Py201

Hyper-polarization means that the

membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential

Dave boss told him that he doesnt have to attend the company picnic (which everyone dislikes) itif Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

The ______ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract

parasympathetic

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus

smell

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Which two neurotransmitter have roles in appetite suppression

Dopamine, norepinephrine

Which two neurotransmitter have roles in appetite suppression?

Dopamine, norepinephrine

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with threat for puppy. The puppy eventually acquires the ability and molly realized it is annoying when the puppy walk up to her everytime. she stop doing it and the puppy no longer feel loyivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greet her when she comes in the house it is a example of

Extinction

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

One example of _______ is the difference between hemisphere in the area underlying language function

Lateralization

One example of _______Is the difference between hemispheres in the área underlying language functions

Lateralization

In Pavlov classic conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word

Learned

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown after being away for several years, when he smell the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has a vivid moment

Limbic system

The ____ is the difference in Charge between the intracellular and extra cellar space of neuron

Membrane Potential

The _______ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extra cellular space of neuron

Membrane potential

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone and she is then able to put batteries into the toy phone herself without further notice instructions from her father. In this example Gabriella father is a

Model

In _____reinforcement the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed

Partial

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether to occipital cord

Positron emissions tomography

Damage to the occidental lobes may result in differently with

Sight

Which of the following senses is not first roughed through the thalamus

Smell

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful.

evolutionary

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

Which is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

People who have their corpus callosum served for medical reasons would be to tell you about which imagine show to

Only right visual field

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.

learned

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

The _______ is described by some people as the brain "fear center"

Amygdala is

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

Which on the following process does not occur to excess neurotransmitter in the synapses?

Collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neuron transmitters in the Synapse

Collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter

What did John B. Waston and Rosalie Rayber demostrare with their studies of little Albert?

Emotion can be conditioned response

Change in behavior and cognitive processes over time are study by

Evolutionary psychologists

Which of the following senses is not first routes through the thalamus

Smell

Sensory and motor neuron if the _____ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary

Somatic

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affect motor skills.

Substantia and dopamine

The _____ nervous system is responsible for response such as pupil dilation, increase heart rate and increased respiration

Sympathetic

The central nervous system consists of

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following brain processes is not function of the cerebral cortex

breathing

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the

central and peripheral

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

in classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

partial

_____ reinforces have innate reinforcing qualities

primary

______ reinforces have innate reinforcing qualities

primary

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.

stimulus discrimination

you begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.

stimulus discrimination

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

The myelin sheath is made from

glial cells

A _____ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron cell body down the axon to the axon terminals

Action potentials

The ______ is described by some people as the brain "fear center"

Amygdala

Which of the following is a example of vicarious reinforcement

Babs saw Martin received a candy bar for completing his reading lisy. She is complete her reading list because Martin got a reward

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

Which of the following brain process is not function of the cerebral cortex

Breathing

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain

Broca's area

Which of the following regions in the brain involved in the ability to make plans think creatively and take initiative?

Frontal lobe

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model?

acquisition and extinction

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

Which is the main type of chemical messenger secreted by the male gonads?

Androgen

Which is the main type of chemical messenger se created by the male gonads

Androgens

classic and operant conditioning are form of _____ learning

Associative

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo serveal months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side affect and became nauseas with his favorite food. Stanley nausea reaction is

Conditioned Response

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are drug commonly prescribed for ________

Depression

Selective serotonin inhibitors are drugs commonly prescribed for

Depression

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Edward C. Tolman

al though B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.a

Edward C. Tolman

Dymesha watches her older sister do handstand Dylmesha falls over when she attempt to do a headstand. She watches her sister more carefully What type of learning is this

Observational

The theory of_______ the state that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce while those that are poorly suited do their environment will die off

Evolution by natural selection

The ___ theory explains that the immediate association involved in conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaption that helps us learn to avoid food that are potentially harmful

Evolutionary

The ____ theory explains that the immediate associated involved in condition tastes aversion are a result of adaption that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful

Evolutionary

The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful.

Evolutionary

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing difference in brain activity levels between patients with Schizophrenia and controls with psychological disorder. Their hypothesis requires a high requirement a high level of detail

Functional magnetic resonace imaging

Wendy mother has blue eyes and her has brown eyes. The allele for brown eyes color is dominated (B) to the allele for blue eyes color (b) but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore Wendy ______ must be ______ and her father must be Bb

Genotype, bb

Terri Scriabin went to Cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen leave only her brain stem function

Groan and move her eyes

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures.

Which statement about B.F Skinner is correct

He is famous for demonstrating the principle of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstraited

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

Peter had an injury that caused to his brain. As a result he can longer form new memories about people he meet

Hippocampus

Peter has a injury that caused damage to his brain. As a result he can no longer form new memories. which part of peter brain is most damage

Hippocampus

_____ is state of equilibrium in which biological conditions are maintained at optimal level

Homeostasis

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold

Hypothalamus

Which of the following conclusion can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gages accident, which led to brain injury

Injury to the brain causes change in behavior and specific brain area are linked to particular behavior

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from case study of Phinease Gagea accident which led to brain injury

Injury to the brain causes change in behavior and specific brain ares are linked to particular behavior

In classic conditioning the association that is learned is between a

Neutral stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus

Ainsley is particting in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab she ingest a tracer and then enter the scanning machine. what type of brain imaging more likely being conducted in this study?

Positron emission tomography

____ assert that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate and our environment interacts with our gene to determine where within those boundaries

Range of reaction

According to psychologists ______ classic conditions is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship

Rescoria

According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS.

Rescorla

The _____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation increases respiration

Sympathetic

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing

Temperature, touch, and pain

The ______ of a neuron contain ____ that house neurotransmitter the chemical messenger of the nervous system

Terminal button , synaptic vesicles

The _________ of neuron contain _______ that house neurotransmitter the chemical messenger of the nervous system

Terminal button synaptic vesicles

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associative

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked

_________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation

beta-endorphin

The two major division of the nervous system are the

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanley's nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________.

conditioned response

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanleyâ s nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________.

conditioned response

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Elania has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and a joey (baby kangaroo) moving to its motherâ s pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

latent

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called ________.

spontaneous recovery

You are a big fan of your grandmotherâ s chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________.

stimulus generalization

The space between two neurons is called the

synapse

Which of the following is an example of a reflex?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration