Pyschology 1302 - Chapter 8 - Memory - Quiz Bank

What are the two components of declarative memory?

Episodic and semantic

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

Explicit

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.

We process memories in the same way that a computer processes information

People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.

It can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.

Encoding information occurs through ________.

Automatic processing and effortful processing

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Cerebellum

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in?

The Stroop effect

What is episodic memory?

A type of explicit memory that includes a person's personal experiences

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

Acoustic Encoding

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

Being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics.

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

Recognition

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

Rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

Relearning

What is procedural memory?

Type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

Using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding.

Visual Encoding

What is semantic memory?

Type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

________ encoding is the encoding of images.

Visual Encoding

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

Another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

Anterograde

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Arousal theory

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

Bias

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

Construction; reconstruction

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are those we are consciously aware of and can recall intentionally. Implicit memories are those that are not conscious and we do not deliberately remember or reflect on.

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Flashbulb memory

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

Focusing on the meaning of information or relating it to other things that we already know.

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

Hindsight

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

Long-term

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

Memory

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

Memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running

Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have ________.

Modified the way witnesses are questioned

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

Persistence

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV.

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

Retrieval

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

Retrograde

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

Retrograde; anterograde

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

Self-Reference Effect

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Semantic Encoding

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

Semantic Encoding

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

Sensory memory

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________.

Short-term memory itself has different forms. In this model, storing memories in short-term memory is like opening different files on a computer and adding information

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction times slows when it must deal with conflicting content.

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory.

Transcience