Python Chapter 1 Review

The largest value that can be stored in a byte with eight bits is _.

255

What do you call a tiny switch that can either be set to on or off?

A bit

What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent?

A bit that is turned on represents a 1, one that is turned off represents a 0.

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A compiler translates source code and creates a separate machine language program that the CPU can analyze whenever it needs. An interpreter translates and executes instructions simultaneously.

The ______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. A.) Assembler B.) Compiler C.) Translator D.) Interpreter

A.) Assembler

A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. A.) Byte B.) Bit C.) Switch D.) Transistor

A.) Byte

*The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ______. A.) Hardware B.) Software C.) The operating system D.) Tools

A.) Hardware

*A video display is A(n) ______. A.) Output device B.) Input device C.) Secondary storage device D.) Main memory

A.) Output device

*This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. A.) RAM B.) Secondary storage C.) The disk drive D.) The USB drive

A.) RAM

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called ______. A.) Syntax B.) Punctuation C.) Key words D.) Operators

A.) Syntax

Negative numbers are encoded using the ______ technique. A.) Two's complement B.) Floating-point C.) ASCII D.) Unicode

A.) Two's complement

A programmer, or software developer, is a person with the training and skills necessary to ____________ computer programs. design create test All of the above

All of the above

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

Application Software

In the ______ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. A.) Fetch B.) Decode C.) Execute D.) Immediately after the instruction is executed

B) Decode

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see ______. A.) Java code B.) A stream of binary numbers C.) English words D.) Circuits

B.) A stream of binary numbers

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is ______ A.) Binary numbering B.) ASCII C.) Unicode D.) ENIAC

B.) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

*A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called ______. A.) An output device B.) An input device C.) A secondary storage device D.) Main memory

B.) An input device

In a(n) ______ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. A.) Hexadecimal B.) Binary C.) Octal D.) Decimal

B.) Binary

A(n) ______ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. A.) Assembler B.) Compiler C.) Translator D.) Utility

B.) Compiler

Real numbers are encoded using the ______ technique. A.) Two's complement B.) Floating-point C.) ASCII D.) Unicode

B.) Floating-point

*Today, CPUs are small chips known as ______. A.) ENIACs B.) Microprocessors C.) Memory chips D.) Operating systems

B.) Microprocessors

*A(n) ______ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. A.) Compiler B.) Program C.) Interpreter D.) Programming Language

B.) Program

Computers can only execute programs that are written in ______. A.) Java B.) Assembly language C.) Machine language D.) C++

C.) Machine language

*The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in ______. A.) Secondary storage B.) CPU C.) Main memory D.) Microprocessor

C.) Main memory

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: ______. A.) 1 B.) −1 C.) 0 D.) "no"

C.) O

*A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time—even when there is no power to the computer—is called ______. A.) RAM B.) Main memory C.) Secondary storage D.) CPU storage

C.) Secondary storage

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is ______. A.) Binary numbering B.) ASCII C.) Unicode D.) ENIAC

C.) Unicode

What are the five major components of a computer system?

CPU RAM Secondary Storage Input Output

What is a common example of of a program stored in ROM?

Computer startup program, recovery program

A byte is made up of eight ______. A.) CPUs B.) Instructions C.) Variables D.) Bits

D.) Bits

*The part of a computer that runs programs is called ______. A.) RAM B.) Secondary storage C.) Main memory D.) CPU

D.) CPU

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______. A.) Binary instructions B.) Mnemonics C.) Commands D.) Key words

D.) Key words

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called ______ . A.) Bits B.) Bytes C.) Color packets D.) Pixels

D.) Pixels

Which of the following is not a microprocessor manufacturing company? Intel Dell AMD Motorola None of these

Dell

____________ is data that is stored in binary. Bitwise data Electronic information Digital data Biometric data

Digital data

The ____________ is considered by many to be the world's first programmable electronic computer. UNIVAC ENIAC Apple II Harvard MARK I

ENIAC

________ was the first high-level programming language designed that could perform complex mathematical calculations? A. COBOL B. Ada C. FORTRAN D . Java E. C++

FORTRAN

True or False: Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

False

True or False: ROM, like RAM, is volatile memory.

False ROM is nonvolatile. It does not lose its contents, even when the computer is turned off

True or False: Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

False. Assembly language is a low-level language.

True or False: Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

False. Today, CPUs are tiny devices referred to as microprocessors.

True or False: ROM, like RAM, is volatile memory.

False. ROM is nonvolatile. It does not lose its contents, even when the computer is turned off

True or False: A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False. Syntax errors are some of the most common reasons a program can be prevented from compiling and executing.

What is the first step of the FDE cycle?

Fetch - The first step a CPU needs to take when handling instructions is to fetch the next instruction from memory.

To write a program, most programmers use specialized software packages called:

IDE integrated development environments

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

Input Device (keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone..)

A computer system consists of all of the following, except ________. Secondary storage devices Operating System Central processing system Input and Output devices Main memory

Operating System

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Operating System

What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Operating System

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

Output Devices (video display, printers, disk drives, CD recorders)

Which part of the computer can be thought of as the "work area"?

RAM

Another kind of memory that is stored in chips inside the computer is known as...

ROM

Which part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when no power is present?

Secondary Storage

Programs that are used to create, modify, and test software.

Software Developments Tools (assemblers, compilers, interpreters)

Which part of the computer actually runs programs?

The CPU

Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer?

The CPU is the component of the computer that holds all the responsibility for running programs, which are the only reason computers exist.

*True or False: The CPU understands instructions in machine language, which are written in binary.

True

*Without a CPU, a computer cannot run software. True/False

True

The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the microprocessors of the same brand. True/False

True

The main reason for using secondary storage is to hold data for long periods of time, even when the power to the computer is turned off. True or False:

True

True or False: An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

True

True or False: Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.

True

True or False: Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

True

True or False: Main memory is also known as RAM.

True

True or False: Windows Vista, Linux, UNIX®, and Mac OS X are all examples of application software.

True

____________ are small devices that plug into the computer's USB port and appear to the system as disk drives. Virtual disk drives Universal serial bus (USB) drives Floppy disk drives External disk drives

Universal serial bus (USB) drives

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

Utility Program

____________ is a free popular programming environment that is available for download from the Microsoft Web site. Visual Studio The MSDN library Internet Explorer

Visual Studio

RAM is a type of memory used for temporary storage while a program is running. What is that type of memory known as?

Volatile Memory memory that is used for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM is a type of memory used for temporary storage while a program is running. What is that type of memory known as?

Volatile Memory memory that is used fro temporary storage while a program is running.

What is an interpreter program?

a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks are known as ____________. operating systems utility programs application software system software

application software (Word processing, Spreadsheet, Database, Presentation)

*The smallest storage location in a computer's memory is known as a ________. letter bit word byte switch

bit

What term can be used to describe anything that uses binary numbers? processor digital machine language mnemonic computer

digital

A(n) ____________ is any device that works with binary data. electronic module digital device binary machine computational tool

digital device

*When a computer is performing the tasks that a program tells it to do, we say that the computer is running, or ____________ the program. compiling processing executing reading

executing

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in a process that is known as the ____________. fetch-decode-execute cycle ready-set-go phase code assembly process compilation sequence

fetch-decode-execute cycle

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

high-level language (Java, C++, Python, Visual Basic, C#, Ada, Fortran)

What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?

interpreter

Assembly language is referred to as a :

low-level language

Because assembly language is so close in nature to machine language, it is referred to as a ____________. high-level language low-level language machine-like language linked language

low-level language

A computer's CPU can only understand instructions that are written in:

machine language

Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as ____________. mnemonics keywords operators terms

mnemonics

The compact disk (CD) and digital versatile disk (DVD) are known as ____________ devices. optical binary legacy encoded

optical

The statements written in a high-level language are called :

source code

The individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language are called ____________. directives commands statements orders

statements

A(n) ____________ is a mistake such as a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator. parsed anomaly syntax error code bug illegal operation

syntax error

The programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer are generally referred to as ____________. application software RAM system software output devices

system software

*True or False: The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the microprocessors of the same brand.

true

A(n) ____________ performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data. utility program secondary storage device USB drive operating system

utility program (virus scanners, file compression programs, data backup program)