PY 201 ch 9 & 12

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. A-naturalistic observations B-experiments C-surveys D-case studies

C-surveys

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies A-egocentrism B-centration C-accommodation D-assimilation

D- assimilation

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

Object permanence

What is a social role?

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational stage

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs mistrust

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood? A-younger average age for marriage B-taking longer to complete a college degree C-changes in the workforce D-changing cultural expectations

A-younger average age for marriage

The goal of hospice care is to provide?

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development? A-Lawrence Kohlberg B-Erik Erikson C-Sigmund Freud D-Jean Piaget

C-Sigmund freud

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. A-infatuation B-instrumental support C-empathy D-sympathy

C-empathy

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. A-Cognitive dissonance B-Social facilitation C-Group polarization D-Social loafing

C-group polarization

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies. A-preoperational B-concrete operational C-sensorimotor D-formal operational

C-sensorimotor

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. A-fatuous B-romantic C-companionate D-consummate

D- consummate

Which statement about groupthink is correct? A-Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. B-Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. C-Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. D-Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

D-Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly. A-concrete operational B-sensorimotor C-preoperational D-formal operational

A-concrete operational

in Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. A-confederate B-union C-associate D-ally

A-confederate

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. A-diffusion of responsibility B-prosocial behavior C-cognitive dissonance D-aggression

A-diffusion of responsibility

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development. A-generativity vs. stagnation B-isolation vs. intimacy C-identity vs. confusion D-trust vs. mistrust

C-identity vs. confusion

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. A-just-world B-equipoentiality C-equal status D-come-uppance

A- Just world

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. A-the fundamental attribution error B-groupthink C-the actor-observer effect D-the self-serving bias

A- The fundamental attribution error

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. A-scapegoating B-in-group bias C-effort justification D-confirmation bias

A- scapegoating

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________ A-confirmation bias B-representativeness bias C-self-fulfilling prophecy D-availability heuristic

A-Confirmation bias

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. A-zygote B-fetus C-embryo D-placenta

A-Zygote

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. A-Jean Piaget B-Erik Erikson C-Abraham Maslow D-Lawrence Kohlberg

B-Erik Erikson

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment? A-Piaget B-Vygotsky C-Kohlberg D-Ainsworth

B-Vygotsky

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation A-social norm B-script C-social role D-heuristic

B-script

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality. A-pre-conventional B-conventional C-post-conventional D-concrete operational

C- post-conventional

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, â Look mommy, apples!â His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. A-reversibility B-assimilation C-accommodation D-seriation

C-Accommodation

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? A-people prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. B-People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. C-People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. D-Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits.

C-People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. A-prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes B-ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics C-society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion D-emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

D-emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a persons cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology. A-epigenetic B-biopsychosocial C-naturist D-neuroconstructivist

D-neuroconstructivist

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

Pre-conventional

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

the amount of contact you have with people

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when the correct choice is unclear