pys 11

11. Which of the following defines intimacy? a. A sense of trust unconditional giving and receiving of love b. Partners display caring, warmth, acceptance, and social support c. Partners display positive affect toward each other d. Feelings and actions that serve to maintain the relationship

b

16. In determining the causes of others' behavior, we overemphasize ________ factors this is the ___________. a. person self-serving bias b. person fundamental attribution error c. situational self-serving bias d. situational fundamental attribution error

b

2. Which term is correctly matched with its definition? a. social norms - the thought processes that help us predict and understand our own behavior and that of others b. social psychology -the study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions c. social cognition - the accepted beliefs concerning appropriate behaviors d. All of these are correctly paired.

b

1. Dr. Handy studies how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Dr. Handy studies ____________ psychology. a. developmental b. personality c. cognitive d. social

d

12. People who are committed to a close relationship: a. are less interested in other potential mates b. are less able to imagine themselves with another partner c. see their partners as more attractive d. A, B, and C

d

13. One makes an attribution when one: a. forms an evaluation of an object, person, event, or behavior b. resolves the conflict between two contradictory thoughts c. is influenced by a persuasive message d. decides on the causes of an individual's behavior

d

17. If we do well on a test, we say, "I got an A!" If we do poorly, we say, "She gave me an F." This best illustrates: a. the self-perception effect b. the fundamental attribution error c. a diffusion of responsibility d. the self-serving attributions

d

18. A relatively enduring evaluation of people, events, or objects is termed an ___________. a. attribution b. impression c. appraisal d. attitude

d

19. A magazine publisher asks you to commit to a brief trial subscription. Having committed to the trial subscription, you may be more likely to buy a full year-long subscription. This exemplifies the ___________ persuasion technique. a. door-in-the-face b. that's-not-all c. foot-in-the-mouth d. foot-in-the-door

d

22. The "Golden Rule" of "doing unto others" reflects the ________ norm. The "Christian duty" of helping others with no expectation of return reflects the __________. a. social responsibility reciprocity b. social responsibility social altruism c. reciprocity social altruism d. reciprocity social responsibility

d

24. Aggression directed at a target other than the source of frustration is termed _________ aggression. a. redirected b. repressed c. reactive d. displaced

d

34. Which alternative below correctly defines minority influence? a. A change in opinion or behavior in response to only one or two authority figures b. A change in behavior or attitudes reflecting a desire to match the opinions of the few people of higher status c. A strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist conformity d. Conformity in which a smaller number of individuals changes the behavior or opinions of a larger number of individuals

d

40. Your text states that "group members will work harder if they feel that their contributions to the group are known . . . ." Keeping group member contributions identifiable may therefore guard against: a. social inhibition b. the dominant response bias c. social facilitation d. social loafing

d

6. In Juanita's community, girls are not expected to enjoy or excel at mathematics. Juanita's algebra grades drop. By the time she is a high-school junior, she in enrolled only in consumer mathematics courses. Which concept does Juanita's example BEST illustrate? a. cognitive dissonance b. social identity c. fundamental attribution error d. self-fulfilling prophecy

d

10. Which of the following defines interdependence? a. Relying on the other to meet important goals b. Caring, warmth, acceptance, and social support c. Partners display positive affect toward each other d. Feelings and actions that serve to maintain the relationship

a

14. "Probably, he cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person." This is a ____________ attribution. a. person b. situation c. fundamental d. self-serving

a

15. Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error? a. We overemphasize person factors when explaining the behavior of others b. We overemphasize situation factors when explaining other people's behavior c. We overemphasize person factors in explaining our own positive outcomes d. We try learn about the personality of others by observing their behaviors

a

20. Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed: a. altruism b. compliance c. catharsis d. aggression

a

21. Which of the following does the "Golden Rule" of "doing unto others" illustrate? a. The reciprocity norm b. The social responsibility norm c. The causal attribution norm d. Cognitive dissonance

a

28. Your text states that children who witness violence are more likely to be aggressive. This statement suggests the contribution to aggression of _______ learning, associated with ___________. a. observational Bandura b. observational Tolman c. observational Skinner d. latent Bandura

a

3. An attitude is a(n): a. evaluation b. action c. feeling d. belief

a

32. On hearing you describe Milgram's results, your friend remarks that the participants must have been really weak-willed. This explanation of the participants' behavior reflects a _________ attribution for the behavior of the participants. a. person b. situation c. self-serving d. fundamental

a

33. Which alternative below correctly defines obedience? a. A change in behavior in response to authority b. A change in behavior or attitudes reflecting a desire for knowledge c. A strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist pressures to conform d. A change in behavior or attitudes reflecting the desire to be liked

a

36. Shannon's class presentation is better-performed than the same speech she practiced alone at home the previous evening. Tracy's class presentation, though, is worse than the same speech she practiced alone. What might you conclude on the basis of this information? a. Shannon had learned her presentation better than Tracy had learned hers. b. Tracy had learned her presentation better than Shannon had learned hers. c. Shannon's arousal level in the classroom was higher than Tracy's. d. Tracy's arousal level in the classroom was higher than Shannon's.

a

37. Which of the following best defines groupthink? a. A group process losses caused by strong conformity pressures in a group b. A group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do alone c. A group process gain that is the result of effective brainstorming d. The tendency to overvalue the productivity of a group

a

38. Which of the following best defines the illusion of group productivity? a. A group process losses caused by strong conformity pressures in a group b. A group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do alone c. A group process gain that is the result of effective brainstorming d. The tendency to overvalue the productivity of a group

a

39. Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink? a. "I'm glad that we are again in agreement about this decision" b. "Let's consider the situation one more time from a different perspective." c. "I think we need to get an outside expert to help us." d. "Let's take a short break before we continue."

a

9. "Birds of a feather flock together." "Opposites attract." Which of these sayings does psychological research most strongly support? a. "Birds of a feather flock together." b. "Opposites attract." c. Both about equally d. Neither

a

26. Mr. and Mrs. Mayers encourage their growing sons to join local rugby and lacrosse leagues they believe such sports help the boys "blow off steam." The notion that engaging in less harmful aggressive actions will curtail more serious aggression is termed _________ it is associated with the psychologist _________. a. catharsis Bandura b. catharsis Freud c. catharsis Jung d. desensitization Bandura

b

29. Over time, people tend to show weaker responses to emotional stimuli. This tendency is termed ___________. a. catharsis b. desensitization c. extinction d. habituation

b

31. The classic "shock" study of obedience is associated with: a. Asch b. Milgram c. Festinger d. Sharif

b

35. Which alternative best captures the relationship of physiological arousal to social inhibition on the one hand, and to social facilitation on the other? a. Both social inhibition and social facilitation reflect a decrease in physiological arousal. b. Increased arousal may produce either social inhibition or social facilitation. c. Social facilitation reflects a decrease in arousal, whereas social inhibition reflects increased arousal. d. Social facilitation reflects an increase in arousal, whereas social inhibition reflects decreased arousal.

b

4. Which of the following is the best definition of prejudice? a. A cognitive belief or expectation about a particular social group. b. The tendency to dislike people because of their group memberships. c. A behavior that is harmful to the members of an outgroup. d. A negative behavioral tendency with respect to the persons who are the object of prejudice.

b

5. Which of the following is the correct definition of prejudice? a. A negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members b. A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members c. Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group d. Consideration of individuals for their personal qualities and not their membership in a group

b

7. Self-fulfilling prophecies perpetuate stereotypes by a. increasing the likelihood that perceivers create subtypes. b. eliciting stereotype-confirming behavior from others. c. threatening individual self-esteem. d. reducing ingroup favoritism.

b

23. What was the main finding Latané and Darley's study in which they timed how long it took participants working either alone or in small groups to report smoke entering the experimental room? a. Participants working alone reported the smoke more quickly than did the participants working in a group. b. Participants working in groups reported the smoke more quickly than did the participants working alone. c. Participants working on a group project reported the smoke more quickly than did participants working on an individual project. d. Participants were more likely to help when the social responsibility norm was salient.

c

25. A psychologist encourages her patients to release their frustration by hitting their pillow as hard as they can. The psychologist apparently believes in a. social learning theory b. Parkinson's second law c. catharsis d. the adaptation-level phenomenon

c

27. With respect to its scientific evaluation, the notion of catharsis: a. remains to be tested empirically b. has found moderate support in empirical research c. has generally failed to find support in empirical research d. has a picture of mixed empirical support

c

30. How might the presence of a single dissenter influence the degree of conformity seen in a study modeled on Asch's classic investigation? a. It would have no effect. b. It would reduce it, but only slightly. c. It would greatly reduce it. d. The effect of a single dissenter would depend on other aspects of the situation.

c

8. Barry believes it is wrong to cheat but he ends up cheating on his biology exam. After he cheats he feels a discomfort about this behavior. Barry is experiencing which of the following? a. Negative arousal b. Self perception c. Cognitive dissonance d. Emotional the adaptation

c