Public Speaking test 1 (Chapters 1-5, 19)

after 24 hours we can remember only ___ percent of the original message

10

Even when we think we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about ___ percent of a speaker's message.

50

more than ____ % of errors made in business comes from poor listening

60

____ % of respondents stated that listening has become more difficult because of the digital distractions of today's workplace

64

the oldest known handbook on effective speech was written on papyrus in _____ some ____ years ago

Egypt, 4,500

6 things to help deal with nervousness

acquire speaking experience, prepare, think positively, use the power of visualization, know that most nervousness isn't visible, don't expect perfection

giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view

active listening

_____ is produced in excess when you are in a stressful situation.

adrenaline

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

adrenaline

listening for pleasure or enjoyment, as when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech

appreciative listneing

Guidlines for ethical listening

be courteous and attentive, avoid prejudging the speaker, maintain the free and open expression of ideas,

the most crucial way to be prepared for your speech from an ethical standpoint is to

be fully informed about your subject

the main section of a speech

body

a method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts

brainstorming

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

central idea

the means by which a message is communicated

channel

The first step in speechmaking is

choosing a topic

what is the first step in speechmaking

choosing a topic

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

chronological order

listening to understand the message of a speaker, as when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to directions for finding a friend's house

comprehensive listening

2 types of listening most closely tied to critical thinking

comprehensive, critical

the final section of a speech

conclusion

5 guidelines for online speaking

control the visual environment, adapt your nonverbal communication, don't forget your audience, practice

listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen to a sales pitch of a car salesperson or the campaign speech of a political candidate

critical listening

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

critical thinking

5 questions to ask about your specific purpose

does my purpose meet the assignment, can i accomplish my purpose in the time allotted, is the purpose relevant to my audience, is the purpose too trivial for my audience,

do or don't plan gestures ahead of time

don't

when should you worry about the central idea of your speech?

don't worry too much until after you have developed the body of your speech

a 2012 study produced results with 62% of respondents being terrified by the prospect of speaking public opposed to 43% being afraid of ____

dying

replacing poor listening with good listening improves

efficiency, sales, customer satisfaction, employee morale

listening to provide emotional support for the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear to a friend in distress

empathic listening

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

ethics

the belief that our own group or culture is superior to all other groups of cultures

ethnocentrism

central idea is a concise statement of what you ____ to say

expect

means that the speech is carefully prepared, but the exact language is chosen at the moment of delivery

extemporaneous

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

extemporaneous speech

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

eye contact

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

feedback

the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have the exact same

frame of reference

the broad goal of a speech

general purpose

motion's of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech

gestures

stealing your speech from another source and passing it off as your own

global plagiarism

the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain

hearing

a speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible

ice breaker speech

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

incremental plagiarism

how should you deal with nervousness?

instead of trying to eliminate it, you should aim to transform it from a negative force into what experts call "positive nervousness" in which you are in control

your goal in public speaking is to have your ____ message be the message that is actually communicated

intended

The ______ of the seven elements determines the ____ in any instance of speech communication

interaction, outcome

anything that impedes the communication of a message. can be external or internal to listeners

interference

the opening section of a speech

introduction

3 main parts of a speech

introduction, body, conclusion

the notes for an extemporaneous speech should be written in ____ or ____, not ___ and ___

key words, phrases, complete sentences, paragraphs

an outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form

key-word outline

two tasks that need to be completed in the conclusion

let the audience know you are about to finish, reinforce your central idea

three suggestions to help you focus your listening

listen for main points, listen for evidence, listen for technique

the person who receives the communicated message

listener

involves paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear

listening

regardless of the method of organization you use, remember to limit the number of ___ ___ in the body of your speech

main points

the major points developed in the body of a speech

main points

rather than trying to remember everything a speaker says, efficient listeners usually concentrate on ___ ____ and ____

main points, evidence

guidlines for ethical speaking

make sure your goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language, put ethical principles into practice

what the speaker communicates to someone else

message

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

name-calling

four causes of poor listening

not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personal appearance

the specific purpose should focus on ___ aspect of a topic

one

the elements of internet communication that influence an online speech, including the remote audience, factors of technology, and unique forms on intereference

online environment

4 public speaking skills you do in everyday conversation

organizing your thoughts logically, tailoring your message to your audience, telling a story for maximum impact, adapting to listener feedback

to restate or summarize an author's idea in one's own words

paraphrase

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

patchwork plagiarism

3 brainstorming procedures

personal inventory, clustering, internet search

presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own

plagiarism

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

positive nervousness

3 major differences between conversation and public speaking

public speaking is more highly structured, public speaking requires more formal language, public speaking requires a different method of delivery

used when you use exactly what someone says directly

quotations

a speech that has been created specifically for an audience that will view it online as it is being delivered

real-time online speech

a speech that is delivered, recorded, then uploaded to the internet

recorded online speech

two major kinds of online speeches

recorded, real-time

the central idea ____ and ____ your specific purpose

refines, sharpens

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else in a speech

residual message

4 guidelines for the central idea

should be expressed in a full sentence, should not be in the form of a question, should avoid figurative language

you should be able to state your specific purpose in a _____ _____ phrase that indicates ____ what you hope to accomplish with your speech

single infinitive, precisely

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

situation

the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 180 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 500 words a minute.)

spare brain time

speech communication begins with a _____

speaker

7 elements involved in speech communication

speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, situation

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

specific purpose

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

stage fright

2 broad categories of potential topics for your classroom speeches

subjects you know a lot about, subjects you want to know more about

one way to avoid patchwork plagiarism or incremental plagiarism when working with the internet is to

take careful research notes

7 ways to become a better listener

take listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, don't be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend judgment, focus your listening, develop note-taking skills

make sure you keep a record of what three things when trying to avoid plagiarism from the internet

the title of the internet document, the author or organization responsible for the document, the date on which the document was last updated, the date on which you accessed the site

what is the goal when you are trying to inform with your speech

to convey information clearly, accurately, and interestingly

2 categories of a general purpose

to inform, to persuade

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

topical order

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

transition

try to make your main points stand out by introducing each with a _____ _____.

transition statement

mental imaging in which speakers vividly picture themselves giving a successful presentation

visualization

5 tips for formulating the specific purpose statement

write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment, express your purpose as a statement, not as a question, avoid figurative language in your purpose statement, limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general,

what is the goal when you are trying to persuade with your speech

you act as an advocate or a partisan

your ethical decisions will be guided by what three things

your values, your conscience, your sense of right and wrong