Pyshcology
George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term memory is between ________ units of information.
5 and 9
Which of the following statements is true regarding brain development in humans?
During childhood, synaptic connections in the brain increase dramatically.
A woman fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. What memory problems is she most likely to have now? Margaret will have difficulty with short-term memories. Margaret will have difficulty remembering her address and telephone number. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. Margaret will have difficulty adding numbers.
Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories.
________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information.
The representativeness heuristic
How long does information last in sensory memory?
a fraction of a second to several seconds
Claudia plans to cook her mother's famous lasagna. She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) category. heuristic. algorithm subgoal.
algorithm
Mazie's mom is loving and caring. She sets clear expectations for Mazie's behavior but allows a verbal give-and-take. In terms of parenting styles, Mazie's mom can be described as
authoritative.
When asked to memorize the 15 letters, C I A C B S A B C F B I I R S, Mary reorganizes them into CIA, CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. Mary used the tactic of
chunking
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. analytical naturalist intrapersonal creative
creative
Recalling the names of the members of a famous football team is an example of Multiple implicit memory. declarative memory procedural memory.iconic memory.
declarative memory
Elsa is studying for her psychology exam with the TV on in the background. Research on the effects of divided attention suggests that watching TV while studying will ________ Elsa's exam performance.
decrease
Chloe is a baby who cries a lot. She does not eat or sleep on a regular schedule, and she often has difficulty adapting to new experiences. According to psychiatrists Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas, Chloe's temperament can be described as
difficult
Your roommate is having difficulty in his chemistry class. He asks you for advice on how to improve his memory of the material. You suggest that rather than trying to memorize the definitions, he should learn the concept by coming up with real-world examples. You tell him to work on making links between new information and everything he already knows. Which of the following memory strategies are you recommending to your roommate?
elaboration
Best friends Kate and Diana are at the park, watching their children play together. Kate reminds Diana about the time that they had a big fight on the same playground as children and didn't talk to each other for almost a week. In the context of long-term memory, Kate's recollection of this event best exemplifies the use of her ________ memory. procedural semantic implicit episodic
episodic
Which of the following is the correct course of prenatal development?
germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period
People often form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. This type of reasoning is known as inductive reasoning deductive reasoning. subgoaling. problem spacing.
inductive reasoning
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is
logical, systematic, abstract, and idealistic.
In which subsystem of long-term memory is your knowledge of how to drive a car and how to ride a bike stored? declarative (explicit) memory nondeclarative (implicit) memory semantic memory episodic memory
nondeclarative
You tried to play peek-a-boo with your 1-month-old nephew, but whenever you hid your face, he would cry. You try it again six months later, and now he laughs and enjoys the game, trying to uncover your face with his hands. Your nephew has begun to develop
object permanence.
Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric thought?
preoperational
Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's ________ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing ________ abilities.
recognition; recall
A prototype is a representation of the average or ideal member for a concept. strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. way in which information is processed and manipulated in the decision-making process. tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them.
representation of the average or ideal member for a concept
Which of the following are most closely associated with the nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate?
social experiences
According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following frames of mind describes the ability to think three-dimensionally? spatial intrapersonal naturalist existentialist
spatial
________ refers to a language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantic
syntax
Haruto, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. In this case, Haruto's experience demonstrates
the availability heuristic.
According to ________, as we age, our cells become less capable of dividing.
the cellular-clock theory
If a child's mental age is higher than their chronological age, this means that
the child's IQ is above average.
Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior. Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence
the development of the prefrontal cortex is slower than that of the amygdala.
