q4

Milestones are easy to achieve and are always achieved through one main activity.

false

The arrows in a network diagram represent missed milestones in a project.

false

The final process in project time management is developing the schedule.

false

The project management plan and project funding requirements are inputs of the process of controlling costs.

true

The technique of fast tracking can result in lengthening the project schedule.

true

Start-to-finish relationships are the most frequently used dependencies between activities.

false

The main disadvantage of crashing is that it lengthens the time needed to finish a project.

false

When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, one should include sunk costs.

false

The primary output of the planning cost management process is a change request.

false

Intangible costs can be easily measured in monetary terms.

false

Knowing the amount of float allows project managers to know whether a project schedule is flexible.

true

It is important for the activity list and activity attributes to be in agreement with the work breakdown structure.

true

Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing.

true

In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, it indicates that costs are less than planned.

false

One of PERT's main disadvantages is that it does not address the risk associated with duration estimates.

false

Overrun is the additional percentage amount by which estimates exceed actual costs.

false

Which of the following is a similarity between scope control and schedule control?

Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.

Which of the following is a network diagramming technique used primarily to predict total project duration?

Critical path analysis

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

Developing the schedule

_____ dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options.

Discretionary

In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?

Estimating activity durations

Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities?

External

Which of the following is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process?

Project documents update

_____ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

Gantt charts

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

Sequencing activities

Which of the following is a relationship in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started?

Start-to-start

Which of the following is true of dummy activities?

They show logical relationships between activities.

_____ is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date.

Total slack

In project time management, the ultimate goal of _____ is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.

developing a schedule

Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using _____, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks.

feeding buffers

AOA network diagrams use only _____ dependencies.

finish-to-start

A Tracking Gantt chart is based on the percentage of work completed for project tasks or the actual start and finish dates.

true

A cost management plan can include organizational procedures links, control thresholds, and process descriptions.

true

A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or tasks.

true

The critical path on a project can change as the project progresses.

true

_____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

Parkinson's Law

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

In an AOA network diagram, _____ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

bursts

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____.

crashing

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

defining activities

In project time management, the next step after defining project activities is:

determining their dependencies.

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to:

estimate the duration of activities.

A backward pass through the network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.

false

A budgetary estimate is the most accurate of the three types of estimates.

false

A disadvantage of using Gantt charts is that they do not provide a standard format for displaying planned project schedule information.

false

A drawback of the precedence diagramming method is that it cannot be used unless dummy activities are employed.

false

A drawback of the project management software is that it does not have the capacity to calculate the critical path(s) for a project.

false

A merge occurs when one node precedes mutiple nodes.

false

A negative schedule variance means that it took lesser than planned to perform the work.

false

After defining project activities, the next step in project time management is developing the schedule.

false

The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities is known as a _____.

free slack

The _____ for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date.

late start date

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

longest; shortest

A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.

milestone

The first process involved in project time management is _____ .

planning schedule management

Estimates should become more accurate as time progresses.

true

To define activities, the project team should start with reviewing the schedule management plan, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational processes.

true

Budgetary estimates are made even before a project is officially started.

false

Contingency reserves are also known as unknown unknowns.

false

In a Gantt chart, thick black bars represent milestones achieved in a project.

false

Critical chain scheduling assumes that resources multitask and maximizes multitasking

false

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

Which of the following techniques involve doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence?

Fast tracking

Which of the following is true of a finsih-to-finish dependency?

It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished.

A network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities is known as a(n) _____.

PDM

If the cost performance index (CPI) is less than 100 percent, the project is under budget.

false

In project time management, the process of_____ primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule.

controlling the schedule

In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.

defining activities

In project time management, which of the following processes generate the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?

defining activities

Analogous estimates are called activity-based costing.

false

A draft schedule for a project is most likely to be found in a _____.

project charter

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule

project management plan update

A schedule management plan includes information which describes the format and frequency of schedule reports required for the project.

true

A schedule performance index of one means that the project is on schedule.

true

An activity is an element of work that has an expected duration, cost, and resource requirements.

true

Definitive estimates are made one year or less prior to project completion.

true

IT project managers must be able to present and discuss project information both in financial and technical terms.

true

If an important supplier goes out of business, management reserves can be set aside to cover the resulting costs.

true

Project schedules grow out of basic documents such as the project charter.

true

Which of the following types of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project?

Mandatory

In a network diagram, it is mandatory for every item on the WBS to be shown instead of only those activities with dependencies.

false

Analogous estimates are the most accurate technique to estimate costs.

false

In a critical path analysis, the shortest path is what drives the completion date for the project.

false

Determining the budget involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time.

true

In a bottom-up estimate, the size of the individual work items is one of the factors that drives the accuracy of the estimates.

true

It is important for project managers to understand that every cost estimate is unique.

true

One of the reasons why project cost estimates are inaccurate is because human beings are biased toward underestimation.

true

Parametric models are reliable when the models are flexible in terms of the project's size.

true

Project managers must conduct cash flow analysis to determine net present value.

true

Spreadsheets are a common tool for cost estimating, cost budgeting, and cost control.

true

Supporting details for an estimate include the ground rules and assumptions used in creating the estimate.

true

The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.

true

Which of the following is an output of schedule control?

Lessons-learned reports

A difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM) is that:

PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

Which of the following documents is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule?

Project charter

If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work costs more than planned.

false

In project time management, one should control the schedule before estimating the duration for each activity.

false

In project time management, the next step after sequencing activities is to define these activities.

false

In project time management, the primary output of defining activities is a schedule management plan.

false

It is important for project managers to focus on indirect costs because they can be easily controlled.

false