Purchasing and Buyer Behavior Final Exam Review: Ch.3

A shift back to an emphasis on postponed gratification in American would most likely _____.

decrease the use of credit

The practice whereby a firm promotes environmental benefits that are unsubstantiated and on which they don't deliver is known as ________.

greenwashing

The percentage of U.S. men who are the primary grocery shopper for their home is _____ percent.

51

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the religious/secular value in American society?

America is basically a religious society

Marketers have responded to Americans' increasing concern for the environment with an approach called _____.

green marketing

Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of American society?

individualism

Which of the following is a self-oriented value?

performance/status

Which consumer group is driven by a desire to help with respect to cause-related marketing programs?

socially concerned

Which of the following is true regarding changes in American cultural values?

there is a substantial variance in values across individuals and groups

Which of the following is an emerging American value?

admiring nature

When did Americans begin to place increased emphasis on leisure, immediate gratification, and sensual gratification?

after the end of WWII

Which of the following is a traditional American value?

all of the above; youth, competition, active, hard work

Which term is used to refer to whether a person is biologically a male or female?

gender and sex

Which type of marketing ties a company and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of improving sales or corporate image while providing benefits to the cause?

cause-related marketing

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Americans' environment-oriented values?

Americans traditionally have not been very receptive to change

Which of the following is NOT a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism?

concerned

The manager of a brand of trash bags that is degradable and better for the environment wants to make that claim on the package and in its advertising. According to the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) guidelines for green claims, what must this marketer do to be able to label the product as "environmentally safe" or "environmentally friendly"?

labels making these claims must specify what portion of the product is being referred to

What percentage of American adults exercise regularly?

less than 50%

Mitch is a vegetarian who does not eat any animal products. He based this lifestyle decision on his love of animals, and he did not want an animal to suffer for his pleasure. On which motive did Mitch base his decision?

moral

Which of the following is a reason why women are an important target market?

more women work more hours outside the home today than at any time in our history

What is typically absolutely necessary of any firm that desires to capture the loyalty of the gay community?

must have internal policies that do not discriminate against gay employees

Which segment of environmental activists are concerned about the environment but alter their actions and purchases only when it is convenient?

new green mainstream

Which of the following is NOT generally involved in green marketing?

pricing products lower than the competition

The value that Americans place on youth has _____.

shown a slow reversal toward more value being placed on age in recent years

Which of the following statements is true regarding Americans' other-oriented values?

since WWII, Americans have increasingly valued diversity

Several coffee manufacturers are informing consumers of their fair trade practices in which farmers in less developed countries are paid a living wage for their crops. The philosophy behind this movement is to be profitable for the farmer, be environmentally sound, and to be socially responsible. This movement has been referred to as the _____.

sustainability movement

Green marketing methods that are profitable for the farmer, environmentally sound, and socially responsible are said to be _____.

sustainable

Erica and her family decided that it was just too much strain on them for Erica to work outside the home. Even though she was a successful attorney and they enjoyed the good things in life, her family made a conscious decision to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions. This behavior has been termed _____.

voluntary simplicity

_____ is consumers' efforts to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions.

voluntary simplicity

The gay market has been estimated to comprise _____ of the adult U.S. population.

5-7 percent

The percentage of U.S. women who watch sports on TV every week is _____.

50%

Which of the following is an example of cause-related marketing (CRM)?

a company donated $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers

_____ are based on performance criteria over which the individual has some degree of control.

achievement roles

Which of the following is a current American value?

active

The vegetarian market includes which group of consumers?

adults, adolescents, and children

Leigh is working on a research project for her marketing class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to consumer behavior have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the best insight into these changes?

advertising

Leigh is working on a research project for her marketing class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to sensual gratification and abstinence have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the BEST insight into these changes?

advertising, movies, and video games

Mickey is concerned about the environment, but he is most concerned about issues that relate to his personal health. That's why he protested when the city was considering placing a landfill near his home. Other than that, though, Mickey really does not consider environmental issues when he is shopping for products. To which environmental activism segment would Mickey belong?

affluent healers

Which of the following is NOT an environment-oriented value?

all of the above are; cleanliness, performance/status, tradition/change, risk taking/security

Since women are quite diverse as a group, what other factors must marketers also consider when designing marketing communications?

all of the above; ethnicity, age, life stage, employment status

Gay consumers, like heterosexuals, vary in terms of _____.

all of the above; ethnicity, geographic region, occupations, age

Men are more involved than ever in the grocery shopping task because of _____.

all of the above; generational shifts, economics, masculine/feminine values

Individualism affects which of the following?

all of the above; incentive systems for salespeople, advertising themes, product design, and customer complaining behavior

Which of the following is a segment of female consumers?

all of the above; traditional housewife, trapped housewife, trapped working woman, career working woman

Which of the following factors had a significant impact on Americans' emphasis on security?

all of them; the Depression, WWII, and the Cold War

A(n) _____ is based on an attribute over which the individual has little or no control.

ascribed role

Carl likes to support marketers that support causes or charities that are important to him. However, he is concerned about a marketer's motive behind cause-related marketing programs and uses good judgment on which ones to support. Carl is best described as belonging to which group of consumers?

attribution-oriented

Karen believes in cause-related programs, but she doesn't always act accordingly. That is, she likes to patronize retailers that claim to donate a portion of her purchases to charity, but she only shops there when it is convenient for her to do so. Which consumer group would Karen belong?

balancer

Which is NOT a reason Americans work long hours?

because minimum wage is higher the more hours worked

The WUSA, WNBA, and LPGA have _____.

been a response to the changing role of women in American society

Which term is used to refer to the application of marketing principles and tactics to advance a cause such as a charity, an ideology, or an activity?

cause marketing and social marketing

Target stores give 1 percent of a customer's purchase to a school of his or her choice if the customer uses a Target Visa credit card to pay for purchases. Target will also donate 0.5 percent of all other purchases made on that card. This is an example of _____.

cause-related marketing

Consumers higher in individualism are more likely to _____ when faced with poor service performance.

complain, switch, and engage in negative WOM

Which of the following is a challenge facing marketers who implement cause-related marketing programs?

consumer skepticism and apathy

Which index is published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation and measures how equitably a company treats its GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender) employees, customers, and investors?

corporate equality index (CEI)

Lakeisha is an architect, and her husband, Timothy, is an engineer. Both are in their early 30s. They represent a growing percentage of the workforce along with others who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving. Lakeisha and Timothy are part of the _____.

creative class

____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable.

cultural values

According to the authors, American culture increasingly values _____.

diversity

Mickey is not concerned about the environment. He has no problem with the pollution coming from his 1965 Chevy, and he refuses to recycle. To which environmental activism segment would Mickey belong?

eco-villain

Which of the following has NOT been found to be a motive for choosing to become a vegetarian?

economics

Which is a product or service that often needs modification when targeting gay consumers?

financial services

_____ refers to the traits of femininity and masculinity.

gender identity

While women are vital members of the workforce in the U.S., they are still considered the primary care givers of the children in a family. This represents women's _____ in American society.

gender role

The behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society are known as _____.

gender roles

Health Valley is a brand of food, such as breakfast cereals, that uses all natural and organic ingredients. Moreover, they only purchase grain from organic farms. They state on their packages that "organic farming helps keep our food pure and protects our land and water from harmful substances. By supporting dozens of small organic farms, Health Valley helps protect a way of life for these family farmers, and helps ensure a safer and healthier Earth for you and your children." This is an example of _____.

green marketing

A woman that is married where both she and her husband work and share homemaking and child care responsibilities is classified as _____ with respect to gender orientation.

modern

Rayna is married and a mother of four children. Both she and her husband share homemaking and child-rearing responsibilities. Rayna would be classified as a_____ gender orientation.

modern

Under the Federal Trade Commission's set of voluntary guidelines for green claims, labels promoting products as "environmentally safe" or "environmentally friendly" must _____.

must specify what portion of the product is being referred to

Heather is married and has three children. While she and her family are concerned about the environment, they only alter their actions and purchases when it is convenient for them. Which environmental activism segment best describes Heather and her family?

new green mainstream

Which of the following is a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism?

new green mainstream

John doubts the sincerity of marketers who claim that they will donate to a cause if he purchases their product. He doesn't believe that they will make a difference because he thinks that marketers are only concerned with profits and probably only donate a small portion of their profits to the stated cause. John is best described as belonging to which group of consumers?

skeptic

Which group of consumers doubts the sincerity or effectiveness of cause-related marketing programs?

skeptic

_____ is done to enhance the welfare of individuals or society without direct benefit to a firm.

social marketing

Maria will go out of her way to purchase a brand or patronage a store that claims to support a charity if she purchases their brand or shops in their store. Even though she knows that marketers develop these programs to help themselves as well as the cause, she doesn't really care about that. She's just driven by the desire to help. To which group of consumers does Maria belong?

socially concerned

Those who work in such professions as architecture, science, engineering, and health care and business who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving are referred to as _____.

the creative class

What has been found to improve the results of cause-related marketing programs?

the fit between the company and the cause

Which changing American value has been a major force in maintaining a relatively strong economy?

the shift toward immediate gratification

A shift from a focus on sensual gratification to abstinence in America would most likely affect _____.

the types of advertising themes used

A shift away from a competition oriented society would most likely affect _____.

the use of comparative advertising

Which of the following is NOT an other-oriented value?

tradition/change

A woman that is married with the husband assuming the responsibility for providing for the family and the wife running the house and taking care of the children would be classified as _____.

traditional

Catherine is married and a mother of two children. She has decided to forego her own career to stay home with her children until they are grown and on their own. Both she and her husband have decided that it is best for their family for him to assume the responsibility for providing financial security for them while she takes care of the home and family. Catherine would be classified as which type of woman?

traditional

Lisa is a single mother of two and works two jobs to provide for her family and derives little or no satisfaction from employment. To which market segment would Lisa belong?

trapped working woman

Gertrude expresses deeply felt environmental concerns and tailors everything she does and purchases on these beliefs. Which segment of environmental activism best describes Gertrude?

true naturals