Pyschology Chapter 8

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

retrograde; anterograde

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self-reference effect

Chunking makes it easier to hold more information in your:

short term / working memory

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________.

short-term memory itself has different forms

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Rephrasing text material in your own words so that it has meaning (or even better, explaining the meaning to someone else) is an effective way of facilitating learning. This is an example of

Elaborative Rehearsal

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime. Should you believe that the testimony is valid when a witness testifies so forcefully?

No, because there is a strong possibility that confidence and correct recall do not go hand in hand.

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

Recognition

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.

acoustic

Carmilla cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

arousal

The key to the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory was to _______.

cue the participants, using a tone, as to which line of the matrix they were to report

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny, or whether the water in the sink drains clockwise or counterclockwise, is most likely due to a failure in:

encoding

When you are in an argument with your partner and feeling sad and angry, you can much more easily remember all of the wrong things s/he has ever done and other times you have been angry with one another. It is, however, more difficult to recall all of the wonderful happy times you've shared together. This best illustrates the impact of ____________.

encoding specificity

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of ____________ memories.

episodic

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

The hippocampus plays a critical role in ________ memory, as illustrated by the case of H.M., who had damage to this area

explicit/declarative

In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long-term