PVN 133
Which hospice team member can assist in solving any conflicts between a caregiver and client? 1 Social worker 2 Hospice nurse 3 Medical director 4 Nurse coordinator
1 Social worker
While communicating with a nurse, a child reports, "I lost my parents in an accident and I live with new parents." Which type of family is reflected in this situation? 1 Foster family 2 Blended family 3 Adoptive family 4 Extended family
3 Adoptive family
According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would the student nurse explain that a toddler exhibits? 1 The child gets casual about body appearance. 2 The child starts performing self-care activities. 3 The child suppresses feelings of the superego. 4 The child becomes dependent on his or her siblings.
2 The child starts performing self-care activities.
How can a nurse best accomplish therapeutic communication with an adolescent? 1 By using teen language 2 By relating on a peer level 3 By establishing a relationship over time 4 By interacting with the use of concrete concepts
3 By establishing a relationship over time
Which religious group may refuse autopsy? 1 Baptist 2 Mormon 3 Christian Science 4 Church of the Brethren
3 Christian Science
Which statements are true regarding hospice care? Select all that apply. Incorrect1 Hospices are always freestanding and separate from hospitals. 2 Hospice team members include only licensed health care providers. 3 Hospice team members can include clergy and other spiritual leaders. 4 Hospice team members provide comfort measures, medicines, and therapy to the client. 5 Hospice care can be regulated by home health agencies and community-based organizations.
3 Hospice team members can include clergy and other spiritual leaders. 4 Hospice team members provide comfort measures, medicines, and therapy to the client. 5 Hospice care can be regulated by home health agencies and community-based organizations.
According to Erikson, which stage in a young adult describes the development of the sense of caring for others? 1 Initiative versus guilt 2 Integrity versus despair 3 Intimacy versus isolation 4 Identity versus role confusion
3 Intimacy versus isolation
Which stage of psychosocial development should an individual successfully master to achieve self-control and willpower, according to Erikson's theory? 1 Trust versus mistrust 2 Initiative versus guilt 3 Industry versus inferiority 4 Autonomy versus shame and doubt
4 Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Which religious group practices infant baptism? 1 Jehovah's Witness 2 Seventh-Day Adventist 3 Church of the Brethren 4 United Church of Christ
4 United Church of Christ
Which older adult is at an increased risk of inflammation due to gerontological changes? An older adult with structural changes in his or her urinary system An older adult with changes in his or her natural defense mechanism An older adult with a decreased movement of respiratory secretions An older adult with a decreased production of saliva and gastric secretions
An older adult with changes in his or her natural defense mechanism
The nurse assesses an elderly client with a diagnosis of dehydration and recognizes which finding as an early sign of dehydration? Sunken eyes Dry, flaky skin Change in mental status Decreased bowel sounds
Change in mental status
An older client who is receiving chemotherapy for cancer has severe nausea and vomiting and becomes dehydrated. The client is admitted to the hospital for rehydration therapy. Which interventions have specific gerontologic implications the nurse must consider? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Assessment of skin turgor Documentation of vital signs Assessment of intake and output Administration of antiemetic drugs Replacement of fluid and electrolytes
Assessment of skin turgor Administration of antiemetic drugs Replacement of fluid and electrolytes
Which therapies may be considered palliative in the end stage of HIV disease? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Some correct answers were not selected Antibiotics Blood transfusions Intravenous therapy Photochemotherapy Monoclonal antibody therapy
Antibiotics Blood transfusions Intravenous therapy
Which risk factors are associated with the future development of osteoporosis in women? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Cigarette smoking Moderate exercise Use of street drugs Familial predisposition Inadequate intake of dietary calcium
Cigarette smoking Familial predisposition Inadequate intake of dietary calcium
An 85-year-old client has just been admitted to a nursing home. When designing a plan of care for this older adult what expected sensory losses associated with aging will the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Difficulty in swallowing Diminished sensation of pain Heightened response to stimuli Impaired hearing of high-frequency sounds Increased ability to tolerate environmental heat
Diminished sensation of pain Impaired hearing of high-frequency sounds
The primary health-care provider suggests that a low-income 40-year-old client with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular accident access long-term care services. Which system would financially support the client to access the services? Medicaid Medicare Third party Private pay
Medicaid
Which nursing intervention is most helpful in meeting the needs of an older adult with the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type? Providing nutritious foods that are high in carbohydrates and protein Offering opportunities for choices in the daily schedule to stimulate interest Developing a consistent plan with a fixed time schedule to fulfill emotional needs Simplifying the environment as much as possible and eliminating the need for decisions and choices
Simplifying the environment as much as possible and eliminating the need for decisions and choices
What physiological changes that occur with aging must be taken into consideration when the nurse provides care for the older adult? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Urinary urgency Loss of skin elasticity Increased body warmth Swallowing difficulties Elevated blood pressure
Urinary urgency Loss of skin elasticity Swallowing difficulties (decreased salivary glands) Elevated blood pressure
Which team member of the hospice interdisciplinary team helps the clients and their families handle grief issues? 1 Hospice aide 2 Social worker 3 Medical director 4 Nurse coordinator
2 Social worker
Which type of caregiver is the most frequent abuser of older adults? 1 Adult child 2 Spouse 3 Family friend 4 Nonrelated professional caregiver
2 Spouse
Which is the cognitive developmental stage of adolescents according to Piaget? 1 Sensorimotor stage 2 Formal operations stage 3 Preoperational stage 4 Concrete operational stage
2 Formal operations stage
A hospice-care facility is providing care to a client in the terminal stage of renal disease. The primary health-care provider is explaining to a client how a hospice facility works. Which statement made by the client's caregiver indicates the need for correction? "A hospice facility provides care to terminally ill clients." "With admission to hospice facility, we should realize that death is a natural part of life." "The objective of hospice facility is to provide care to clients with terminal illness and a poor prognosis." "The goal of hospice-care facility is to maximize the quality of life and keep the client as comfortable as possible."
"A hospice facility provides care to terminally ill clients."
The nurse administers a pneumococcal vaccine to a 70-year-old client. The client asks "Will I have to get this every year like I do with the flu shot?" How should the nurse respond? "You need to receive the pneumococcal vaccine every other year." "The pneumococcal vaccine should be received in early autumn every year." "You should get the flu and pneumococcal vaccines at your annual physical examination." "It is unnecessary to have any follow-up injections of the pneumococcal vaccine after this dose."
"It is unnecessary to have any follow-up injections of the pneumococcal vaccine after this dose."
Which physical or behavioral signs of substance abuse should a nurse look for in an adolescent? Select all that apply. 1 Worrying about being addicted 2 Showing a high performance in social activities 3 Experiencing an overdose or withdrawal symptoms 4 Worrying about a friend or family member who is addicted 5 Manifesting bizarre behavior or confusion
1,3,5
A nurse in the pediatric clinic is evaluating the fine motor skills of a 5-year-old child. According to the principles of developmental direction, in which order does a child develop these skills? Begin with the skill that is accomplished first. 1Turns a doorknob 2.Places objects into a narrow-necked bottle 3.Uses scissors 4.Copies a square on a piece of paper
1Turns a doorknob 2.Places objects into a narrow-necked bottle 3.Uses scissors 4.Copies a square on a piece of paper
What question will the nurse find most effective when eliciting information from a 5-year-old child regarding the reason for the child's hospitalization? 1 "Do you know what this place is?" 2 "What are you doing here at the hospital?" 3 "Do you know what's going to happen to you?" 4 "You do know why you're in the hospital, don't you?"
2 "What are you doing here at the hospital?"
The parent of a 7-year-old child states, "My 7-year-old is the same size as my friend's 10-year-old. I get embarrassed when we are all out together, as my child is not nearly so well behaved." What is the best response from the nurse? 1 "You need to be stricter with your child." 2 "Your child's behavior is age-appropriate." 3 "You should ask your friend for tips on good parenting." 4 "Your child needs to be taught discipline and good manners."
2 "Your child's behavior is age-appropriate."
The parent of a 14-month-old toddler asks the nurse how to proceed with bowel training. What is the best response by the nurse? 1 Place the child on the toilet every 2 hours. 2 Start by having the child sit on a potty chair. 3 Avoid bowel training until the child is 2 years old. 4 Begin before the child's diet consists mainly of solid foods.
2 Start by having the child sit on a potty chair.
Which term should the nurse use when describing the physical growth that occurs during the toddler years? 1 Linear 2 Steplike 3 Sporadic 4 Unpredictable
2 Steplike
The school notes that children entering kindergarten and first grade tend to acquire more infections than children who are enrolled in the upper grades. What reason does the nurse identify for this observation? 1 The children have mature immune systems. 2 The children have increased exposure to infection. 3 The children have not been adequately vaccinated. 4 The children do not eat well and have weak bodies.
2 The children have increased exposure to infection.
A nurse, planning care for a client who is an alcoholic, knows that the most serious life-threatening effects of alcohol withdrawal usually begin after a specific time interval. How many hours after the last drink do they occur? 8 to 12 12 to 24 24 to 72 72 to 96
24 to 72
What are the benefits of palliative care? Select all that apply. 1 It helps cure serious illnesses. 2 It allows clients fulfill their physical needs. 3 It allows clients to make more informed choices. 4 It allows clients to achieve better alleviation of symptoms. 5 It allows clients to have more opportunity to work on issues of life closure.
3 It allows clients to make more informed choices. 4 It allows clients to achieve better alleviation of symptoms. 5 It allows clients to have more opportunity to work on issues of life closure.
The nurse is caring for a Jehovah's Witness client who is scheduled for a surgery. Which statement made by the client indicates adherence to cultural beliefs? 1 "I would like to be anointed before my operation." 2 "Do not use a razor blade if you need to shave me." 3 "If possible, please do not remove my jewelry for my surgery." 4 "I don't want to have any blood transfusions during my surgery."
4 "I don't want to have any blood transfusions during my surgery."
A nursing student is learning about cultural competence. Which statement by the nurse reflects ethnocentrism? 1 "I recognize that practices of other cultures can be valuable in health care." 2 "I believe that all members of an ethnic group act or think in the same way." 3 "I am aware of my own cultural beliefs and practices and their relation to those of others." 4 "I sincerely believe that the beliefs and practices of the culture I was born into are the best."
4 "I sincerely believe that the beliefs and practices of the culture I was born into are the best."
The nurse finds that an adolescent male's trunk is short when compared to the legs. What should the nurse infer from these findings? 1 The adolescent needs further evaluation. 2 The adolescent needs a lot of physical activity. 3 The adolescent may need hormone pills for growth. 4 The adolescent has normal growth and development.
4 The adolescent has normal growth and development.
Which finding indicates an 8-year-old is a latchkey child? 1 The child stays with a single parent. 2 The child has a large group of friends. 3 The child is dependent on adults for his needs. 4 The child is unsupervised at home after school.
4 The child is unsupervised at home after school.
Which statement regarding sexual identity is true? 1 The nurse should always have a single belief about sexual ethics. 2 The nurse may judge sexual decisions as immoral on the basis of religious standards. 3 The nurse should view any private sexual act between consenting adults as immoral. 4 The nurse should maintain a nonjudgmental attitude about sexuality while caring for all clients.
4 The nurse should maintain a nonjudgmental attitude about sexuality while caring for all clients.
A 6-year-old boy is undergoing chemotherapy to treat a neuroblastoma, stage IV, and had his first chemotherapy session last week. He arrives with his mother for this week's session. How should the nurse greet the child? 1 "It's time for your next dose." 2 "There are only three more sessions." 3 "Did you get sick to your stomach last time?" 4. "How did you feel after your last treatment?"
4. "How did you feel after your last treatment?"
Which client is eligible for Medicare? A 65-year-old client who is disabled A 30-year-old client who has fracture A 35-year-old client who has joint pains and is poor A 40-year-old client who has first stage renal disease
A 65-year-old client who is disabled
A nurse is caring for an older adult with a hearing loss secondary to aging. What can the nurse expect to identify when assessing this client? ( Select all that apply.) Select all that apply Dry cerumen Tears in the tympanic membrane Difficulty hearing high-pitched voices Decrease of hair in the auditory canal Overgrowth of the epithelial auditory lining
Dry cerumen Difficulty hearing high-pitched voices
How would the nurse explain that the skeletal system of toddlers differs from older adults? Bones of toddlers are less pliable than those of older persons. Bones of toddlers can withstand falls better than those of older adults. Bones of toddlers are more susceptible to osteoporosis than those of older adults. Bones of toddlers are more susceptible to bone loss than the bones of older persons.
Bones of toddlers can withstand falls better than those of older adults.
When planning care for an older client, what does the nurse remember that aging has little effect on for a client? Sense of taste or smell Muscle or motor strength Capacity to handle life's stresses Ability to remember recent events
Capacity to handle life's stresses
A nurse is caring for depressed older adults. What precipitating factors for depression are most common in the older adult without cognitive problems? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Dementia Multiple losses Declines in health A milestone birthday An injury requiring hospitalization
Multiple losses Declines in health
An 85-year-old client has a three-day history of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The client develops weakness and confusion and is admitted to the hospital. To best monitor the client's rehydration status, what should the nurse assess? Skin turgor Daily weight Urinary output Mucous membranes
Daily weight
Which stage of family development involves decision-making, conflict resolution, and communication? Expectant stage Parenthood stage Senescence stage Establishment stage
Establishment stage
Which of these are symptoms of depression commonly observed in older adults? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Fatigue Sadness Agitation Increased sleep Increased appetite
Fatigue Sadness Agitation
What are the most frequent medication reactions in older adults? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Fatigue Vertigo Insomnia Anorexia Weight gain
Fatigue Vertigo Anorexia
Which statement about sleep patterns in older adults is correct? Older adults require less sleep than younger people do. The sleep of older adults is deeper than that of younger people. Older adults take fewer daytime naps and get more sleep at night. Inadequate sleep in older adults may lead to memory and personality changes.
Inadequate sleep in older adults may lead to memory and personality changes.
Which age-related change should the nurse consider when formulating a plan of care for an older adult? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Difficulty in swallowing Increased sensitivity to heat Increased sensitivity to glare Diminished sensation of pain Heightened response to stimuli
Increased sensitivity to glare Diminished sensation of pain
Which statement about palliative care is correct, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)? Its focus is improving and maintaining the client's quality of life as much as possible. It helps clients and families deal with potentially fatal illnesses and quality-of-life issues. Its goal is to prevent and relieve suffering of clients by quickly identifying and treating pain. Its focus is to relieve suffering through management of pain and symptoms only in clients who are in the last 4 months of life.
It helps clients and families deal with potentially fatal illnesses and quality-of-life issues.
The nurse teaches a premenopausal obese client about strategies to prevent osteoporosis. Which strategy identified by the client indicates that the teaching is effective? Starts a rapid, strict weight reduction diet. Joins a tennis league and practices every day. Takes 1200 IU of vitamin D a day. Signs up for a swimming class three times a week.
Joins a tennis league and practices every day.
Which statement about the findings of the adult eye is correct? Paler iris may be an abnormal finding in older adults. Pupillary constriction occurs at a faster rate in older adults. Lipid depositions may lead to the formation of arcus senilis in older adults. Yellow tan of the sclera of the eye is an abnormal finding in dark-skinned individuals.
Lipid depositions may lead to the formation of arcus senilis in older adults.
For various groups, a health-care facility requires nurse leaders to be capable of leading their group towards accomplishing goals. Which group most needs an autocratic leader? Managing geriatric clients in an emergency situation Planning the day, night, and evening shifts of staff members Evaluating the practice of policies and procedures by the staff members Planning a tour of the facilities for staff members and persuading them to attend
Managing geriatric clients in an emergency situation
A 70-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with end-stage renal disease. Which insurance program would cover the client's hospital payments? Medicare Medicaid Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
Medicare
An older adult is hospitalized for weight loss and dehydration because of nutritional deficits. What should the nurse consider when caring for this client? Financial resources usually are unrelated to nutritional status. An older adult's daily fluid intake must be markedly increased. The client's diet should be high in carbohydrates and low in proteins. The nutritional needs of an older adult are unchanged except for a decreased need for calories.
The nutritional needs of an older adult are unchanged except for a decreased need for calories.
The nurse's role in maintaining or promoting the health of the older adult should be based on which principle? Some physiologic changes that occur as a result of aging are reversible. Thoughts of impending death are common and depressing to most older adults. Older adults can better accept the dependent state that chronic illness often causes. There is a strong correlation between successful retirement and maintaining health.
There is a strong correlation between successful retirement and maintaining health.
A nursing student learns about the different health belief systems likely to be encountered while working with clients. Which characteristics would a nursing student recognize as belonging to a folk health belief system? Select all that apply Some correct answers were not selected Treatment involves rituals or repentance. Anointing the sick may be seen as a preparation for death. Illnesses or diseases are classified as natural or unnatural. Symptoms are viewed as the body's means of communicating to the mind. Treatment is designed to restore balance with the physical, social, and metaphysical worlds.
Treatment involves rituals or repentance. Illnesses or diseases are classified as natural or unnatural.
Which statement regarding Orthodox Judaism religion is true? 1 Shaving with a razor is prohibited. 2 An ordained priest performs circumcision. 3 Artificial methods of birth control are encouraged. 4 Male babies are named during the reading of the Torah.
1 Shaving with a razor is prohibited.
Which stage of Erikson's theory focuses on the needs of an infant? 1 Trust versus mistrust 2 Intimacy versus isolation 3 Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt 4 Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
1 Trust versus mistrust
An individual is verbally inflicting anguish, emotional pain, and distress on an older adult. Which type of abuse is this? 1 Sexual 2 Physical 3 Material 4 Psychological
4 Psychological
At what age does the anterior fontanel of the skull close? 1 12 to 18 months 2 20 to 24 months 3 26 to 30 months 4 32 to 36 months
1 12 to 18 months
Which type of family is formed when both parents bring children from previous relationships into a joint living situation? 1 Nuclear family 2 Blended family 3 Adoptive family 4 Extended family
2 Blended family
A 16-year-old single mother of a 1-month-old infant and the infant's grandmother bring the baby to the emergency department and report that the infant accidentally fell down the stairs. The nurse knows that a consent form for treatment should be signed. Who has the responsibility for signing the consent? 1 The mother, despite her age 2 No one, because this is an emergency 3 The grandmother, because she is a relative 4 Family court, because the mother is a minor
1 The mother, despite her age
Which statement is true regarding the stages of family development? 1 The establishment stage begins with conception. 2 The parenthood stage continues through the pregnancy. 3 The roles of parenting change during the disengagement stage. 4 The commitment stage extends from the wedding up until the birth of the first child.
3 The roles of parenting change during the disengagement stage.
Which stage is observed in a 2-year-old child according to Freud's theory? 1 Oral 2 Anal 3 Latent 4 Phallic
2 Anal According to Freud, the anal stage is observed in children between 18 months and 3 years of age (toddlers). The oral stage is observed during infancy, which is from birth to 18 months of age. The latent stage is observed in 6- to 12-year-old children. The phallic stage is observed in 3- to 5-year-old children (preschoolers).
Which can cause family stress? Select all that apply. 1 Abuse 2 Divorce 3 Influenza 4 Engagement 5 Chronic illness
1 Abuse 2 Divorce 5 Chronic illness
Which fine motor skills should the nurse assess for during a health maintenance visit for a toddler-age client? Select all that apply. 1 Throwing a ball 2 Grasping small objects 3 Walking up and down steps 4 Standing on one foot for several seconds 5 Placing a round object in the correctly shaped hole
1 Throwing a ball 2 Grasping small objects 5 Placing a round object in the correctly shaped hole
Which is a developmental milestone related to feeding that the nurse anticipates for a 24-month-old client? 1 Using a straw to drink 2 Drinking well from a cup 3 Beginning to use a fork by holding it in the fist 4 Spilling small amounts of food when using a spoon
1 Using a straw to drink The nurse would anticipate that a 24-month-old toddler can use a straw to drink liquids. The 15-month-old toddler is expected to drink well from a cup. Beginning to use a fork by holding it in the fist and spilling small amounts of food when using a spoon are expectations for a 36-month-old toddler.
Which gross motor skill can be observed in a 7-month-old infant? 1 Sits alone without support 2 Creeps on hands and knees 3 Walks holding onto furniture 4 Sits down from a standing position
2 Creeps on hands and knees Infants between 6 and 8 months of age can sit alone without support. Infants can creep on their hands and knees at the age of 8 to 10 months. Infants who are 10 to 12 months of age can walk while holding onto furniture and can sit down from a standing position due to their well-developed motor skills.
Which statements regarding Muslim religious beliefs are correct? Select all that apply. 1 Autopsy is mandatory when a Muslim dies. 2 Cremation is forbidden when a Muslim dies. 3 A Muslim infant must be baptized within 40 days after birth. 4 Donation of organs is allowed after death. 5 Muslim women should only remove religious jewelry when absolutely necessary.
2 Cremation is forbidden when a Muslim dies. 5 Muslim women should only remove religious jewelry when absolutely necessary.
A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of failure to thrive. The birthweight was 7 lb. Judging from growth and development charts, how many pounds does the nurse conclude that the infant should weigh? 1 12 2 14 3 18 4 22
2 14 The average infant has doubled the birthweight at 6 months. Twelve pounds is too low; it may confirm a diagnosis of failure to thrive. Eighteen pounds is too high. Twenty-two pounds is too high; the average infant has tripled the birthweight at 1 year of age.
The nurse educates an obese adolescent about healthy dietary habits and risks associated with obesity. Which statement by the adolescent indicates the need for further counseling? 1 "I should exercise." 2 "I should play more outdoor games." 3 "I should watch more TV to reduce stress." 4 "I should modify my diet and have lots of vegetables and water."
3 "I should watch more TV to reduce stress."
A parent receives a note from school reporting that a student in class has head lice. The parent calls the school nurse to ask how to check for head lice. What instruction should the nurse provide? 1 "Ask the child where it itches." 2 "Check to see whether your dog has ear mites." 3 "Look at your child's head along the scalp line for white dots." 4 "Inspect your child's hands and look between the fingers for red lines."
3 "Look at your child's head along the scalp line for white dots."
The nurse is reinforcing best parenting practices to the parents of a 13-year-old child. Which statements made by the parent need correction? Select all that apply. 1 "I should apologize to my child when I am wrong." 2 "I should assist my child in selecting appropriate career goals." 3 "I should motivate my child to perform well in exams by comparing her to her siblings." 4 "I should strictly instruct my child to adhere to the house rules even though it hurts her." 5 "I should teach my child to make decisions and understand consequences as an adult would."
3 "I should motivate my child to perform well in exams by comparing her to her siblings." 5 "I should teach my child to make decisions and understand consequences as an adult would."
A nurse has moved and taken a job in a community with a high concentration of individuals belonging to a specific faith. The nurse has noticed these clients do not normally seek medical care but instead follow a spiritual framework. To which religion might these clients belong? 1 Baptism 2 Judaism 3 Christian Science 4 Eastern Orthodox
3 Christian Science
The nurse has taught newborn care and safety to a group of expectant mothers. Which statement by a mother indicates the need for additional teaching? 1 "I need to put my baby to bed on his back." 2 "I need to toddler-proof my house before the baby starts to walk." 3 "My baby could choke on any small object that will fit in her mouth." 4 "I'll keep my baby in a backward-facing car seat until he's a year old."
4 "I'll keep my baby in a backward-facing car seat until he's a year old." New guidelines recommend keeping a child in a backward-facing car seat until 2 years of age. Putting a baby to bed on his or her back will reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The house should be toddler-proofed when the child starts crawling. Choking is a major hazard for the young infant, who will place anything at hand in his or her mouth.
After treatment for Lyme disease, a child expresses fear of going camping again because of the ticks. What is the best response by the nurse? 1 "Tell me more about your fears about camping." 2 "Just think of all the fun you'll be missing if you don't go camping." 3 "It's hard to believe you're afraid to go camping just because of a tick." 4 "Checking yourself frequently for ticks will help prevent another infection."
4 "Checking yourself frequently for ticks will help prevent another infection."
A client asks for and receives instruction regarding birth control methods. She elects to use a diaphragm with a spermicide. Which disadvantage of using a diaphragm should be emphasized to the client? 1 Its failure rate is 50% when it is used alone. 2 It is physically uncomfortable when in place. 3 Thrombus formation and pulmonary emboli may occur. 4 Some women find its insertion and removal inconvenient.
4 Some women find its insertion and removal inconvenient.
Which statement is true about values? 1 All values are equal for an individual. 2 Values are always adopted unconsciously. 3 Values come into play only when an individual makes a big life decision. 4 Values held by an individual can be clarified by expressing feelings and thoughts.
4 Values held by an individual can be clarified by expressing feelings and thoughts.
Which statements about sleep are correct? Select all that apply. A Sleep involves three phases. B Sleep is associated with healing. C Sleep is a state of rest that occurs for a sustained period. D Sleep restores a person's energy and feeling of well-being. E Sleep is a cyclic physiologic process that alternates with shorter periods of wakefulness.
B Sleep is associated with healing. C Sleep is a state of rest that occurs for a sustained period. D Sleep restores a person's energy and feeling of well-being.
A nurse is teaching a parent about promoting safety in adolescents. Which statements made by the parent indicate the need of further teaching? Select all that apply. 1 "I should limit my child's interaction with adults." 2 "I should allow my child to freely socialize with peers." 3 "I should be aware of my child's risk-taking behaviors and peer pressures." 4 "I should be aware of the injuries in this age-group related to motor-vehicle accidents." 5 "I should be aware of overuse and possible exposure to inappropriate websites by my child."
1 "I should limit my child's interaction with adults." 2 "I should allow my child to freely socialize with peers."
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about the physical changes observed in toddlers. Which statement made by the student indicates the need for further teaching? 1 "The average toddler grows 4.2 cm each year." 2 "There is a rapid development of motor skills." 3 "Locomotion skills include running, jumping, and kicking." 4 "Average toddlers gain 5 to 7 pounds (2.3 to 3.2 kg) each year."
1 "The average toddler grows 4.2 cm each year." An average toddler grows 6.2 cm each year. Hence, when the student says that the average growth is 4.2 cm, it indicates the need for further teaching. There is a rapid development of motor skills in children, which enables them to perform self-care activities like feeding, dressing, and toileting. Locomotion skills that develop at this age include running, jumping, standing on one foot for several seconds, and kicking a ball. An average toddler gains 5 to 7 pounds (2.3 to 3.2 kg) each year.
What are the common characteristics of a relationship between a middle adolescent and his or her parents? Select all that apply. 1 Great push for emancipation 2 Low point in the parent-child relationship 3 Desire to remain dependent on parents 4 Major conflicts over independence and control 5 Emotional and physical separation from parents
1 Great push for emancipation 2 Low point in the parent-child relationship 4 Major conflicts over independence and control
A woman says, "Because of my religious beliefs, I want to be checked by a female primary health care provider." Later the woman says, "I'm not allowed to make decisions regarding family planning, so my husband needs to be here." To which religion does this woman likely belong? 1 Islam 2 Judaism 3 Episcopal 4 Pentecostal
1 Islam
What safety measure should the nurse instruct parents to follow when their child is a toddler? 1 Place window guards on all windows. 2 Have the toddler sleep on the back or side. 3 Start swimming training for the toddler under supervision. 4 Teach the child how to cross streets and walk in parking lots.
1 Place window guards on all windows. Parents should make their home environment safe for the exploring toddler. Parents of toddlers should be advised to install window guards on all windows so that the toddler does not fall out of the window. Infants should be put to sleep on their back or side to lower the lowest risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Preschoolers should be taught to swim at an early age under supervision. Preschoolers should be taught to cross streets and walk in parking lots.
Which activities should the nurse expect to see exhibited by a healthy 6-month-old infant during an evaluation of the infant's growth and development? Select all that apply. 1 Playing peek-a-boo 2 Turning completely over 3 Reaching to be picked up 4 Pulling up to a standing position 5 Sitting for a short time without support
1 Playing peek-a-boo 2 Turning completely over 3 Reaching to be picked up 5 Sitting for a short time without support (10 months- pulling to a standing position)
While playing with her child, a mother takes a toy from the child and hides it. She then observes that the child begins to look for the hidden object. According to Piaget, which developmental stage is indicated by this behavior? 1 Sensorimotor 2 Preoperational 3 Formal operations 4 Concrete operations
1 Sensorimotor The ability to recognize the permanence of objects is seen in the sensorimotor stage. The child has learned that objects in the environment are still present even when they are not seen. During the preoperational stage, the child develops symbolic mental abilities. A child learns to think abstractly during the stage of formal operations. Logical and objective thinking are present in the stage of concrete operations.
A nursing student compares the approaches of different religions to birth control and prepares a chart based on this knowledge. Which groups have been correctly matched with their beliefs regarding birth control? 1 Islam 2 Roman Catholic 3 Christian Science 4 Orthodox Judaism
2 Roman Catholic sterilization not ok unless you have a medical reason and believe in natural family planning
Which topic would be most appropriate for health education for adolescents? 1 Dental hygiene 2 Safe sexual practices 3 Vaccination schedule 4 Prevention of accidental poisoning
2 Safe sexual practices
A 16-year-old male asks the nurse about the use of condoms. He states, "I've used condoms in the past, but I'm not sure I'm using them correctly." What should be included as part of the teaching about condoms? 1 Petroleum jelly should be used as a lubricant. 2 The condom must be positioned after an erection has occurred. 3 Withdrawal after ejaculation should be delayed until the penis has become flaccid. 4 The condom should be fitted against the tip of the penis with no space left at the end.
2 The condom must be positioned after an erection has occurred.
During a well-baby clinic visit, the nurse finds that a 1-year-old infant says "ma" and "pa." The infant does not say anything else and uses gestures to communicate. What should the nurse infer from this finding? 1 The infant needs to spend more time with peers. 2 The infant exhibits normal language development. 3 The infant needs a consultation with the pediatrician. 4 The infant may have impaired cognitive development.
2 The infant exhibits normal language development
Which statement regarding menopause is true? 1 Hot flashes are a result of an increase in estrogen 2 Menopause usually occurs in women between 18 and 22 years of age 3 During menopause, menstrual flow ceases and hormone levels decrease 4 Cigarette smoking, family history, and surgical interventions are all associated with delayed menopause
3 During menopause, menstrual flow ceases and hormone levels decrease
Which period of Piaget's theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents? 1 Sensorimotor 2 Preoperational 3 Formal operations 4 Concrete operations
3 Formal operations
A nursing student compares the cultural beliefs and practices of Mexican Americans and Chinese Americans. Which statement by a nursing student indicates adequate knowledge about the practices of these cultures? 1 Both Mexican Americans and Chinese Americans often use touch because it has the potential to neutralize the "evil eye." 2 Older children in Mexican American families have authority over younger children, whereas in Chinese American families, taking care of family members brings honor to the family. 3 Grief in a Mexican American family is sometimes expressed with hyperkinetic behavior, whereas a Chinese American family wears white, yellow, or black clothing as a sign of mourning. 4 A Mexican American mother does not see her child for 12 to 24 hours after birth, whereas a Chinese American father is not expected to see his wife or baby until both are cleaned and dressed.
3 Grief in a Mexican American family is sometimes expressed with hyperkinetic behavior, whereas a Chinese American family wears white, yellow, or black clothing as a sign of mourning.
A 13-year-old child states, "I don't know if I want to go to college or start working after high school." Which stage of psychosocial development is indicated by this child's uncertainty? 1 Intimacy vs. isolation 2 Ego integrity vs. despair 3 Identity vs. role confusion 4 Generativity vs. stagnation
3 Identity vs. role confusion
Under which classification of cognitive impairment does an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 25 fall? 1 Mild 2 Severe 3 Profound 4 Moderate
3 Profound Cognitive impairment is classified into four categories. Intelligence quotient (IQ) below 25 is classified as profound. An IQ of 50 or 55 to approximately 70 is considered mild, an educable cognitive impairment. An IQ of 20 or 25 to 35 or 40 is considered severe. An IQ of 35 or 40 to 50 or 55 is considered moderate, a trainable cognitive impairment.
When having a conversation with a nurse, an older client states, "I've lived a good life. I don't want to die, but I accept it as a part of life." What developmental stage, according to Erikson, has the client completed? 1 Identity 2 Integrity 3 Acceptance 4 Generativity
2 Integrity
According to Erikson, a young adult must accomplish the tasks associated with which stage? 1 Trust versus mistrust 2 Intimacy versus isolation 3 Industry versus inferiority 4 Generativity versus stagnation
2 Intimacy versus isolation
Who would form an integral part of a nuclear family? 1 Single parent with children 2 Married parents with children 3 Parents and their children from previous relationships 4 Married parents and children along with other relatives
2 Married parents with children
A nurse cares for an older adult client whose culture of origin prohibits touch between unmarried individuals. To which culture does this client most likely belong? 1 German 2 Middle Eastern 3 South American 4 Native American
2 Middle Eastern
Which statement about palliative care needs correction? 1 Palliative care can be started earlier in the dying process. 2 Palliative care is aimed at improving comfort and prolonging life at all costs. 3 Palliative care can serve as a bridge between curative care and hospice care. 4 Palliative care is aimed at providing psychological, social, and spiritual assistance.
2 Palliative care is aimed at improving comfort and prolonging life at all costs.
A 1-year-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic for the first time. During the assessment the nurse suspects a developmental delay. What developmental milestone should have been achieved by this age? 1 Saying six words 2 Responding to peek-a-boo 3 Building a tower of two cubes 4 Pointing to things when they are named
2 Responding to peek-a-boo Typically infants respond to social play by 10 months of age. A six-word vocabulary and building a two-cube tower are typical of a 15-month-old. The child pointing to objects when they are named is typical of a child at 2 years of age.
During a home visit, the nurse finds that a 9-year-old child is very fond of riding on a scooter. The nurse teaches the child and the family about the safety measures to be followed. Which action of the child indicates a need for additional teaching? 1 Using a park or secluded area for riding 2 Wearing a helmet and knee pads while riding 3 Riding the scooter at night when there is less traffic 4 Avoiding homemade ramps made from discarded furniture
3 Riding the scooter at night when there is less traffic
A 7-year-old child has a moderate cognitive disability. What should the nurse suggest that the parents provide for the child? 1 Challenging activities 2 Competitive situations 3 Simple, repetitive tasks 4 Detailed directions before each task
3 Simple, repetitive tasks
A 14-month-old toddler is able to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes into larger boxes. Which type of cognitive development does this action indicate? 1 Domestic mimicry 2 Causal relationship 3 Spatial relationship 4 Object permanence
3 Spatial relationship
What characteristics develop in an adolescent according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. 1 The individual shows animism. 2 The individual is able to understand the process of reversibility 3 The individual develops the ability to reason with respect to possibilities. 4 The individual develops action patterns for dealing with the environment. 5 The individual demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness.
3 The individual develops the ability to reason with respect to possibilities. 5 The individual demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness.
What should the nurse teach parents is the most important influence on the eating habits of early school-aged children? 1 Smell and appearance of food 2 Availability of food selections 3 Food preferences of the peer group 4 Example of parents and siblings at mealtimes
4 Example of parents and siblings at mealtimes
Which type of family involves a nuclear family plus additional family members living in the same household? 1 Grandfamilies 2 Nuclear family 3 Blended family 4 Extended family
4 Extended family
During a family visit, a child states, "My dad moved out. I live with my mom and grandmother." Which type of family pattern does this statement indicate? 1 Autocratic 2 Patriarchal 3 Democratic 4 Matriarchal
4 Matriarchal
Which age range does the nurse know is classified as the toddler years? 1 12 to 18 months 2 12 to 24 months 3 12 to 36 months 4 12 to 48 months
3 12 to 36 months
Which statement is true about the diet plan for toddlers? 1 Refrain from serving finger foods. 2 Toddlers need 4 to 6 cups of milk per day. 3 Low-fat or skimmed milk should be given until the child is 2 years old. 4 Milk should be supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits.
4 Milk should be supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits. In toddlers, the parents should be supplementing the child's intake of milk with solid foods items, ensuring a balanced diet for adequate growth. Serving finger foods to toddlers allows them to eat by themselves and to satisfy their need for independence and control. The intake of milk should be limited to 2 to 3 cups because the consumption of more than a quart of milk per day tends to decrease the child's appetite for essential solid foods and results in inadequate iron intake. Children below 2 years of age should not be given low-fat or skimmed milk because the fat is important for the physical and intellectual growth of the child.
The nurse is interacting with the parent of a male adolescent and interprets that the adolescent is in the fourth stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory. Which statement made by the parent supports the nurse's conclusion? 1 "I have heard my child discussing sex with his friends in great detail." 2 "I have reprimanded my child, but still he insists on dressing like his friends." 3 "My child has lost interest in studying because his siblings call him a failure." 4 "My child yells at me when I forbid him from attending any late night parties."
4 "My child yells at me when I forbid him from attending any late night parties."
Which could be the result if a person fails to master the intimacy vs. isolation stage of Erikson's psychosocial development? 1 Egocentricity 2 Self-absorption 3 Sense of inferiority 4 Dissatisfaction with life
1 Egocentricity Failure during the intimacy vs. isolation stage results from an inability to establish intimate bonds of love and friendship. This failure leads to emotional isolation and egocentricity. Failure during the generativity vs. stagnation stage results in self-absorption. Failure during the industry vs. inferiority stage causes a sense of inferiority. Failure during the ego integrity vs. despair stage can cause dissatisfaction with life.
A court orders a family to place its children in a private home after deeming the parents unable to care for the children. Which type of family is reflected in this situation? 1 Foster family 2 Blended family 3 Extended family 4 Social contract family
1 Foster family
Which belief is true regarding birth control and abortion for Jewish clients? 1 Vasectomy is preferred. 2 Abortion is allowed when the mother's life is in danger. 3 The use of condoms is encouraged to control the birth rate. 4 The use of medical contraceptives is allowed to control the birth rate.
2 Abortion is allowed when the mother's life is in danger.
An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse present preoperative instructions to this child? 1 By repeating instructions often 2 By providing time for needle play 3 By using several abstract examples 4 By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams
4 By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams According to Piaget, an 8-year-old child's level of development is in the stage of concrete operations; the child will benefit from simple, concrete examples.
Which characteristic change is observed during the late adolescence stage? 1 Changes in puberty 2 Changes in dressing 3 Dominant peer orientation 4 Develops adult relationships
4 Develops adult relationships.
Which nursing action is most accurate when assessing the chest circumference of a newborn during the initial physical assessment? 1 Measuring during expiration only 2 Taking three measurements and recording the average 3 Measuring during inspiration and plotting this data on the growth chart 4 Placing the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line
4 Placing the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line The most accurate nursing action when assessing the chest circumference of a newborn during the initial physical assessment is to place the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line. Two measurements should be performed, one during inspiration and one during expiration. The average of these two measurements is then plotted on the growth chart.
What is a function of a bereavement support group? 1 Filing of insurance papers 2 Providing drug consultation 3 Assisting in solving any problems between a caregiver and client 4 Providing families who have lost loved ones a chance to communicate and share their feelings
4 Providing families who have lost loved ones a chance to communicate and share their feelings
An 8-year-old girl visits the school nurse frequently with vague ailments. The nurse spends time listening to the girl, takes her temperature, and always sends her back to class. One Thursday the girl tells the nurse that she no longer wants to visit her grandfather at his home because he "hugs me too tight and touches me down there" (pointing to her genitals). She has told her mother that she does not want to spend the weekend with her grandparents, but her mother says that she has no choice. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? 1 Planning a home visit to discuss with the mother what her child has shared with the nurse 2 Advising the child to tell her mother why she does not want to go to her grandfather's house 3 Arranging a meeting with the school principal and the mother to discuss the possibility of child molestation 4 Reporting the alleged abuse to the local child protective agency and encouraging an investigation before the weekend visit
4 Reporting the alleged abuse to the local child protective agency and encouraging an investigation before the weekend visit
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true? 1 A person wants to fulfill family expectations. 2 A child's thinking is based mostly on likes and pleasures. 3 A child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. 4 An individual moves away from moral decisions based on authority.
1 A person wants to fulfill family expectations. During the conventional reasoning level, a person wants to fulfill the expectations of his or her family, group, or nation. During the preconventional reasoning level, a child's thinking is based mostly on likes and pleasures. During this stage, the child also recognizes that there is more than one correct view. During the postconventional stage, individuals move away from moral decisions based on authority or conformity to groups to define their own moral values and principles.
During which health maintenance visit for a toddler-age client should the nurse assess the ability to throw a ball overhand without losing balance? 1 12 months 2 18 months 3 24 months 4 30 months
2 18 months A toddler-age client should be able to throw a ball overhand without losing balance by 18 months of age [1] [2]. Twelve months is too young to throw a ball without losing balance. Twenty-four months and 30 months are later than when the nurse anticipates this skill to occur.
What does is the average weight of a 5-year old child? 1 32 pounds (14.51 kg) 2 37 pounds (16.78 kg) 3 41 pounds (18.59 kg) 4 45 pounds (20.41 kg)
2 37 pounds (16.78 kg) The weight of an average 5-year-old preschooler is 41 pounds (18.59 kg). The average weight at 3 years of age is 32 pounds (14.51 kg). At the age of 4 years, the average weight is 37 pounds (16.78 kg). Forty-five pounds (20.41 kg) is not the average weight of a 5-year old.
Which reading of a newborn's pulse may indicate an abnormality in the function of the cardiovascular system? 1 100 beats/min 2 120 beats/min 3 130 beats/min 4 140 beats/min
1 100 beats/min The normal pulse rate of a newborn ranges from 120 to 160 beats/min. Therefore, a pulse rate of 100 beats/min may indicate an abnormality. Pulse rates of 120 beats/min, 130 beats/min, and 140 beats/min are within normal range.
Which of these statements about language development in children ages 12 to 36 months are true? Select all that apply. 1 24-month-old children use pronouns. 2 18-month-old children use approximately 25 words. 3 24-month-old children speak in four-word sentences. 4 24-month-old children have a vocabulary of up to 500 words. 5 36-month-old children learn to use five or six new words each day.
1 24-month-old children use pronouns. 5 36-month-old children learn to use five or six new words each day. Children 24-months-old use pronouns and want independence and control. By 36 months, the child can use simple sentences and follow some grammatical rules and is learning to use five or six new words each day. Children 18-months-old use approximately 10 words. Children 24-months-old speak in two-word sentences drawn from a vocabulary of up to 300 words.
Which theory explains psychosexual development from infancy to adolescence? 1 Freud's theory 2 Piaget's theory 3 Erikson's theory 4 Kohlberg's theory
1 Freud's theory Psychosexual development through the five developmental stages is explained by Freud's theory. Piaget's theory explains cognitive and moral development from infancy to adolescence. Erikson's theory explains psychosocial development. Kohlberg's theory demonstrates the development of moral reasoning.
An 18-month-old toddler requires an intramuscular injection. As the nurse enters the room with the medication, the child begins to scream and flail about on the bed. The father is sitting at the child's bedside and gets up to leave. What action should the nurse take to best handle this situation? 1 Allow the child to say good-bye to the father and then give the injection. 2 Tell the father to return and comfort the child after the injection is given. 3 Ask the father to stay to comfort the child while the injection is being given. 4 Leave the room and ask another nurse to come in to hold the child during the injection.
3 Ask the father to stay to comfort the child while the injection is being given.
Which statement by the nurse is accurate and appropriate to the parents of a toddler-age client who has never been to the dentist? 1 "You should continue to work with your child regarding brushing and flossing habits." 2 "You should schedule an appointment for a thorough cleaning and a full set of x-rays." 3 "It is best that you wait until your child is more cooperative prior to making an appointment." 4 "It is a good idea to let your child go with you for a dental visit prior to scheduling one for your child."
4 "It is a good idea to let your child go with you for a dental visit prior to scheduling one for your child." Initial visits to the dentist should be nontraumatizing. Modeling, in which the child observes procedures performed on the parent or a cooperative sibling, is the most appropriate recommendation from the nurse at this time. While it is important for the parents to continuing working with their toddler in regards to brushing and flossing habits, this does not address the child not going to the dentist. Since the first visit to the dentist should be nontraumatizing, the first visit should include looking at the equipment and a brief examination. Delaying a dental visit until the child is more cooperative places him or her at risk for dental caries.
A nurse is discussing religious beliefs and practices of Roman Catholics with a group of nursing students. Which statement made by a student indicates effective teaching? 1 "Infant baptism is not mandatory for Roman Catholics." 2 "Use of birth control is a personal decision for Roman Catholics." 3 "Obligatory fasting periods must be maintained during hospitalization." 4 "Roman Catholics of 14 years of age or older abstain from eating meat on Ash Wednesday."
4 "Roman Catholics of 14 years of age or older abstain from eating meat on Ash Wednesday."
While reviewing the admission assessment the nurse finds that a 2-year-old child has not received immunization for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). At what age should the child have received this vaccine? 1 2 months 2 4 months 3 6 months 4 12 months
4 12 months The MMR vaccine provides maximal protection against these diseases when the first dose is administered between 12 and 15 months of age. At 2 months of age the first immunizations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), and polio are given. At 4 months of age the second doses of the DTaP and polio vaccines are given. At 6 months of age the third dose of the DTaP vaccine is given.
At what age is a toddler-age client physiologically and psychologically prepared for toilet training? 1 13 months 2 16 months 3 19 months 4 22 months
4 22 months The 22-month-old toddler-age client is both physiologically and psychologically prepared for toilet training. The 13-month-old, the 16-month old, and the 19-month old are not yet physiologically and psychologically prepared for toilet training.
The nurse is explaining to the mother of two teenage children why her daughter's height is less than her son's height. What is the reason for lower overall height in girls compared with boys? 1 Increase in muscle mass 2 Hypertrophy of the laryngeal mucosa 3 Maturation of structural appendages of the skin 4 Closure of epiphyses because of estrogen secretion
4 Closure of epiphyses because of estrogen secretion
Which type of family involves unmarried couples living together and sharing roles? 1 Nuclear family 2 Adoptive family 3 Reconstituted family 4 Social contract family
4 Social contract family
