the logical means of proving an argument. Two ways a speaker can develop logos is by using inductive and deductive reasoning. c) Pathos is the emotional appeal of the audience's non-rational side. Two ways a speaker can develop pathos is use clear examples that illustrate your point and nonverbal behaviors to model the desired emotion for your audience.
(a) What is the difference in a general purpose and specific purpose statement? (b) In the Writing Objectives lecture video, how many words did I say need to be included in your general purpose? (c) How many words should be included in the specific purpose?
a) General Purpose is the broad objective of a speech that will bring your topic under control. Specific Purpose is the precise goal that a speaker wants to achieve & helps bring ideas into sharp focus. b) You said that two words needed to be included in the general purpose. c) There should be under 12 words included in the specific purpose.
(A) What are the benefits of white space when designing visuals? (B) What are the cons of having a large amount of text on a visual (slide, poster, etc.) (C) List and explain two considerations when using color in your slides (visuals).
a) It gives breathing room to your design and will draw attention to your focus point and makes your slide appear more elegant and professional. b) The cons of having a large amount of text on a visual is it takes the audience's ability to process the message. c) Try to stay away from brighter colored backgrounds because it is distracting for the audience from the main point, and also use colors that contrast so they can be easily distinguished from each other and increase visibility.
(A) What is topical pattern and when is it most effective to use this pattern? (B) What is chronological pattern and when is it most effective to use this pattern? (C) What is spatial pattern and when is it most effective to use this pattern? (D) Which organizational pattern listed do you think you will use for your informative speech, and why?
a) Main points are developed separately and generally connected together within the introduction and conclusion. It makes sense to use this when elements are connected to one another because of their relationship to the whole. b) Main points are delivered according to when they happened and could be traced on a calendar or clock and is useful for when you tell the story of someone's life or career. c) Arranges main points according to their physical and geographic relationships. It is most effective for when the main point's importance is derived from its location or directional focus. d) I think that I will use the topical organizational pattern because I think that my speech will be more around the main points.
(A) When is it useful for a speaker to use Monroe's Motivated Sequence (MMS) organizational pattern? (B) List and explain all five steps in this pattern? (C) Describe where these steps are placed in the outline? (D) How many main points will be in the body?
a) Monroe's Motivated Sequence (MMS) is useful when your trying to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech. b) Attention Step - This should get the audience's attention as well as describe your goals and preview the speech. Need Step - This should provide a description of the problem as well as the consequences that may result if the problem goes unresolved. In this step, the speaker should also alert audience members to their role in mitigating the issue. Satisfaction Step - This is used to outline your solutions to the problems you have previously outlined as well as deal with any objections that may arise. Visualization Step - The audience members are asked to visualize what will happen if your solutions are implemented and what will happen if they do not come to fruition. Visualizations should be rich with detail. Action Appeal Step - This should be used to make a direct appeal for action, In this step, you should desribe precisely how the audience should react to your speech and how they should carry out these solutions. As the final step, you should also offer a concluding comment. c) Step 1 (Attention) goes into the attention catcher in the introduction paragraph. Step 2 (Prove the need) goes in the first main point in the body paragraph. Step 3 (Offering solutions) goes in the second main point in the body paragraph. Step 4 (Visualizing benefits) goes into the third main point in the body paragraph. Step 5 (Tell them how to take action) goes into the clincher in the conclusion paragraph. d) There are 3 main points that will go into the body.
(a) Why is raising social awareness an ethical concern when preparing a speech? (b) What free speech rights are granted to a public speaker?
a) Raising social awareness is a task for ethical speakers because educating peers on important causes empowers others to make a positive change in the world. b) The First Amendment guarantees free speech to all American citizens. Everyone has the right to express themselves. However, in order to deliver an effective speech, a speaker must be respectful to their audience and freedom of speech must be balanced.
You should practice your speech four times before delivering to an audience. (a) List all the items found on the rehearsal checklist found on page 158 (Figure 12.1). (b) Explain why each item is important to your practice.
a) Rehearse a few days before you are to deliver your speech, Use the note shets or cards you will be using for delivery, Practice with the presentation aids you will be using, Time your speech and cut or expand it if needed, Rehearse with a colleague or an audience if possible, If you can, rehearse in the room with the podium you will use, plan what you will do with your hands, and Plan and practice your opening and closing carefully, so you can deliver them exactly. b) Rehearsing your speech will help you become a more effective speaker, Using note cards will help refresh your memory, Using presentation aids help you get more familiar with it. Timing your speech will help you get information out in a shorter amount of time. Rehearsing with a colleague or audience in the room with a podium will help you get more comfortable as a speaker. Planning what you will do with your hands helps your body language. Practicing your opening and closing will help you deliver correctly.
(A) List and explain the five categories of audience analysis (see pages 47-50)? (B) Which of the five categories do you believe is the most effective, and why do you think that?
a) Situational analysis - is primarily concerned with why your audience is assembled in the first place, Demographic analysis - When addressing the audience, it is generally a good idea to know about its age, gender, major, year in school, race, ethnicity, religious affiliation, etc, Psychological analysis - When performing a description you seek to identify the audience's attitudes, beliefs, and values, Multicultural analysis - Odds are that any real-world audience that you encounter will have an underlying multicultural dimension. As a speaker, you need to recognize that the perspective you have on any given topic may not necessarily be shared by all of the members of your audience. Interest and knowledge analysis - This is the main goal of the speech and making sure you deliver a unique and stirring presentation b) I think that the most effective category is the interest and knowledge analysis because I think that it's the most interesting and your audience is all the way tuned into your speech.
(a) Why did I say you should create your objectives for the outline first and then the body of the speech? (b) Why did I say the intro and conclusions should be written after the body.
a) So that you know your heading into the right direction, like a GPS. b) Because it makes it easier to introduce the body and close it out.
(A) What are two ways you can arouse the interest of the audience? (B) What are two ways you can present the information in a way that can be understood (create coherence) (C) What are two ways you can make your speech memorable?
a) Tell a story and be creative. b) Avoiding Information Overload and Using Simple Language. c) Build in Repetition and Appeal to Different Ways of Learning.
(a) What are the three types of speeches usually given according to the book.? (b) Give one example of an occasion or situation in which that type of speech might be given.
a) The 3 different types of speeches given according to the book is an Informative speech, Persuasive speech and Special Occasion speech. b) An occasion for when a informative speech would be presented include a report presented to coworkers. An occasion for when a persuasive speech is used include a sales pitch to potential customers. An occasion for when a special occasion speech is given is a best man's speech at a wedding reception.
(a) List the three main barriers to listening according to the book. (b)Which of these barriers is most problematic for you? (c) What can you do about it?
a) The 3 main barriers for listening according to the book is Anticipating, judging, and reacting emotionally. b) The most problematic barrier for me probably would be Anticipation. c) I could fix this issue by being a little more patient.
(A) How does the book define plagiarism (also found on page 84)? (B) What is the difference between global and patchwork plagiarism? (C) What is the difference between paraphrasing and directly quoting a source?
a) The act of presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own. b) Global plagiarism is when a speaker presents a whole speech that is not his or her own work. Patchwork plagiarism is when someone uses "patches" of different information from different sources and represent it as their own works. c) Paraphrasing a source is changing the words of the central idea. Directly quoting a source would involve quoting every word the source provides without changing it.
(A) When is it useful for a speaker to use direct method organizational pattern? (B) How many many main points will be in the body and what is the function of each point?
a) The direct method pattern is useful when your trying to convince your audience to adopt a particular idea. b) There are 3-4 main points in the body and the function of each point is to state a reason or smaller arguement the audience should believe or do what you want.
(a) What fears do you have about speaking? (b) What are some sources of your communication apprehension? (c) Would you classify these as sources of trait anxiety or state anxiety or scrutiny fear? (d) List three methods you will personally use to manage and reduce your anxiety before practicing and presenting speeches.
a) The fears I have about public speaking Is forgetting what I'm going to say, Not knowing what to say, and Saying information that doesn't make sense. b) Some sources of my communication apprehension is learning confidence and being the center of attention. c) I would classify these sources of communication apprehension as sources of scrutiny fear. d) The 3 methods that I will personally use to reduce my anxiety before practicing and presenting speeches are deep breath in and out, minimizing what I memorized and customizing my practice.
(a)What are the five basic elements of an introduction according to my Writing Intros video lecture? (b) Explain the function for each of those elements.
a) The five basic elements of an introduction is Get Attention, Gain Goodwill of Audience, Explain Credibility, Thesis. and Preview Structur of speech. b) Get Attention - Refer to the occasion or historical event, tell a story, Refer to personal interest, Statistic, Analogy, Use a quote, Ask questions, and Humor. Gain Goodwill of Audience - Show the audience how you and your speech connects to their lives. Explain Credibility - Believability, state your name in III not in the attention catcher. Thesis - Don't assume the listeners know why your speaking and Clearly announce the topic and purpose of the speech. Preview Structure - Let the audience know how you will develop your speech.
(A) What is the function of a speech to convince? (B) What is the function of a speech to actuate?
a) The function of a speech to convince is to change the minds of the audience (attitudes, beliefs, or values). b) The function of a speech to actuate is to change the behavior or action of the audience.
(A) What is the goal of a persuasive speech? (B) How do attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors differ (can also be found in Chapter 4)?
a) The goal of a persuasive speech is to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and behavior of your audience. b) An Attitude is whether you like something or not, Beliefs are things that we hold to be true or false, values are morals.. what helps you determine if something is wrong or right, and behavior is actual action you take based on your attitude, beliefs, and values. All of these differ because they have a specific meaning.
(A) What is the function of an in-text citation and where are they located in the outline? (B) What are the two things that must be included in the in-text citation in your outlines? (C) What is the function of a Works Cited citation and where are they located? (D) What format are we using for Works Cited citations and what items must be included in the Works Cited citation? (E) What is the function of an oral citation? (F) How does the oral citation differ from the in-text and Works Cited citation? (G)What items should be included in oral citations to prevent vagueness?
a) The in-text citation allows the reader to know your sources and is located in your body paragraphs with your supporting details and transitions. b) The two things that must be included in the in-text citation in your outlines are the last name of the source and paragraph or page number. c) They give complete publication information and they are located on the last page of your outline. d) MLA 8 or 9 and they require the authors name, date published, date accessed, URL, and article title if available. e) The function of an oral citation is to inform your audience of your sources while presenting the speech. f) Oral citation is the only citation where you present your sources in a speech. In-text citations and works cited are found on the outline of the speech. g) Items that should be included in oral citations to prevent vagueness is their last name and details on the person or organization's credibility.
(A) When is it useful for a speaker to use the problem-solution organizational pattern? (B) How many points will be in the body when using this pattern and what will those points cover?
a) The problem-solution pattern is useful when the speaker wants to convince the audience that they should take action in solving some problem. b) There will be 2 main points in the body and those points will cover 2 body paragraphs.
(a) What attention-getting technique was used? Was it effective?, (b) Did the speaker establish his/her credibility effectively?, (c) What is the thesis of the speech?, (d) What main point ideas did the speaker preview?, (e) What transition did the speaker use to prepare the audience for conclusion?, (f) What type of clincher (closing technique) was used? Was it effective?
a) The speaker used Storytelling to grab the audience attention in my opinion and yes it was effective. b) Yes the speaker established their credibility effectively. c) Vultures are effective on crime scenes and we take them for granted. d) Vultures are connected to death, Vultures devour humans just like they would eat roadkill, Detectives can find more dead bodies with vulture scavenging. e) The transition the speaker used to prepare the audience for conclusion was "This photo illistrates the scavenging efficiency of vultures". f) The clicher the speaker used was " So the next time you're at the crime scene with a dead body, look at the ground look for the clues the vultures have left." Yes the clicher was very effective.
(a) What is the difference between the specific purpose statement and the thesis sentence? (b) How many words should be included in the thesis?
a) The specific purpose statement will help you make important decisions concerning your topic. The thesis sentence is the part of the outline that is most important. b) There should be under 12 words included in the thesis sentence.
(a) What are three aspects of vocal delivery (pitch, tone, volume, rate, etc.) that you believe are most important to a speaker's credibility? Explain why you think those three aspects are most important. (b) What are three aspects of nonverbal delivery (appearance, posture, eye contact, etc.) that you believe are most important to a speaker's credibility. Explain why you think those three aspects are most important.
a) The three aspects that I believe are the most important to a speaker's credibility is volume, rate, and tone. I think those three aspects are important because the audience needs to understand what your saying, they need to hear you, and they need to hear you clearly. b) The three aspects of nonverbal delivery that I believe are most important to a speaker's credibility is body language, eye contact, and facial expressions. I think those 3 elements are immportant because body language is integral to a speech, eye contact solidifies the relationship between speaker and audience and facial expressions support the text.
(A) What are three elements that you should look for when determining source quality (pages 83-84)? (B) Why is each element necessary?
a) The three elements that you look for when determining source quality is establishing whether the source takes into account opposing viewpoints, if the source provides an accompanying date and citations, and if the source fully describes the idea behind the claims. b) Each element is necessary because there should be additional information, counter-arguments, and more reliable sources.
(A) What are three places (according to the book) that you can conduct research for speech topics? (B) What are the advantages of each?
a) The three places that you can conduct research for speech topics are Google Scholar, Google Books, and Google Images. b) Google Scholar advantages are finding published journals, articles, books, and finding citations of useful articles to help support your ideas. Google Book advantages are making your search within or for books more efficient and making skimming more effective. Google Images advantages are helping you seek visual aids to illustrate your point ,like photographs, charts, illustrations, clip art and more.
(A) What are two ways that visual aids can benefit a speech? (B) List three types of visual aids (other than personal appearance) that can be used in a speech and then explain when it is best to use each of the three types you listed. (C) Based on your topic and main points, what would be the most effective visual to help your audience better understand the support material? (D) List the visual aid tips found at the bottom of page 175 (Table 13.1)
a) Two ways that visual aids can benefit a speech are they can spark interest and build emotional connections. b) Object and props can be used to make it easier for your audience to understand your meaning and will help you connect with your audience on an emotional level. A demonstration can be used to "wow" an audience or to show how something is done. Handouts are also used to supplement the content of your talk. c) Object and props would be best for me so I can support my stance on fan support. d) Select only visual aids that enhance or clarify your message, Select visual aids that will have the greatest impact on your audience, Speak to your audience, not to your visual aid or screen, Reveal your visuals only when they are relevant to your current point, and take them away when they are no longer being talked about, Practice your visual aids and make sure all demonstrations work smoothly. Design visuals so they can be understood within 3 seconds, Keep your visuals as simple as possible while still conveying your message, When presenting text to your audience, give them time to read before you begin speaking again, Be prepared to move on with your presentation should any of the visual aids falter or fail. No matter how great your visuals are, you need to be prepared to speak without them.
(A) What does it mean when a speaker informs through definition? (B) What does it mean when a speaker informs through description? (C) What does it mean when a speaker informs through demonstration? (D) What does it mean when a speaker informs through explanation?
a) When a speaker informs an audience through definition, it means the speaker is providing the audience with knowledge. b) When a speaker informs an audience through description, it means the speaker is shaping our perceptions. c) When a speaker informs an audience through demonstration, it means the speaker is articulating alternatives. d) When a speaker informs an audience through explanation, it means the speaker is enhancing our ability to survive and evolve.
(A) Why is it so important for informative speakers to remain objective (B) What is credibility and what are three ways the book suggests to boost credibility? (C) Why is it important for informative speakers to be knowledgeable? (D) What are ways the book says you can ensure your topic is relevant?
a) When planning your informative speech your primary intent will be to increase listeners' knowledge in an impartial way. b) Credibility is an audience's perception that the speaker is well prepared and qualified to speak on a topic. Three ways to boost credibility is establishing your expertise, helping your audience identify with you, and showing you are telling the truth. c) To show that the information you present is accurate and complete. d) you want to select a topic that holds a high degree of interest for you, Students who feel at a loss for topic ideas should turn their attention to their own lives and activities, it is crucial that you tie your topic directly to your listeners, and give listeners at least one reason why they should care about your topic and the ways in which the information will be beneficial or entertaining.
(a) Why are outlines required for a speech? (b) How do outlines help a speaker?
a) When you organize an outline before giving a speech it absolutely helps you. b) Outlines are like a blueprint for a speaker and helps them with their confidence and preparation.
(A) Did the visuals help you better understand a specific point in the speech? (B) Do you have any suggestions on how the visuals could have been better (more effective)?
a) Yes, the visual aids did help me get a better visual understanding. b) The only thing I would recommend is presenting the corresponding picture exactly when she speaks on that topic. She showed them all at one time which could distract the audience from what she is saying.
(A) Why when choosing your persuasive speech topic is it so crucial to consider the composition of your audience? (B) How can polls (surveys) help a speaker help with this? (C) The book discusses three types of audiences. List each type and explain one strategy to persuade each type of audience.
a) is crucial to consider the composition of your audience because they may or may not agree with you, and you don't want to disrespect them because they play a major role in your speech. b) The polls or surveys helps you find out where your audience fits. c) receptive audiences - This audience already knows something about your topic and is generally supportive of, or open to, the point you are trying to make. you should first attempt to foster identification with them by highlighting things that you have in common. neutral audiences - This audience is not passionate about the topic or the speaker. Gain their attention, to do that you might offer a story or statistic that relates the topic directly to the dominant demographic in the audience. hostile audiences - This audience may take issue with your topic or with you as a speaker. wait until later in the speech to offer your proposition if the audience does not agree with it.
The book covers eleven speaking competencies. For each competency listed, describe the differences between the inexperienced speaker and the advanced speaker.
useful topic - an advanced speaker will pick an appropriate topic that will engage the audience while the ineffective speaker will only present a single topic that the audience are not able to understand. engaging introduction - an advanced speaker will be able to grab the attention of the audience perfectly, while the novice speaker is not able to grab the audience in a memorable way. clear organization - an advanced speaker can hit their main points without straying away from the main thesis while the ineffective speaker shows no clear pattern and their topics are random. well-supported ideas - the advanced speaker can provide their key points with credible material while the beginning speaker is only able to hit their main points with a mix of materials with only some evidence provided. closure in conclusion - and experienced speaker can make a memorable summary of their points and shows a bigger picture while a beginning speaker will only refer to some of their main points and is not able to show a bigger picture. Clear and vivid language - an advanced speaker is clear and free from bias with little grammar errors while a beginning speaker will use slang in their speech and will have several grammar mistakes in their speech. suitable vocal expression - an effective speaker can sound natural while speaker and happy to talk while the beginning speaker speaks in a monotone voice with poor pacing in their talk. corresponding nonverbals - an advanced speaker postures themselves in a way that they look natural and well devolved through eye contact and facial expression. A beginning speaker hardly makes eye contact while also looking nervous and sad. adapted to the audience - the advanced speaker can provide how their speech is important to the audience through all experiences, while the beginning speaker appears removed from the audience's frame of mind. adept use of visuals aids - the advanced speaker can provide visuals that produce insight into the speech and the visuals aids are easy on the eyes. The beginning speaker shows visual aids that derail from the speech and may not be of professional quality. convincing persuasion - an advanced speaker talks in a calm manner while providing powerful evidence for their beliefs. An ineffective speaker will not clearly define the solution to a problem and their claims are not supported through credible evidence.