PY 385 Chapter 5

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory

The central executive and long-term memory

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain's _____ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory

Prefrontal cortex

Digit span is one measure of capacity of

short-term memory

Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is

somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time

A person who is activating their visuospatial sketch pad is likely to say which of the following?

"I can see it with my mind's eye"

What is the typical duration of short-term memory

15 to 20 seconds

If the brain can be considered a busy factory that takes in and processes information, which of the following would occur during the synaptic state in Stoke's working memory concept?

Machines would shut down for material supply

Which of the following represents the correct progression of information as it moves through the primary memory stores?

Sensory, short-term, long-term

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

The visuospatial sketch pad

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road?

Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial-report procedure involves

a smaller response set

Jason quickly scanned the map on his phone to get to his job interview, then took a left and ran down the block so he wouldn't be late. According to Stokes, Jason's ability to recall the directions as he's running is the result of _____.

an activity state followed by a synaptic state

A task with the instructions "Read the following words while repeating 'the, the, the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember" would most likely be studying

articulatory suppression

Have you ever tried to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song? People have often noted that this is very difficult to do. This difficulty can be understood as

articulatory suppression

The research by Ericsson and colleagues (1980) examined the ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found that this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these strings of numbers. The significance of this finding was that

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to _____, but later research showed that it was actually due to _____.

decay; interference

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as

echoic memory

The primary effect of chunking is to

increase the efficiency of short-term memory

Sperling delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds

Chantal has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem-solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect

perseveration

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of...

persistence of vision

Funahashi's work on monkeys doing a delayed response task examined the role of neurons in the

prefrontal cortex

Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is an example of ________ memory.

semantic

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with _____ memory.

short-term

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of

short-term memory

Rehearsal is important for transferring information from

short-term memory to long-term memory

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called

working memory

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory is engaged in processing information

Given what we know about the operation of the phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?

BIP, TEK, LIN, MOD, REY

Suppose you're on the phone with a customer support representative who gives you a ticket number for your records. You're later transferred to a different representative who asks you for your ticket number, but you've forgotten it. This probably occurred because the number was only temporarily stored in your

short-term memory

Which of the following statements about short-term memory is FALSE?

short-term memory stores an exact replica of sensory stimuli

One function of _____ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

the central executive

Which of the following stimulus characteristics most challenges the processing capacity of short-term memory?

complexity