Questions from Cancer Management Book

List the four steps in the logic model for combining information from these four data sources.

(a) Demographic characteristics (poverty and literacy) contribute to (b) risk behaviors (smoking or not being screened), which contribute to (c) the incidence of cancer and/or stage at diagnosis, which contributes to (d) mortality from the disease.

Name the current coding books used in the United States for (a) coding mortality and (b) coding neoplasms for cancer registries.

(a) International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10). Another name for coding "mortality" is coding death certificates. (b) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3)

Independent case ascertainment assesses completeness using estimations from an independent survey of cases.

...

IF GOAL THEN 1 Describe the observed mortality patterns in the cohort of patients 2 Measure the excess mortality associated with a cancer diagnosis 3 Have reliable cause of death information (e.g., clinical trials) 4 Unreliable information on cause of death but has accurate expected other cause mortality from general population for the cohort

1 Describe the observed mortality patterns in the cohort of patients Overall survival 2 Measure the excess mortality associated with a cancer diagnosis Net survival 3 Have reliable cause of death information (e.g., clinical trials) Cause-specific survival 4 Unreliable information on cause of death but has accurate expected other cause mortality from general population for the cohort Relative survival

When and where was the meeting that jump-started the expansion of international data collection on cancer rates?

1946 in Copenhagen

The SEER Program of the NCI was started in

1973.

The legislation enabling the NPCR was passed in

1992.

A patient is admitted to the reporting facility for the first time on 05/03/2010 having been recently diagnosed in the physician's office with prostate cancer. The patient received treatment for the prostate cancer during this admission. This is the only malignant primary cancer this patient has had in his lifetime. This will be the 279th case entered into the database for 2010. The complete accession number that will be assigned for the prostate primary will be

201000279. The accession number is a nine-digit number. The first four digits of the number indicate the year in which the patient was first seen for cancer in the reporting institution (2010 in this scenario). The remaining five digits of the number are the sequential order in which the patient was identified by the registry or abstracted into the database (00279 in this scenario).

Major changes to registry data changes by standard setters are instituted every ______ year(s).

3

How many member organizations are involved with the Commission on Cancer?

48

Cancer is a reportable disease, under state law, in how many states?

50, all states

According to the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Program Standards, abstracts must be completed within ______ months of date of first contact.

6

What percentage of newly diagnosed cancer patients are accessioned annually into the National Cancer Data Base?

70%

Which sentence(s) is (are) true? a. Computer monitors should be placed with the top line at or below eye level. b. Monitors should be directly in front of or facing windows. c. Monitors should be placed more than two arm lengths away. d. All of the above e. None of the above

A

How do reliability and reabstracting studies differ?

A reliability study uses a set of standardized medical charts by a sample of data collectors. This study is reviewing the range of answers and checking on consistency of those answers. A reabstracting study assesses the quality of the collected data by having a staff member reabstract a sample of abstracts from the medical records. This study is assessing discrepancies identified by the reabstractor.

Hospital and population-based cancer registries collect cancer data to Response: A. Be aggregated by a Federal agency. B. Be sent to the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). C. Meet standards of the Commission on Cancer (CoC). D. Be sent to the State cancer registry.

A. Be aggregated by a Federal agency.

Match the registries in the column with main supporting agencies below. There may be more than one type of registry for each supporting agency. A. Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Evaluation Registry B. National Exposure Registry C. Alzheimer's Disease Registry D. United States Eye Injury Registry E. Environmental Polymorphism Registry F. Lupus Registry G. Special Needs Emergency Registry H. Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Registry I. Cystic Fibrosis Registry J. Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry ______ Federal government ______ State government ______ Academic center ______ Not-for-Profit organization ______ Commercial enterprise

A. Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Evaluation Registry B. National Exposure Registry C. Alzheimer's Disease Registry D. United States Eye Injury Registry E. Environmental Polymorphism Registry F. Lupus Registry G. Special Needs Emergency Registry H. Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Registry I. Cystic Fibrosis Registry J. Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry _ B, F_____ Federal government _C, G_____ State government _A, E, H_____ Academic center __D, I____ Not-for-Profit organization __J____ Commercial enterprise

The caBIG was sponsored by the Response: A. National Cancer Institute (NCI). B. Commission on Cancer (CoC). C. National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). D. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACCR).

A. National Cancer Institute (NCI)

The three major initiatives for the Agenda for Change include: A. Redesign of TJC's Standards to stress the entire organization's effectiveness in patient services B. Patient outcomes are influenced by all of the activities of a healthcare organization C. Continuous improvement in the quality of care should be a priority of healthcare orga- nizations D. Redesign of the survey process to provide more interactive consultative services E. Development of a national performance measurement system, commonly known as the Indicator Measurement System F. TJC should focus on these activities of healthcare organizations that are most impor- tant to the quality of care G. Traditional assessments of compliance with standards should be complemented by the accredited organization's collection, analysis, and feedback of data that reflect their actual performance in undertaking key activities

A. Redesign of TJC's Standards to stress the entire organization's effectiveness in patient services D. Redesign of the survey process to provide more interactive consultative services E. Development of a national performance measurement system, commonly known as the Indicator Measurement System

The first code manual used in cancer registries was published by:

ACS

Founded in 1918 as a nonprofit, voluntary collaboration for standardization activities

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

What is the most important concern in coding neoplasms?

Accuracy

Which file format is recommended to publish documents to the Web because it is widely used by standard-setting organizations and has a free reader?

Acrobat (.pdf)

Define the following two terms: active follow-up and passive follow-up.

Active follow-up refers to someone initiating direct contact with patients. From a central registry perspective, active follow-up may also include contacts made by hospital registrars with physician's offices. Passive follow-up refers to methods that do not require registry contact with hospitals, physicians, or individual cancer patients. These methods usually involve computerized searches of existing nonregistry files that may contain the cancer patient's name, and follow-up status can be inferred.

A Web URL is entered into the____________ __________ of the Web browser.

Address bar

The outcome being measured; it may be death due to any cause or death related to a specific cause of interest such as the cancer under study.

An event of interest

How often should time-motion studies be performed?

At predetermined intervals or when a new or change of responsibility occurs

Match the actions with the appropriate guidelines. A. Producing complete, accurate, and timely information B. Truthfully and accurately representing Credentials, education and experience C. Revocation of the CTR credential D. Providing lists of patients for marketing purposes ______ Professionalism ______ Discharge of entrusted professional duties and responsibilities ______ Confidentiality and privacy ______ Breach of ethical conduct sanction

B A D C

Select the term that matches the statements below. A. Lead time error B. Administrative data items C. Relevance of a data item ______ Can be used to identify the coding scheme in use when a case was originally coded ______ Can change over time as medical knowledge changes ______ Can occur when medical technology advances and some cancers are diagnosed earlier in their progression than in the past

B C A

Which types of cancer registries can receive CoC approval for their cancer programs? Response: A. Population-based central registries B. Hospital-based registries C. Both (a) and (b) D. Neither (a) nor (b)

B. Hospital-based registries

What are the four underlying concepts for the Agenda for Change? A. Redesign of TJC's Standards to stress the entire organization's effectiveness in patient services B. Patient outcomes are influenced by all of the activities of a healthcare organization C. Continuous improvement in the quality of care should be a priority of healthcare organizations D. Redesign of the survey process to provide more interactive consultative services E. Development of a national performance measurement system, commonly known as the Indicator Measurement System F. TJC should focus on these activities of healthcare organizations that are most important to the quality of care G. Traditional assessments of compliance with standards should be complemented by the accredited organization's collection, analysis, and feedback of data that reflect their actual performance in undertaking key activities

B. Patient outcomes are influenced by all of the activities of a healthcare organization C. Continuous improvement in the quality of care should be a priority of healthcare organizations F. TJC should focus on these activities of healthcare organizations that are most important to the quality of care G. Traditional assessments of compliance with standards should be complemented by the accredited organization's collection, analysis, and feedback of data that reflect their actual performance in undertaking key activities

What do you call a government agency or court writ that has authority to compel the production of evidence? Response: A. Subpoena ad testificandum B. Subpoena duces tecum C. Both (a) and (b) D. Neither (a) nor (b)

B. Subpoena duces tecum

5. How can a Commission on Cancer (CoC)-trained consultant assist a program?

By guiding the cancer committee to understand their role

Which hospitals are required to submit data to the state cancer registry? Response: A. Hospitals with CoC approved cancer programs B. Hospitals without CoC approved cancer programs C. Both (a) and (b) D. Neither (a) nor (b)

C. Both (a) and (b)

What term refers to a unique numeric identifier assigned to machines on the Internet or an intranet? Response: A. URL B. Web address C. IP address D. None of the above

C. IP address

Computer-Based Patient Record Institute

CPRI

The Commission on Cancer's ________________ ________________ ___________________ ________________ ___________________ provides feedback to the CoC-accredited cancer programs on their performance to cancer quality measures.

Cancer Program Practice Profile Reports (CP3R)

The National Program of Cancer Registries' objectives are outlined in the ____________________.

Cancer Registries Amendment Act.

"The use of evidence-based prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and continuing care intervention strategies to reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality in defined populations."

Cancer control.

What organization compiles the National Cancer Data Base and heads the Approvals Program for hospitals in the United States?

Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons

Represents the proportion of people alive on a certain day who previously had a diagnosis or the disease, regardless of how long ago the diagnosis was, or if the patient is still under treatment or is considered cured (http://srab.cancer.gov/prevalence/).

Complete prevalence

Completing an abstract as information becomes available is called ____________ abstracting.

Concurrent

____________________ _____________________are descriptions of key elements in the process of care that should be accomplished to achieve maximum quality and maximum cost.

Critical pathways

A necessary element for a real-time reporting system is Response: A. Adequate cancer registry staff. B. Efficient transmission of data from the hospital to the central registry. C. Cooperation between the hospital and central registry. D. Data source streams from key departments of the facility

D. Data source streams from key departments of the facility

Congress granted regulatory powers to the following agencies Response: A. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). B. The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). C. The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Commission on Cancer (CoC). D. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) and the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR).

D. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) and the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR).

Name the five key components of a metafile.

Data Dictionary Record Layouts Edit Sets Standard Setting Agencies User Lookup Tables

Which matching method follows this rule: "A match cannot be made if one data file is missing a critical data field"?

Deterministic

Name three challenges to standardizing data edits.

Differing computer language in registry systems Standard specifications may be programmed differently Incomplete editing of data during data entry

A listing of patients seen in a hospital, both inpatient and outpatient, with ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes.

Disease Index

Name facility sources used to identify cases.

Disease indices, pathology and laboratory reports, patient logs, and other similar resources

What is the name of the Edits feature that allows a user to note that the data are unusual, but correct?

Edit Over-ride

3. Name two purposes of the survey?

Education Evaluation

What is the primary role of the program coordinators?

Ensure that the activity for a specified program area fulfills the requirements

How often should a registry plan to replace desktop computers?

Every 3 to 5 years

What does the metafile contain?

Everything necessary to edit the data, except the data

What is an objective of the American Cancer Society/Commission on Cancer partnership?

Expanding cancer awareness/information availability, as well as American Cancer Society (ACS) services delivery at the community level, increasing utilization of ACS services and programs at Commission on Cancer (CoC)-accredited cancer programs, engaging the Cancer Liaison Physicians in the CoC-accredited cancer programs to support implementation of local prevention and early detection programs and state cancer plans, and promotng CoC-accredited cancer programs and the quality of care provided at these facilities

If the occupation code sometimes represents the patient's dominant lifetime occupation, sometimes the current occupation, and sometimes the most recent occupation, reliability can be improved by changing the codes applied.

False

NAACCR has no role in managing the generation of new registry data items.

False

The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) Cancer Surveillance System (CSS) was authorized by National Cancer Act in 1971.

False The CDC-funded NPCR is a population-based system of cancer registries established in 1992 by the Cancer Registries Amendment Act (Public Law 102-515).

In addition to running the NCDB metafile, what other practice is beneficial to perform before NCDB file submission?

GenEdits Plus

What are the four components of the Determinates of Quality?

Guidelines , performance measures, outcomes, and research and training

The gathering of healthcare information electronically across organizations within a region or community

HIE (Healthcare Information Exchange)

A patient's right to personal privacy and confidential handling of medical records is covered under what important federal law concerned with health insurance portability?

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) is United States legislation that provides data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information.

Canada's provinces and territories administer publically funded health insurance programs by assigning a unique, lifetime identifier referred to as the _____________________.

Health Card Number

What does HL7 stand for and what is it?

Health Level Seven is a widely used data exchange standard in the healthcare industry.

HTTP stands for

HyperText Transfer Protocol.

Who is ultimately responsible for the developing of a cancer conference plan in a CoC-approved facility?

If the facility is approved by the CoC, the Cancer Committee is responsible. If the facility is not CoC approved, the facility should assign the responsibility to the individuals.

What are some unique features of the SEER database?

In addition to the capturing data on the anatomic origin of each cancer or primary site, there is information on more than 300 anatomic subsites and 500 histologic subtypes. The SEER Program is the only comprehensive source of population-based data in the United States that includes stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis and survival rates by stage. It is the population-based national source with the longest record of incidence and survival data with a 35-year history in most of its registries. Other unique features of the SEER database include depth of the database available for research, accessibility, and usability of public-use data and software; leadership in defining data elements and setting data standards; innovation in data collection, such as linkages and electronic data capture; and development of analytical methods for use with population-based data.

____________________ ___________ _______________ assessed completeness using estimations from an independent survey of cases.

Independent case ascertainment

Beginning in 2003, NCI funded SEER registries to link their data to what database, aimed at addressing racial misclassification in the cancer registries, and although not perfect, it is a logical step in the process of identifying addition cancer cases among American Indian and Alaska Native populations?

Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration database

IRB

Institutional Review Board

An abstract has an edit error that states the Surgery Summary of Scope of Regional Lymph Nodes (SurgSumScopeRegLN) field conflicts with the number of lymph nodes examined and number of lymph nodes positive. What kind of edit check is this?

Interitem edit

Name the primary role of the Cancer Liaison Physician.

Interpret and monitor their facility's National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) data and the facility's plan to use the information to evaluate and improve quality of care, report NCDB data to the cancer committee on a quarterly basis, report on Commission on Cancer activities to the cancer committee, and serve as liaison for their cancer program with the American Cancer Society and facilitate development of a collaboration plan.

What analytic software program is used to test trends in cancer statistics for statistical significance? .

Joinpoint (http://srab.cancer.gov/joinpoint/) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC; http://srab.cancer.gov/joinpoint/aapc.html)

In what publication would you find an abstract/article about developing a trauma registry?

Journal of Registry Management (JRM)

What is the open source language for managing and displaying geographic data on the internet?

KML

Terminology database facilitates the exchange of clinical results, such as blood hemoglobin, serum potassium, or vital signs, for clinical care, outcomes management, and research

LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes)

Represents the proportion of people alive on a certain day who had a diagnosis of the disease within the past x years.

Limited-duration prevalence

Match the registries in the column with purpose below. A. Tremolite Asbestos Registry B. Birth Defects Registry C. Intestinal Transplant Registry D. Breast Health Registry E. GIST Registry ______ Measure efficacy of treatment drugs ______ Monitor surgical procedure ______ Provide information about services ______ Analyze environmental exposure effects ______ Integrate treatment management

Match the registries in the column with purpose below. A. Tremolite Asbestos Registry B. Birth Defects Registry C. Intestinal Transplant Registry D. Breast Health Registry E. GIST Registry ____E_ Measure efficacy of treatment drugs ___C__ Monitor surgical procedure ___B___ Provide information about services __A____ Analyze environmental exposure effects ___D___ Integrate treatment management

Investigators have examined the use of cancer tests and procedures and the costs of cancer treatment through a collaborative effort linking SEER data to what other database?

Medicare claims data

Name the three edit components.

Metafile Edit Set Individual Edits

How many Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs are there in the United States and Puerto Rico?

More than 1,500

Which of the following are open-source database applications? Select all that apply. a. Microsoft Access b. Microsoft SQL Server c. MySQL d. Oracle e. Postgres

MySQL Postgres

What organization compiles data for Cancer in North America?

NAACCR

United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) contains data from:

NPCR & SEER.

Are notes of cancer conference discussion always discoverable during legal proceedings?

No, it depends on the state's laws.

Will commercial support change the format for cancer conferences?

No, the format should include the "disclosures" and "transparency" documents if CE's are provided.

____________________ was the name of the TJC's initiative to integrate performance processes into the accreditation process.

ORYX®

The abbreviations ONCHIT and ONC refer to ________________________________________ and ________________________________________, respectively.

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information and Office of National Coordinator,

The largest provincial/territorial registry in Canada is operated by the province of _______________________ and covers approximately 38% of the total Canadian population.

Ontario

What does PHR stand for?

Personal Health Record

What type of research is explained as "The conduct of basic and applied research in the behavioral, social, and population sciences to create or enhance interventions that, independently or in combination with bio-medical approaches, reduce cancer risk, incidence, morbidity and mortality."

Population-based cancer control research.

Defines the permissible means of access, use, and disclosure of the applicable patient information,

Privacy

Survival measures are often expressed as the ______________________ of patients alive at some point subsequent to the diagnosis of their cancer, or represented as the _________________ of a group of patients "surviving" a specified amount of time (e.g., 3, 5, or 20 years).

Proportion, probability

Give some examples of differences between prospective and retrospective case presentations.

Prospective cases are presented for discussion at the time of initial diagnosis with an emphasis on establishing accurate staging (clinical or pathologic), treatment options based on national treatment guidelines, and expected patient management plans. Prospective conferences may also include discussion of adjuvant therapy after the initial surgical treatment or treatment plans for a recurrence. The prospective approach is in essence a look forward, as opposed to the retrospective approach. Retrospective cases are discussed after the completion of all treatment, primarily for the purpose of education, and are not intended to influence the management of patient care.

What is the difference between quality control and quality assurance?

Quality control is a planned set of activities. Quality assurance is monitoring the processes and methods used to ensure quality.

____________________ is the process of identifying cases quickly for epidemiologic protocols.

Rapid Case Ascertainment

What method of a designed study would be used to monitor data completeness?

Reabstracting study

________________audit provides verification that coding guidelines and rules are correct as applied by the data collectors.

Recoding

Refers to the effective date on or after which all reportable cases should be registered in a registry database.

Reference date

What activity measures data consistency?

Reliability study

The first national cancer registry program was established by:

SEER

What coding system formed the basis for the Collaborative Staging (CS) System imple- mented in 2004 as part of the effort to simplify and standardize the rules and guidelines for collecting cancer data in the United States?

SEER Extent of Disease coding system

What advantages did the Data Management System (SEER*DMS) bring to central cancer registry operations?

SEER*DMS provides support for all core cancer registry functions—case finding, importing data, editing, linkage, consolidation, data submission, and reporting. SEER*DMS improves cost efficiency and reduces duplication of effort in terms of system maintenance and ad- ministration. Furthermore, the centralized system design and development improves data quality and consistency, increases efficiency, and increases the sharing of knowledge and experience among registries.

What computer language is often used to create, update, and delete data from a database?

SQL

Governs the operational and technical mechanisms necessary to protect personal information.

Security

SEER is being linked to the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS; http://surveillance. cancer.gov/disparities/nlms/) to add socioeconomic data at the individual level that cannot be obtained from the SEER database itself. What data elements are available in the NLMS?

Self-reported race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, occupation and industry, residence, nativity/immigrant status, smoking status, health status, and availability of health insurance

Name the three types of edits.

Single-Field Edits Inter-field Edits Inter-record Edits

Data submission to the NCDB is a requirement specified in which standard of the CoC's Cancer Programs Standards?

Standard 3.6

What was the main reason data edits were developed?

Standardization of data collection

Describe one method of creating complex logic for a report.

Start with a simpler version of the request that can be easily verified and add complexity.

What is most important to achieving interoperability with other data systems?

Supporting and adopting widely used data standards

1. What is SAR?

Survey application record

Potentially reportable cases that have been identified and are waiting to be abstracted are stored in what is called the:

Suspense System.

A case is included on a ____________________ during the casefinding process until the appropriate hospital or physician officially reports the case.

Suspense list

What committee determines the process and development of the Distinguished Member Award?

The Awards Committee

Name the two organizations responsible for the development of Edits software?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR)

Software that calculates complete prevalence based on limited-duration prevalence statistics (http://srab.cancer.gov/comprev/).

The ComPrev

List the two agencies to which facilities accredited by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer will report their data.

The NCDB and the state/territory's central cancer registry

What law led to the establishment of the SEER Program?

The National Cancer Act of 1971

For these questions, consider the following scenario: You are working with a researcher investigating whether taller men are at greater risk for prostate cancer than shorter men. To address this hypothesis, the researcher selected a sample of men from her state cancer registry who lived in a certain neighborhood and were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2009. She then randomly selected men from the same neighborhood as the cases who had never been diagnosed with prostate cancer (the controls). She collected information on the age at diagnosis(or an assigned reference date for the controls), race, and height at age 18 for the cases and controls (shown in Table 24-1). State the null and alternative hypotheses being tested.

The null hypothesis being tested is that there is no difference in prostate cancer risk be- tween taller and shorter men. The alternative hypothesis is that there is a difference in pros- tate cancer risk between taller and shorter men, or more specifically, that taller men are at greater risk for prostate cancer than shorter men.

Define the relative survival rate.

The relative survival rate is the ratio of the observed survival rate in the study population to the expected survival rate in the subset of the general population with the same characteristics as the study population. That is, the relative survival rate is the observed survival rate, adjusted because some of the subjects can be expected to die of causes of death other than that under study.

Why is it important for laptop computers to be configured with disk encryption?

They may be lost or stolen.

What is the purpose of an Edit Set?

To group individual edits

What were the two reasons given for the development of Edits software?

To improve the quality of data To standardize the way data items are checked for validity

Why are standard data edits created?

To test data against coding rules

Three industrial quality-control methodologies are

Total Quality Management Benchmarking Six Sigma.

In situ bladder cancer cases are included in the National Program of Cancer Registries Cancer Surveillance System analytic file. True or False

True

Step assessments are a necessary part of time-motion studies.

True

Web address is a synonym of URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

True

What group has members from all standard-setting organizations and whose goal is data standardization?

Uniform Data Standards Committee (UDSC) of the American Association of Central Cancer Registries (AACCR)

To improve survival and quality of life for cancer patients through standard setting, prevention, research, education, and the monitoring of comprehensive quality care

What is the goal of the Commission on Cancer

What is the "why, when, where and how" of edits? Why: When: Where: How:

Why: to identify incorrect data When: state or SEER submissions, NCDB Call for Data (Hospital Registries), NAACCR or NPCR Call for Data (Central Registries) Where: hospital or Central Registry How: Flag blank fields Indicate single-field edit errors Specify disagreement between multiple data fields Indicate potential errors that require manual review

13. Can two different data standards be syntactically interoperable but not semantically interoperable?

Yes

During the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009), attention was paid to, and support was given, to the emerging EHR environment

Yes

Is using national treatment guidelines required by the Commission on Cancer for a cancer conference in an approved facility?

Yes

Should review of the cases seen within your facility by primary site be completed when selecting cases for presentation at cancer conferences?

Yes, if the facility is CoC approved, case presentations are required based on the major sites within the facility.

List three agencies to which state/territory central cancer registries may report their data.

You may have listed any three of the following: a. NAACCR b. NPCR c. SEER d. Canadian Cancer Registry

Name three reports and publications based on NCDB data.

You may have named any of the following: a. Public benchmark reports b. Hospital Comparison Benchmark Reports c. NCDB Survival Reports d. Cancer Program Practice Profile Reports (CP3R)

What choices exist if the data requested are not routinely collected by the registry?

You may have named any of the following: a. Restructure the request to use routine data. b. Deny the request if data cannot be obtained for legal or practical reasons. c. Perform a special study to collect the desired information.

Name three types of scientific studies that can be based on central registry data.

You may have named any of the following: a. cancer mapping b. GIS c. ecologic or correlation d. case-control e. cohort f. genetic g. patterns of care h. survival surveillance i. cancer control

Name three purposes for central registries to perform record linkages:

You may have named any of the following: a. casefinding b. duplicate detection c. passive follow-up d. linking patients with other cohorts or risk exposure records

Name one National Cancer Data Base Web-based tool.

You may have named any one of the following: a. Benchmark Hospital Comparison Reports b. NCDB Survival Reports c. Cancer Program Practice Profile Reports d. Rapid Quality Reporting System e. NCDB Public Benchmark Reports

Name three of the most common methods of quality control of cancer data.

You may have named any three of the following most common methods: a. Visual review b. Computerized data edit checks c. Physician review of abstracted data d. Reabstracting audits e. Targeting specific areas of review through the generation of reports from the cancer registry database

Name three services that a cancer conference coordinator provides?

You may have named any three of the following: a. Case selection b. Facilitating cancer conference discussions c. Reviewing CoC requirements d. Providing recommendations for improvement of cancer conference

Identify three sources for use in selecting cases for presentation at cancer conferences.

You may have named any three of the following: a. Physician presenters will personally select the cases for discussion b. Evaluation of current in-house admissions with a diagnosis of cancer c. Evaluation of weekly pathology cases with a cancer-related diagnosis d. Cancer Registry involvement through disease index listings or other casefinding mechanisms.

Name three of the determining factors for setting the frequency and format of a cancer conference?

You may have named any three of the following: a. Program category b. Number of annual analytic accessions c. Types of cases seen by the facility d. Need for consultative services e. Need for educational activities (Requirements for the frequency and format of cancer conference are detailed in CoC Standard 2.6 [revised, 2009].)

Describe at least two differences between ICD and ICD-O.

You may have named any two of the following: a. Code structure (ICD-9 is numeric, ICD-O is alphanumeric) b. Code length (ICD-9 is 5 digits, ICD-O is 10 digits) c. Single axis (ICD-9) versus dual axis (ICD-O) d. Codes all diseases (ICD-9) versus codes neoplasms only (ICD-O) e. ICD-O is only a subset of ICD

What are two benefits of creating a presenter format for case presentation at a cancer conference?

You may have named any two of the following: a. Facilitate the discussions b. Adhere to the requirements of the CoC c. Provide useful information for registrar use

Name two ways the National Cancer Data Base data are used.

You may have named any two of the following: a. Measure treatment patterns and outcomes. b. Evaluate hospital provider performance. c. Conduct research and develop focused studies to meet the demand for an ongoing assessment of the quality of cancer care. d. Assess and validate nationally accepted quality measures for cancer care. e. Develop effective resources and tools to improve outcomes at the national, regional, and local levels.

Match the following words to the appropriate definition. A. Class of case B. Analytic C. Accession number D. Sequence number E. Date of diagnosis F. Visual review G. Edits H. Text ______ A computer program that compares the coded data with the rules for abstracting ______ The facility participated in either initially diagnosing and/or delivering all or part of the first course of treatment ______ Individual abstracts are reviewed to identify incomplete or inaccurate codes and information ______ Unique number assigned to a patient that can be used as a numerical control to identify the patient ______ Defines the role of the reporting facility in the management of the patient's cancer ______ The first time a medical practitioner confirms the presence of cancer ______ Validates the codes assigned in the abstract ______ Indicates the number of primaries a patient has had in his or her lifetime

__G___ A computer program that compares the coded data with the rules for abstracting __B____ The facility participated in either initially diagnosing and/or delivering all or part of the first course of treatment ___F___ Individual abstracts are reviewed to identify incomplete or inaccurate codes and information ___C___ Unique number assigned to a patient that can be used as a numerical control to identify the patient ___A___ Defines the role of the reporting facility in the management of the patient's cancer __E____ The first time a medical practitioner confirms the presence of cancer __H____ Validates the codes assigned in the abstract __D____ Indicates the number of primaries a patient has had in his or her lifetime

Match the registries in the column with its purpose below. A. AFIP DNA registry B. Nun Study C. National Marrow Donor Program D. Trauma Registry E. Advance Directive Registry ______ Making living wills accessible ______ Finding transplant matches ______ Identifying combat casualties ______ Tracking course of Alzheimer's disease ______ Preventing accidents

___E___ Making living wills accessible __C____ Finding transplant matches ___A___ Identifying combat casualties __B____ Tracking course of Alzheimer's disease ___D___ Preventing accidents

Match the items in the column to the categories below. A. Patient's last name B. Date of first registry case C. Confidentiality statement D. ICD-9 Manual ______ Case definition ______ Policy manual ______ Data item list ______ Coding standard

____B__ Case definition ____C__ Policy manual ____A__ Data item list ___D___ Coding standard

Number the abstracting activities listed below in the order in which they are performed.

_____ Prepare the abstract. _____ Disseminate data for reports and studies. _____ Determine whether the case is a new or separate primary. _____ Conduct quality control on the data. _____ Gather source documents. _____ Identify potentially reportable cases.

Indicate which section of the abstract each of the following data items would be grouped. Use the corresponding letter for the section of the abstract. P - Patient Identification C - Cancer Identification S - Stage of Disease at Diagnosis F - First Course of Treatment O - Outcomes ______ Laterality ______ Collaborative Stage Tumor Extension ______ Date of initial diagnosis ______ Vital status ______ Accession number ______ Hormone therapy ______ Behavior code ______ Summary Stage ______ Histology ______ Sequence number ______ Diagnostic confirmation ______ Radiation therapy ______ Social Security number ______ Date of last contact ______ Race ______ AJCC TNM ______ Date of birth ______ Collaborative Stage lymph nodes ______ Class of case ______ Surgical procedure of the primary site ______ Primary site ______ Cancer status ______ Grade/differentiation ______ Collaborative Stage metastasis at diagnosis ______ Chemotherapy

_____C_ Laterality _____S_ Collaborative Stage Tumor Extension ___C___ Date of initial diagnosis ___O___ Vital status ___P___ Accession number ____F__ Hormone therapy ___C___ Behavior code ____S__ Summary Stage ____C__ Histology ____P__ Sequence number ___c___ Diagnostic confirmation ____F__ Radiation therapy ____P__ Social Security number ____O__ Date of last contact ___P___ Race ___S___ AJCC TNM ____P__ Date of birth ____S__ Collaborative Stage lymph nodes ____C__ Class of case ___F___ Surgical procedure of the primary site ___C___ Primary site ___o___ Cancer status ____C__ Grade/differentiation ___S___ Collaborative Stage metastasis at diagnosis ___F___ Chemotherapy

Name three annual statistical reports where SEER data are combined with data from other national surveillance partners.

a. "Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer" b. Cancer in North America c. U.S. Cancer Statistics

Name five standard setters for central cancer registries. You may have named any of the following:

a. ACoS/CoC b. AJCC c. SEER d. NPCR e. NCRA f. NAACCR g. WHO

List the three parts of the NCDB data cycle.

a. Annual Call for Data b. Data processing that includes edit checks and writing case records to the CoC's data warehouse c. Data analysis and evaluation

The acronym ACTUR stands for: a. Automated Central Tumor Registry. b. Actual Registry. c. Automated Cancer and Tumor Registry. d. Actual Tumor Reporting System.

a. Automated Central Tumor Registry.

What are the four cornerstones of cancer program accreditation?

a. Cancer committee b. Cancer conferences c. Cancer registry d. Quality improvement program

4. Which of the following is not a use for the SAR? a. Design a cancer center b. Track program activities c. Customize the survey d. Report and analyze program activities across the country

a. Design a cancer center

List two methods of matching.

a. Deterministic b. Probabilistic

For more than two decades, NCI has utilized this flexible mechanism of Rapid Response Surveillance Studies (http://seer.cancer.gov/rapidresponse/) to conduct studies by individ- ual and collaborative groups of SEER investigators. What are the six categories of studies?

a. Evaluating methodologic issues b. Evaluating cancer treatment and outcomes c. Monitoring screening practices d. Monitoring health behaviors and risk factors e. Linking databases f. Improving technical aspects of registry operations

_____________________is an example of a Web 2.0 site. You may have named any of the following:

a. Facebook.com b. Wikipedia.com c. Linkedin.com d. Myspace.com e. Youtube.com

2. Which profession is not represented on the surveyor team? a. Facility administrators b. Surgeons c. Certified Cancer Registrars d. Medical Oncologists

a. Facility administrators

Name four sources of electronic data files.

a. Facility electronic health record b. Pathology laboratory c. Physician office/clinic including outpatient oncology d. Central registry

Through its Web site (http://seer.cancer.gov/), SEER makes available public-use data, which include SEER incidence and population data associated by age, sex, race, year of diagnosis, and geographic areas (including SEER registry and county). The data file is free, but a signed data agreement is required. Beyond the data/software package SEER*Stat, what is available on the Web site for statistical inquiries?

a. Fast*Stats b. Statistical Fact Sheets c. Cancer Query System (CANQUES)

What committee is represented by the Professional Development Board Director? a. Formal Education Program Review Committee b. Education Committee c. CTR Exam Prep Committee d. Alternative Methods Committee

a. Formal Education Program Review Committee

Name current drivers and standards of privacy and security protection.

a. HIPAA b. Industry standards c. Duty of care d. Patient interests

The primary quality-control concerns of central registries involve which two straightforward questions?

a. How complete is case ascertainment? b. How complete and accurate are the data that are collected?

List the four steps in the model for cancer control.

a. Identify the burden of cancer in geographic areas and by characteristics of person (measure). b. Share this information with community organizations so they can target the areas and populations most in need and plan appropriate intervention strategies (plan). c. Implement the intervention plan (act). d. Measure whether the desired changes occurred (measure).

Determining the number of primary tumors is: a. Important if registry data are to be comparable b. Is the same in the United States and worldwide c. Neither a nor b d. Both a and b

a. Important if registry data are to be comparable

Which quality method is most costly? a. Independent case ascertainment b. Reliability study c. Reabstracting study d. CoC survey review

a. Independent case ascertainment

Why should a probabilistic record linkage application be used to link records in a central registry? a. It makes it feasible and efficient to link data sets in a statistically justifiable manner. b. It increases the probability that two records can be matched. c. It allows weighted match probabilities to be ignored. d. It is faster than comparing two spreadsheets. e. It reduces the rate of typographical errors often found in registry data.

a. It makes it feasible and efficient to link data sets in a statistically justifiable manner.

List the three major types of cancer for which evidence-based cancer control intervention strategies are currently available.

a. Lung cancer b. Colorectal cancer c. Breast cancer

What is the backbone of the NCDB metafile? a. NAACCR standard edits b. FORDS standard edits c. SEER standard edits d. None of the above

a. NAACCR standard edits

NAACCR's first standards volume published in 1994 represented the status of agreed-on data items and codes. The groups agreeing to these standards were: a. NAACCR, American College of Surgeons, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Registrars Association. b. NAACCR, American Joint Commission on Cancer, American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute. c. NAACCR, National Cancer Data Base, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Regstrars Association. d. none of the above

a. NAACCR, American College of Surgeons, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Registrars Association.

Specify two substantial funding sources/organizations for population-based central registries.

a. NCI/SEER b. CDC/NPCR

Name three evaluation activities conducted by the National Program of Cancer Registries.

a. NPCR-CSS Data Evaluation Reports b. NPCR Program Evaluation Instrument c. NPCR Data Completeness and Quality Audits

List the six categories of information that the collected data in the NCDB include.

a. Patient characteristics b. Tumor staging c. Histology characteristics d. Type of first-course treatment administered e. Disease recurrence f. Survival information

The SEER registries routinely collect data on what types of information on the patients and their cancers?

a. Patient demographics b. Primary tumor site c. Tumor morphology and stage at diagnosis d. Initial course of cancer treatment e. Follow-up for vital status

What are the six common sections of a cancer registry abstract?

a. Patient identification b. Cancer identification c. Stage of disease at diagnosis d. First course of treatment e. Outcomes f. Case administration

List the four categories of cancer control research that use central cancer registry data.

a. Primary prevention and chemoprevention research b. Biomarkers, screening and early detection studies c. Patterns of care research d. Survivorship research

What are the goals and objectives for education and professional development in NCRA? a. Provide comprehensive educational opportunities that are accessible, cost appropri- ate and forward thinking. b. Develop a comprehensive education plan to meet the changing demands of the pro- fession and the CTR-credentialed individual. c. Deliver basic and advanced (post-CTR) education opportunities. d. Expand and enhance formal education opportunities. e. Monitor and encourage informatics role in cancer registry profession.

a. Provide comprehensive educational opportunities that are accessible, cost appropri- ate and forward thinking. b. Develop a comprehensive education plan to meet the changing demands of the pro- fession and the CTR-credentialed individual. c. Deliver basic and advanced (post-CTR) education opportunities. d. Expand and enhance formal education opportunities. e. Monitor and encourage informatics role in cancer registry profession.

List three benefits of cancer program accreditation. You may have named any three of the following:

a. Provides a framework for cancer program structure and process b. Includes access to cancer program and data standards c. Provides for external and internal assessments of the quality of care being provided to cancer patients d. Allows access to the National Cancer Data Base to assess and improve care e. Provides educational tools, resources, and best practices to enhance cancer program performance f. Results in promotion and recognition by the public, payers, and government agencies

What is secondary prevention? a. Slowing disease progression, preventing complications, and limiting disability b. Preventing a second cancer from occurring c. Requiring a second intervention to prevent the disease d. All of the above

a. Slowing disease progression, preventing complications, and limiting disability

What is not a principle of an Abstracting Methods course? a. Statistics and epidemiology b. Identification of cases that are eligible for cancer registry database inclusion c. Methods of documenting clinical information into data fields d. Independent practice on cancer registry data elements

a. Statistics and epidemiology

Which of the following is a method for protecting confidential data? a. Suppression of table cells that have low counts b. Sending password-protected data files using a secure method with the password c. Accurate statistical analysis of registry data d. Avoiding electronic distribution of data

a. Suppression of table cells that have low counts

CS resolved which issue between the other staging systems? a. Timing rules b. Depth of invasion c. Tumor size d. Distant lymph nodes

a. Timing rules

The complete ICD-O code for a neoplasm contains 10 characters. What are the principal parts of the code and what do they represent?

a. Topography (primary site): 4 characters b. Morphology (cell type): 4 digits c. Behavior: 1 digit d. Grade or differentiation: 1 digit

A probabilistic matching algorithm creates a match score based on the mathematical likelihood that identical or similar field values indicate a match. a. True b. False

a. True

An effective data quality management program is dependent on timely, complete, and high-quality data. a. True b. False

a. True

Both text and images can be hyperlinks in Web pages. a. True b. False

a. True

CPG are effective in translating research into clinical practice. a. True b. False

a. True

Collaborative Staging was originally developed to provide a translation between the TNM staging system of the AJCC and the SEER Summary Staging System. a. True b. False

a. True

Death clearance ensures that all persons with cancer on their death certificate are cor- rectly ascertained by the central registry. a. True b. False

a. True

Deterministic matching requires that records must have an exact match on key fields to be considered the same patient. a. True b. False

a. True

Employees of central cancer registries in North America are considered NAACCR members. a. True b. False

a. True

Hospital standardization was one of the first activities of the newly formed American Col- lege of Surgeons (ACoS). a. True b. False

a. True

In comparing incidence rates between groups, use of age-specific incidence rates controls for difference in the age composition of the groups. a. True b. False

a. True

Linking data is the process of matching data from different sources based on identical or similar items from each source. a. True b. False

a. True

NAACCR standard metafiles are crucial to central registry reporting. a. True b. False

a. True

NCRA is a founding and Sponsoring Member of NAACCR. a. True b. False

a. True

National Cancer Institute (NCI) has set a priority of quality of cancer care by identifying, developing, applying, and evaluating quality-of-care measures. a. True b. False

a. True

No facility-specific patient information can be released unless authorized under law. a. True b. False

a. True

Phase IV trials are used to further evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of a treatment. a. True b. False

a. True

Population-based central registries provide for calculation of incidence rates. a. True b. False

a. True

Quality of performance is the degree to which the final product/service will meet the needs of the consumer. a. True b. False

a. True

Record consolidation is the process of combining data from two or more records for the same patient and same tumor? a. True b. False

a. True

Some central registries like the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) are not population based. a. True b. False

a. True

The Belmont Report, published in 1978, mandated the establishment of institutional review boards (IRBs), outlined protocol design criteria, and required that written informed consent be provided to all research subjects. a. True b. False

a. True

The Cyber Cancer Registry provides new cancer registrars an opportunity to gain hands-on practice in cancer registry operations. a. True b. False

a. True

The National Cancer Act of 1971 promoted the development of oncology training pro- grams, facilities, and public education services. a. True b. False

a. True

The Nuremberg Code of 1947 serves as the foundation for ethical principles governing clinical research today. a. True b. False

a. True

The conception of TJC began with Dr. Ernest Codman. a. True b. False

a. True

The Pareto diagram helps identify areas that need attention by ranking them. a. True b. False

a. True When analyzing data about the frequency of problems or causes in a process. When there are many problems or causes and you want to focus on the most significant.

List the four data sources that are generally available in each U.S. state and can be used for defining the burden of cancer.

a. U.S. Census data b. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data c. Central cancer registry data d. Vital records mortality data

Name three organizations that have helped to develop the topography and morphology codes used to code neoplasms.

a. World Health Organization b. College of American Pathologists c. American Cancer Society

NAACCR is governed by: a. a Board of Directors. b. NCRA. c. NCI. d. CDC.

a. a Board of Directors.

If a patient has multiple primary cancers: a. all records will be updated with the date of last contact, but the cancer status will need to entered separately. b. all records are updated with the date of last contact, but record cancer status only if the patient still has evidence of disease. c. all records are updated with the date of last contact. The cancer status is not updated when performing patient follow-up. d. none of the above.

a. all records will be updated with the date of last contact, but the cancer status will need to entered separately.

The application that allows the public and hospitals to design customized reports based on selected data items is called: a. benchmark reports. b. NCDB Survival Reports. c. CP3R.

a. benchmark reports.

The NCDB contains data submitted by: a. cancer programs accredited by the CoC. b. state central cancer registries. c. all facilities that diagnose or treat cancer. d. hospital-based cancer registries only.

a. cancer programs accredited by the CoC.

The term multimodality refers to: a. combined forms of cancer-directed treatment. b. more than one cause of mortality. c. use of various imaging techniques for cancer case presentations. d. more than one type of radiation therapy given to the same patient.

a. combined forms of cancer-directed treatment.

What are the three eligibility requirements that must be met before a cancer program can be considered for survey? Before the initial survey, the institution must:

a. demonstrate 1 year of compliance with the standards. b. have accrued 2 years of data with 1 year of successful follow-up. c. have met the requirements for consideration for accreditation as outlined in the Cancer Program Standards manual.

For reporting and analysis of data, the NCDB organizes much of its data by: a. disease site. b. histology. c. AJCC stage of disease.

a. disease site.

The survey focuses on which of the following activities except: a. how the budget is spent. b. how clinical care is provided. c. assurance of the accuracy of data collection. d. how quality of care and patient outcomes are evaluated and improved.

a. how the budget is spent.

All of the following are true of the Accredited Cancer Program Performance Report except that it: a. identifies the program as an Outstanding Achievement Award recipient. b. provides a summary of the program deficiencies. c. identifies the facility, surveyor, and date of the survey. d. provides the Accreditation Award.

a. identifies the program as an Outstanding

AJCC clinical classification is defined as: a. information before initiation of treatment or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is shorter. b. information before initiation of treatment or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is longer. c. information before neoadjuvant therapy only. d. information before surgical resection only.

a. information before initiation of treatment or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is shorter.

All of the following are responsibilities of the key contact for survey except: a. leads the tour of the facility. b. ensures the accuracy of data recorded in the SAR. c. works with the surveyor and cancer committee to identify the best date for the survey. d. works with the surveyor to develop the survey agenda.

a. leads the tour of the facility.

Cancer Registries can provide measurement data to assess how CPG's are being followed or to monitor other aspects of care by: a. real-time reporting. b. reporting cases in 3 to 6 months after diagnosis. c. none of the above.

a. real-time reporting.

Brachytherapy is: a. sealed radioactive sources placed in or near tumors. b. the use of heat to treat tumors. c. the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents. d. all of the above.

a. sealed radioactive sources placed in or near tumors.

All of the following are true of the surveyor team except that: a. surveyors are employees of the CoC. b. Certified Tumor Registrars are CoC surveyors. c. physicians from multiple specialties are CoC surveyors. d. the surveyor team has more than 40 members.

a. surveyors are employees of the CoC.

The NCDB does not contain information that can be used to identify: a. the patient's name. b. the reporting facility. c. the case abstractor. d. all of the above.

a. the patient's name

NAACCR work is done primarily by: a. various committees, work groups, task forces, and ad hoc groups composed of volunteers. b. independent contractors and coders. c. staff from comprehensive cancer centers. d. researchers.

a. various committees, work groups, task forces, and ad hoc groups composed of volunteers.

An appeal of an Accreditation Award is appropriate: a. when the program had complied with the standard at the time of survey. b. any time after the survey has been completed. c. after the issues have been addressed by the program. d. when new documentation of program activity has been created.

a. when the program had complied with the standard at the time of survey.

Statistical quality-control principles include

acceptance sampling, process control, and designed studies.

Observed survival is an estimate of the probability of surviving all

all causes of death

The codes for the Class of Case data item are divided into two broad categories:

analytic and nonanalytic.

The history of U.S. cancer registration began in the: a. 1890s. b. 1920s. c. 1940s. d. 1960s.

b. 1920s.

Population-based cancer registration started at the provincial/territorial level in Canada in what year? a. 1930 b. 1932 c. 1935 d. 1937

b. 1932

How long is the term of office for someone elected to the position of Treasurer Junior? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 3 years d. 4 years

b. 2 years

In what year was Version 1 of the Collaborative Staging System released? a. 2001 b. 2004 c. 2005 d. 2009

b. 2004

The NCDB captures what percentage of all newly diagnosed malignant cancer cases in the United States annually? a. 60% b. 70% c. 80% d. 90%

b. 70%

What is the required rate (percentage) for follow-up in programs approved by the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons for all eligible analytic patients diagnosed within the last 5 years or from the cancer registry reference date, whichever is shorter? a. 80% b. 90% c. 100% d. There is no percentage requirement

b. 90%

What is the NCDB? a. A statewide facility-based oncology data set b. A nationwide, facility-based oncology data set c. A regional facility based oncology data set d. None of the above

b. A nationwide, facility-based oncology data set

Which organization is the administrative sponsor for the Collaborative Stage Data Collection System? a. American College of Surgeons b. AJCC c. College of American Pathologists d. SEER

b. AJCC

Which types of cancer are evaluated by the clinical checks? a. Genitourinary system cancer b. Breast and colorectal cancer c. Lymphoid neoplasms and hematopoietic diseases d. Colorectal and malignant and benign brain tumors

b. Breast and colorectal cancer

CoC-accredited cancer programs are required to resolve which of the following types of cases that failed an edit? Check all that apply. a. Cases with a data quality score of zero b. Cases that accumulate a data quality score between 1 and 199 c. Cases that accumulate a data quality score of 200 or greater d. Cases that received "rejection edits"

b. Cases that accumulate a data quality score between 1 and 199 c. Cases that accumulate a data quality score of 200 or greater d. Cases that received "rejection edits"

If reliable cause of death information is available, then we can use which of the following survival measures? a. Observed all cause b. Cause-specific survival c. Relative survival

b. Cause-specific survival

What does the acronym CAM stand for? a. Chemotherapy and medical treatment b. Complementary and alternative medicine c. Cobalt and alternative medicine d. Chemotherapy and alternative medicine

b. Complementary and alternative medicine

What software function(s) are unique to hospital registries? Select all that apply. a. Data linkage with Social Security Administration files b. Conducting active patient follow-up c. Generating data for clinicians d. Submitting data to the American College of Surgeons' National Cancer Database e. Submitting data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

b. Conducting active patient follow-up d. Submitting data to the American College of Surgeons' National Cancer Database

Which of these is a step that must be taken to define the data used in a report? a. Define the types of statistics to be shown. b. Confirm the specific codes used to define variables such as site, morphology, and stage. c. Determine the method of distribution. d. Obtain approval for data usage.

b. Confirm the specific codes used to define variables such as site, morphology, and stage

All National Program of Cancer Registries training materials are available with an annual subscription. a. True b. False

b. False

American Society of Clinical Oncology's (ASCO's) Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI®) includes use of Cancer Registry Data for hematology/oncology practices. a. True b. False

b. False

Assessing edits on a regular basis increases the time to review cases before submission. a. True b. False

b. False

Cancer is a reportable disease (by law) in all Canadian provinces and territories. a. True b. False

b. False

Clinical trials are the first step in the research process of moving scientific research from the laboratory to treatments for people. a. True b. False

b. False

Deterministic scores are usually divided into ranges indicating a match, a nonmatch, or an undetermined match. a. True b. False

b. False

E-path reporting refers to the capability of computers to find the shortest electronic path through the Internet's routers and servers, thereby saving money. a. True b. False

b. False

Ethnicity data are a standard data element in the Canadian Cancer Registry. a. True b. False

b. False

If red shading on a map corresponds to above-average rates, and most of a state's area is red, this means that the state as a whole has above-average rates. a. True b. False

b. False

Issues with program activity should be addressed after the survey. a. True b. False

b. False

Membership in the AJCC is restricted to organization representatives only. a. True b. False

b. False

NAACCR set criteria for the certification of central cancer registries that are out of reach for most cancer registries. a. True b. False

b. False

Nonanatomic factors were first added to the classifications that modified stage groups beginning with the sixth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. a. True b. False

b. False

Registry staff can call the patient or his/her next of kin to discuss the patient's current cancer status. a. True b. False

b. False

Submission of Class of Case 6 is required. a. True b. False

b. False

The Canadian Council of Cancer Registries offers a certification program for cancer registrars. a. True b. False

b. False

The central registry need not be concerned with patients who live within their catchment area but are diagnosed or treated outside their catchment area. a. True b. False

b. False

The goals and objectives and characteristics of central registries and hospital registries are so similar, they may be considered identical. a. True b. False

b. False

The minimum requirements for cancer program accreditation were first published in 1933. a. True b. False

b. False

The survey process is the same for every facility. a. True b. False

b. False

Well-documented cancer clusters, or hot spots, have been identified in more than 40 states. a. True b. False

b. False

A hospital with an ACoS-approved cancer program is not required to maintain a cancer registry. a. True b. False .

b. False A cancer registry is mandatory for an ACoS-approved cancer program.

Hospital-based cancer registries obtain death certificates from vital statistics government agencies in search for potentially missed cases. a. True b. False

b. False Death clearance is performed only by central cancer registries.

The disease index is the primary casefinding source used by central registries to identify incident cases. a. True b. False

b. False Pathology reports are considered the primary casefinding source because 95% of all reportable cases are histologically confirmed. The disease index is used as a cross-check on the completeness of reporting of pathology cases at hospitals, as well as an effective method to identify clinically diagnosed cases.

The AJCC was founded by two organizations, the American College of Surgeons and the America Cancer Society. a. True b. False

b. False The multidisciplinary AJCC is administered by American College of Surgeons Cancer Programs.

Hospitals are responsible to identify the list of ICD-9-CM codes that are mandatory to include on the disease index file to meet state reporting requirements. a. True b. False

b. False Central registries are responsible for providing to hospitals a list of the mandatory and optional ICD-9-CM codes that should be included for casefinding purposes per the reporting rules of the state or region.

Inter-record edit checks examine data items within a particular patient's abstract. a. True b. False

b. False Inter-record checks examine data items between related records. A patient may have more than one primary, and so on.

The p value for the odds ratio is p 5 0.61; therefore, there is a statistical association be- tween height and prostate cancer risk. a. True

b. False The p value is greater than 0.05, so there was not a statistical association between height and prostate cancer risk in this data set. Therefore, we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

Computerized edit checks are one of the least cost-effective methods for assessing quality. a. True b. False

b. False They are the most cost-effective

The principles of the minimum standard were considered necessary to ensure the proper care of patients in any hospital and were the beginning of the accreditation process as we know it today. How many standards were there in the minimum standard? a. Four b. Five c. Six d. Eight

b. Five

What does not count as an approved activity for Continuing Education (CE)? a. Active participation in professional organizations b. Formal presentation of non-original work to cancer registry field or audience c. Attending cancer conferences d. Taking journal quizzes and/or completing

b. Formal presentation of non-original work to cancer registry field or audience

Which cancer vaccine is in most common use? a. Gleevec b. Gardasil c. Garda toxin d. MGV vaccine

b. Gardasil

What is the difference between IMRT and IGRT? a. IMRT is radiation given in beamlets, and IGRT is image-guided treatment planning. b. IMRT is radiation given in beamlets, and IGRT is image-guided radiation therapy using images taken each day before treatment. c. IMRT is radiation given in beamlets, and IGRT is image-given radiation. d. IMRT is radiation given in multiple rads, and IGRT is image-guided treatment planning.

b. IMRT is radiation given in beamlets, and IGRT is image-guided radiation therapy using images taken each day before treatment.

The most comprehensive, most frequently updated and used guidelines available in any area of medicine are: a. ACOS guidelines. The American College of Surgeons Cancer Programs benefit an array of health care professionals, patients, and facilities through standard-setting, accreditation, and educational activities b. NCCN guidelines. c. ASCO guidelines American Society of Clinical Oncology seeks to provide the highest-quality resources in education, policy, the pioneering of clinical research

b. NCCN guidelines. National Comprehensive Cancer Network a not-for-profit alliance of leading cancer centers devoted to patient care, research, and education

Which organizations have established guidelines and standards for cancer reporting? a. CBS, NPCR, BOA, NCI b. NCI, SEER, NPCR, NAACCR, ACoS c. GMAC, ABC, ACS d. None of the above e. All of the above

b. NCI, SEER, NPCR, NAACCR, ACoS

What is the definition of an asynchronous learning environment? a. In-person learning environment that involves "real-time" live interaction b. Online learning environment that does not involve a coordinated live interaction c. In-person learning environment in which the lesson is pre-recorded d. None of the above

b. Online learning environment that does not involve a coordinated live interaction

What is the Education Committee responsible for? a. Accrediting formal education programs for cancer registrars b. Overseeing the development and delivery of basic and advanced educational opportunities c. Reviewing educational activities in which cancer registrars participate d. Developing educational opportunities that can be accomplished by an individual

b. Overseeing the development and delivery of basic and advanced educational opportunities

In what phase of clinical trial is the safety of a new agent tested against a specific type of cancer using the dosage determined in the Phase I clinical trial? a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III d. Phase IV

b. Phase II

What type of follow-up letter is necessary? a. Patient b. Physician c. Facility d. None of the above

b. Physician

What are the two most commonly used adrenocorticoids? a. Progesterone and prednisone b. Prednisone and Decadron c. Decadron and Symbicort d. All of the above

b. Prednisone and Decadron

The following are examples of active follow-up except: a. physician letters. b. Social Security Death Index. c. patient letters. d. all are examples of active follow-up.

b. Social Security Death Index.

The National Program of Cancer Registries uses which CS-derived stage? a. AJCC b. Summary Stage c. AJCC elements but not the stage group d. None of the above

b. Summary Stage

What are the three main categories of cancer treatment? a. Biopsy, surgery, systemic therapy b. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy c. Surgery, hormones, radiation therapy d. Cryosurgery, chemotherapy, brachytherapy

b. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

What is the screening effect? a. The risk of being harmed by the screening procedure b. The fact that when you screen for disease you find new previously unidentified cases of cancer causing the incidence rate to increase c. The effectiveness of the screening procedure to correctly identify people who actually have the disease d. The effectiveness of the screening procedure to correctly identify people who do not actually have the disease

b. The fact that when you screen for disease you find new previously unidentified cases of cancer causing the incidence rate to increase

Who is responsible to the clinical trials group for conducting research? a. The clinical trials research nurse (CTRN) b. The principal investigator (PI) c. The intergroup (IG) d. The institutional review board (IRB)

b. The principal investigator (PI)

What is the main function of an institutional review board (IRB)? a. To determine which arm of a clinical trial a patient should be placed b. To protect the rights of human subjects participating in research c. To interview potential candidates for clinical research trials d. To gain additional information about the drug being tested

b. To protect the rights of human subjects participating in research

Monoclonal antibodies work by: a. acting on the DNA phase of a cancer cell. b. binding to specific antigens on cancer cells inducing an immunologic response. c. blocking the supply of blood to the tumor. d. all of the above.

b. binding to specific antigens on cancer cells inducing an immunologic response.

Flexible aggregation refers to the ability to: a. reduce noise in a map. b. combine cases into any geographic unit for analysis. c. identify areas of unusually high or low cancer risk. d. assign latitude and longitude coordinates to patient addresses.

b. combine cases into any geographic unit for analysis.

An example of acceptance sampling is: a. reabstracting study. b. computer edit checks. c. edit rejection rates. d. lag time in reporting.

b. computer edit checks.

Guidelines addressed in the NCRA Professional Practice Code of Ethics are: Guidelines addressed in the NCRA Professional Practice Code of Ethics are: a. submission of continuing education hours. b. cooperation with other professions and organizations. c. HIPPA Privacy Rule. d. civil versus criminal law.

b. cooperation with other professions and organizations.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) involves the use of: a. cold. b. heat. c. lasers. d. microwaves.

b. heat.

In what year was the first edition of the Cancer Staging Manual published? a. 1959 b. 1941 c. 1977 d. 1983

c. 1977

How long is the term of office for someone who is voted in as President-Elect/Secretary of the NCRA? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 3 years

c. 3 years

Which CoC Standard is defined as complete data for all analytic cases submitted to the NCDB in accordance with the annual Call for Data? a. 2.8 b. 7.1 c. 3.6 d. 4.1

c. 3.6

Cancer in North America (CINA) includes data on more than ______ million cancer cases. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

c. 6

How many CS data items are there, excluding the site-specific factors? a. 10 b. 6 c. 9 d. 7

c. 9

The activities of the NCDB are funded by: a. ACoS and CoC. b. ACS and WHO. c. ACS and ACoS. d. CoC and NAACCR.

c. ACS and ACoS.

When is total body irradiation (TBI) used? a. Before laparoscopy for lymphomas b. Before kidney transplantation c. Before stem-cell transplant d. For patients with mycoses fungoides

c. Before stem-cell transplant

The Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons requires accredited cancer programs to meet which follow-up standard? a. Maintain an 80% follow-up rate for all eligible analytic patients from the cancer registry reference date b. 90% follow-up rate must be maintained for all eligible analytic patients diagnosed within the last 5 years, or from the cancer registry reference date, whichever is shorter c. Both a and b d. None of the above

c. Both a and b

An example of accuracy and specificity in coding primary site for upper lobe of lung is: a. C34.9 b. C34.3 c. C34.1 d. C34.0

c. C34.1

The application that allows CoC-accredited cancer programs to compare patterns of care and assess their own trends of care for breast and colorectal cancers is called: a. benchmark reports. b. NCDB Survival Reports. c. CP3R.

c. CP3R.

If you wanted to learn about the approved methods in providing comparable data analysis, which core class would you take? a. Cancer Registry Structure and Management b. Oncology Treatment and Coding c. Cancer Registry Operations d. Cancer Disease Coding and Staging

c. Cancer Registry Operations

Which of the following types of cases that failed an edit would not be written to the NCDB data warehouse? Check all that apply. a. Cases with a data quality score of zero b. Cases that accumulate a data quality score between 1 and 199 c. Cases that accumulate a data quality score of 200 or greater d. Cases that received "rejection edits"

c. Cases that accumulate a data quality score of 200 or greater d. Cases that received "rejection edits"

The American College of Surgeons (ACoS) was founded by ____________________ with other physicians in 1910. a. Dr. Green and Dr. Martin b. Dr. Codman and Dr. Green c. Dr. Martin and Dr. Codman d. all of the above

c. Dr. Martin and Dr. Codman

What are the two most common types of antiandrogens used for prostate cancer? a. Estrogen and progesterone b. Prednisone and progesterone c. Flutamide and Casodex d. 5-Fluorouracil and prednisone

c. Flutamide and Casodex

Which of the following meets the eligibility requirements for the Council on Certification? a. Previously a State Association President b. Is a committee member of the Formal Education Committee c. Has been a CTR for 5 years d. Has served two consecutive terms as a representative for the Council on Certification

c. Has been a CTR for 5 years

What is the definition of a synchronous learning environment? a. Online learning environment that does not involve a coordinated live interaction b. In-person learning environment in which the lesson is pre-recorded c. In-person learning environment that involves "real-time" interaction d. None of the above

c. In-person learning environment that involves "real-time" interaction

What are two advantages of increasing interoperability of registry data? a. It reduces the need for federal funding of central registries. b. It protects registry data from unauthorized use. c. It enhances the central registry's ability to automatically incorporate data from other sources. d. It ensures researchers learn complex registry data coding standards. e. It makes it easier for researchers and others to utilize registry data.

c. It enhances the central registry's ability to automatically incorporate data from other sources e. It makes it easier for researchers and others to utilize registry data.

Radiation therapy is useful in preventing what type of recurrence? a. Distant b. Regional c. Local d. Systemic

c. Local

A select group of breast cancer patients have been able to receive radiation directed to their tumor. What is the process that has been in use since 2002? a. IMRT b. IGRT c. MammoSite d. Mammographic port planning for radiation therapy

c. MammoSite

The acronym NOTES stands for: a. Needed Opening Transluminal Endoscopic Surveillance. b. Natural Opening Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. c. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. d. Natural Orifice Transluminal Excisional Surgery.

c. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery.

Updates to the ICD-9-CM codes are effective annually in which month? a. January b. April c. October d. December

c. October

What phase of clinical trials focuses on learning how a new treatment compares with standard, or the most widely accepted, treatment? a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III d. Phase IV

c. Phase III

The central advisory panel that guides and assists in the prioritization of the work conducted by the NCDB staff is the: a. Committee on Accreditation. b. Committee on Cancer Liaison. c. Quality Integration Committee.

c. Quality Integration Committee.

Which survival measure requires expected rate from general population matched on age, sex, race, and so on? a. Observed all cause b. Cause-specific survival c. Relative survival

c. Relative survival

What is the Program Recognition Committee's role in developing education? a. Reviews educational activities for knowledge and expertise assurance b. Facilitates communication and outreach to Accredited Formal Education programs c. Reviews and determines program's criteria for Continuing Education credits d. Develops educational opportunities that can be accomplished as an individual

c. Reviews and determines program's criteria for Continuing Education credits

When a follow-up letter is returned, what date do you use to update your database as the date of last contact? a. The date your registry mailed out the follow-up letter b. The date you received the letter back from the patient c. The date patient or representative signed and completed the letter d. None of the above

c. The date patient or representative signed and completed the letter

The NAACCR committee that evaluates new data items and codes is: a. Data Evaluation and Certification Committee. b. Data Use and Research Committee. c. Uniform Data Standards Committee. d. Information Technology Committee.

c. Uniform Data Standards Committee.

What is the title of the publication of official annual federal cancer statistics? a. Cancer in North America b. Annual Report to the Nation c. United States Cancer Statistics d. CDC WONDER

c. United States Cancer Statistics

When is it appropriate to show data in a table rather than a graph? a. When showing trends in data over time b. When comparing percentages of three or four values c. When comparing exact values among several variables

c. When comparing exact values among several variables

ASCO guidelines are focused on: a. several questions around many topics. b. Cancer Registry data. c. a single question or group of questions around an important topic in specific areas of cancer.

c. a single question or group of questions around an important topic in specific areas of cancer.

The goal of palliative treatment for cancer patients is to: a. test treatments on patients with terminal disease. b. qualify for hospice care. c. alleviate symptoms to improve the quality of life symptoms. d. both b and c.

c. alleviate symptoms to improve the quality of life symptoms.

Google Chrome is: a. an operating system (OS). b. a Web browser. c. an operating system (OS) and a Web browser.

c. an operating system (OS) and a Web browser.

The three types of bone marrow transplants are: a. autologous, allogeneic, and synthetic. b. autologous, allergic, and syngeneic. c. autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic. d. none of the above.

c. autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic. The stem cells for an autologous transplant are taken from a patient's own blood. The word "allogeneic" is derived from the Greek roots "allo-," meaning "other" and "-gen," meaning "born." Allogeneic transplants involve donor stem cells. A syngeneic transplant, in which the identical twin serves as a donor, can be the optimal situation for individuals with multiple myeloma.

Historical data review involves: a. CoC survey review through acceptance sampling. b. physician review of abstracts through quality-control plan. c. comparison of number of cases expected with those observed. d. all of the above.

c. comparison of number of cases expected with those observed.

Cryosurgery is the use of: a. freezing targeted cancer tissues with the use of a cold probe. b. freezing targeted cancer tissues with the use of liquid nitrogen. c. freezing targeted cancer tissues with the use of argon gas. d. both a and b. e. both b and c.

c. freezing targeted cancer tissues with the use of argon gas.

Case definition includes: a. a list of collected data items. b. follow-up policy. c. identification of population covered. d. security control provisions.

c. identification of population covered.

The mission of NAACCR is to: a. collect all cancer cases in North America and aggregate them into a single database. b. certify cancer registries. c. promote uniform data standards, provide education and training, aggregate and publish data, certify registries, and promote data use. d. produce cancer maps for North America.

c. promote uniform data standards, provide education and training, aggregate and publish data, certify registries, and promote data use.

An example of quality control of data accuracy is: a. an historical data review. b. monitoring DCO rate. c. recoding audit. d. benchmarking.

c. recoding audit.

The date of diagnosis is often confirmed _______________ before a biopsy or surgical resection is performed.

clinically (such as on physical examination, radiology, laboratory test)

A geographic area of unusually high or low occurrences of cancer is known as a ____________________.

cluster.

The NCDB was established in: a. 1913. b. 1922. c. 1985. d. 1989.

d. 1989.

The NCDB contains information on almost _______ million cases of reported cancer diagnoses for the period 1985 through 2007. a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25

d. 25

How many provincial/territorial cancer registries cover less than a 1 million population? a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 8

d. 8

Laser ablation is utilized for what types of malignancy? a. Superficial skin cancer b. Non-small-cell lung cancer c. Penile cancers d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Record consolidation rules include: a. Hierarchy rules b. Most frequent c. Known over unknown d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is a function of a central registry? a. To perform as a data repository for a state b. Monitor cancer incidence trends and mortality c. Evaluate cancer-control initiatives d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What primary purpose does the cancer registrar database serve? a. Research b. Quality management c. Marketing d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are considered "passive" follow-up linkage sources? a. Motor vehicle/driver license files b. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services c. Stage voter registration files d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which organization is the administrative sponsor of the AJCC? a. International Union Against Cancer b. Commission on Cancer c. National Cancer Database d. American College of Surgeons

d. American College of Surgeons

Which of the following is a benefit to automation of the record consolidation process? a. Consistency in data collection b. Saves both money and time c. Does not allow one to monitor the effects of rule changes d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

What are the two types of monoclonal antibodies? a. Rituximab and trastuzumab b. Velcade and Rituxan c. Herceptin and Rituxan d. Both a and c e. None of the above

d. Both a and c

A 44-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with infiltrating duct carcinoma, poorly differentiated, tumor size 2.1 cm with 3 of 15 positive axillary nodes. Her estrogen receptor was negative, as was her progesterone receptor; the Her-2/neu was 31 positive by FISH. After surgery, what type of treatment would she be expected to receive? a. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy followed by tamoxifen b. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy followed by Arimidex c. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy d. Chemotherapy, Herceptin, and radiation therapy

d. Chemotherapy, Herceptin, and radiation therapy

Many community hospitals across the country participate in clinical trials as part of which NCI Program? a. American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) b. Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) c. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) d. Community Clinical Oncology Program

d. Community Clinical Oncology Program

Of the report-writing tasks listed below, which step should be taken first? a. Identify the patients and data items on which the report will be based. b. Define the type of information that will be included in the report. c. Decide whether to use tables or graphs. d. Determine how the recipient will use the report and their level of expertise.

d. Determine how the recipient will use the report and their level of expertise

A 76-year-old male patient with a history of metastatic prostate cancer treated with hormones has become hormone refractory. What is the next treatment he can be expected to receive? a. Colony-stimulating factors b. Alpha-Interferon c. Monoclonal antibodies d. Endocrine surgery

d. Endocrine surgery In medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment with hormones. Also called hormone-resistant.

Which committee is not represented by the Board Director of Education? a. Alternative Methods Committee b. Continuing Education Committee c. Education Committee d. Formal Education Committee

d. Formal Education Committee

What is the name of the small molecule inhibitors used for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic myelogenous leukemia? a. Glycogen b. Gardasil c. Glucosamine d. Gleevec

d. Gleevec

What is the most common radioisotope used, and what type of cancer is it used for? a. IMRT for thyroid b. IGRT for prostate c. I-131 for prostate d. I-131 for thyroid

d. I-131 for thyroid

A performance measure: a. is a set of technical specifics that define how to calculate a rate for a specific indicator of quality. b. uses the measures to determine whatever rate it is and how it compares. c. gathers and provides treatment information for consumers and healthcare professionals. d. a and b

d. a and b

Define CyberKnife radiation therapy. a. CyberKnife is treatment given using a miniaturized photon linear accelerator. b. CyberKnife is treatment given using cobalt energy. c. CyberKnife is a type of specialized scalpel used during brain surgery. d. a and b

d. a and b

The NCDB uses _____________________ to identify duplicate cases. a. the patient's name b. the patient's Social Security number c. the patient's primary site and histology d. a contextual code based on specific data item code values from the record

d. a contextual code based on specific data item code values from the record

A recoding audit will assess (indicate all that are correct): a. training needs. b. inadequate text documentation. c. application of coding d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Data research products produced by NAACCR include: a. CINA. b. CINA1 Online. c. CINA Deluxe. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Unknown values: a. are monitored through process controls. b. can be legitimately utilized. c. should have stable rates over time. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

What is necessary for CTRs to maintain their certification? a. Complete 12 hours of CE credits b. Complete the required CE credits every 2 years c. Complete 20 hours of CE credits d. b and c e. a and b

d. b and c

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is most frequently used for the treatment of: a. liver cancers, both primary and metastatic. b. lung cancer. c. brain tumors. d. both a and b. e. both a and c.

d. both a and b.

The four types of CAM commonly used by cancer patients are: a. massage therapy, acupuncture, laetrile, and krebiozen. b. massage therapy, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen, chemotherapy with shark cartilage. c. massage therapy, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen, chemotherapy with mistletoe extract. d. both b and c. e. none of the above.

d. both b and c.

Summary stage can be categorized as: a. forward flexibility and clinical utility. b. only useful with large groups of cases. c. capturing data at different points in time. d. broad categories with longitudinal stability.

d. broad categories with longitudinal stability.

Death clearance only is an example of: a. accuracy. b. data consistency. c. data completeness. d. case incidence completeness.

d. case incidence completeness.

The most widely used type of radiation therapy is: a. orthovoltage. b. brachytherapy. c. seed implantation. d. external beam.

d. external beam.

AJCC staging system can be categorized as: a. broad with longitudinal stability. b. only capturing data at one point in time. c. categories that rarely change. d. forward flexibility and clinical utility.

d. forward flexibility and clinical utility.

AJCC pathologic classification is defined as: a. information after radiation therapy only. b. information after systemic therapy only. c. information through completion of definitive surgery or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is shorter. d. information through completion of definitive surgery or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is longer.

d. information through completion of definitive surgery or within 4 months of diagnosis, whichever is longer.

Timeliness is critical to a registry quality-control process. The methods for evaluating timeliness are (indicate all that are correct): a. visual review. b. reabstraction study. c. casefinding audit. d. lag-time report.

d. lag-time report.

The three categories of quality are

design, conformance, and performance.

There are two types of record linkage:

deterministic and probabilistic.

Which of the following survival measures is called the "hypothetical probability" of survival of cancer in the absence of other causes of death? a. Observed all cause-survival b. Relative survival c. Cause-specific survival d. All of the above e. b and c only

e. b and c

Survival can be measured in various ways. The choice of measurement depends on the research question or _____________ ___ _________________

event of interest.

The NCDB requires that as many as 5 specified years of data be submitted during the annual Call for Data to facilitate obtaining the most recent data available, as well as _____________________ and _____________________ data for previously reported patients.

follow-up recurrence and survival data

The process of assigning geographic information to a cancer patient record based on the place of usual residence is known as

geocoding.

The Department of Defense (DoD) includes information on patients' participation in military campaigns and exposure to toxic agents for

historical and epidemiologic purposes

Reliability refers to:

how consistently different people will code the same circumstances the same way.

One of the biggest challenges to cancer registrars will continue to be:

keeping up with changes in data collection, coding, and reporting standards.

Edits contain the __________ to edit each field.

logic

Which is an example of a domain name? a. .com b. www.ncra-usa.org c. ncra-usa.org d. www

ncra-usa.org

What are two standard measures of survival

observed survival net survival

When an old item is no longer relevant:

one or more new response categories may be added to the older item or the old item may be dropped, and no longer coded.

Name three of the formats used for cancer conferences. You may have named any three of the following: a. Departmental b. Facility wide c. Network wide d. Site focused e. Academic/teaching f. Community wide

ou may have named any three of the following: a. Departmental b. Facility wide c. Network wide d. Site focused e. Academic/teaching f. Community wide

Quality Assurance Programs transformed into ____________________ __________________Programs.

performance improvement

TJC defines a core measure set as a "unique grouping of ____________________ ___________________carefully selected to provide, when viewed together, a robust picture of the care provided in a given area."

performance measures

A common performance improvement model used in many hospitals is the ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ model.

plan, do, check and act

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of

plasma cells.

The basic premise of the _______________ system is that the higher the score, the closer the match probability.

probabilistic

Which method is used, if a birth date is different by one day in a patient record in an incoming data file, the match to the patient record in the database can still be made.

probabilistic

A National Program of Cancer Registries goal is to provide data to ____________________ so that the ____________________ can be monitored and that _______________________________________ can be planned.

public health planners burden of disease cancer prevention and control programs can be planned.

Content for educational programs is identified through ____________________.

quality assurance activities.

Finish this sentence: Edits are the

quality-control gatekeepers.

A map in which rates are averaged across multiple geographic areas to reduce noise is known as a ____________________ map.

smoothed map.

A form of data analysis that incorporates information about the geographic location of events is known as

spatial analysis.

The goals for abstracting are to have ________________. __________________ and ____________________ cancer data.

timely, accurate, and complete

The use of standard data item definitions facilitates: a. training procedures for coders. b. common editing procedures. c. comparability of data.

training procedures for coders. common editing procedures. comparability of data.

Examples of possible duality of interest are: (more than one answer may apply) a. outside consultation services. b. holding of two separate certifications. c. committee appointments. d. business enterprises interests.

A, C and D

How much of IT staff time should be devoted to the registry?

100%

When were the first coding rules and guidelines established?

1950s

What does the terminology "meaningful use" have to do with the EHR environment?

A specific EHR must have "meaningful use" features and benefits to qualify for certain government funding.

Law that covers wrongful acts that result in harm to another person, such as invasion of privacy, is called ____________________ and can result in compensation to the injured party.

A tort

Select the term that matches the statements below. A. Data set B. Standard data item C. Data dictionary D. Interoperability ______ Data item whose codes, definitions, and coding instructions are shared among registry organizations ______ Consistency with which varied organizations and software systems handle the transmission of similar information ______ The collection of data items maintained by a registry ______ Provides coding instructions, code definitions, and the code options

B D A C

Define the term confidential health information and provide examples of confidential health in- formation that is processed by cancer registries.

Cancer registry personnel routinely collect, evaluate and interpret, and disclose patient identification information and detailed medical histories referred to as confidential health information. You may have named any of the following examples: Names Addresses Dates Telephone and fax numbers E-mail addresses ID numbers such as medical record numbers Health plan beneficiary information Account, certificate, license numbers Text fields

What is the only leading cancer site group ranked the same for both new cancer cases and deaths for both men and women based on 2009 estimates.

Colorectal cancer is ranked #3 for both men and women and for both new cases and deaths.

Produce standards/protocol for transmission of clinical and administrative data

HL7 Health Level 7 (a set of international standards for transfer of clinical and administrative data between software applications used by various healthcare providers. These standards focus on the application layer, which is "layer 7" in the OSI model.)

The commitment to professional development and growth is a/an ____________________ commitment.

Individual

Name three current technologies that have evolved to create dynamic websites?

PHP, CSS, and Javascript

established to prevent unreasonable threats to an organization's buildings, equipment, and media. They take into consideration physical threats, such as di- saster, physical or electronic break-in, theft, and careless or intentional physical access to confidential information, and are intended to protect against both external and internal threats. They can include locks, physical barriers, monitoring, visitor control, as well as the control of media and equipment, for example, automatic log outs of soft- ware applications after idle period.

Physical Safeguards

What is an essential element of proper disaster recovery planning?

Providing a reliable backup and recovery system

Healthcare stakeholders within a defined geographic area that govern a health information exchange according to nationally recognized standards

RHIO A Regional Health Information Organization is a group of organizations within a specific area that share healthcare-related information electronically according to accepted healthcare information technology (HIT) standards.

Another area covered by HIPAA's provisions includes the accuracy of record keeping.

True

Honorable discharge of the Association's responsibilities is one of the guidelines addressed in the NCRA Professional Practice Code of Ethics.

True

New standard data items for cancer registries are implemented at the beginning of a diagnosis year.

True

Pure HTML code is static, not dynamic

True

Name at least three important types of software applications important to registry operations.

You may have named any of the following: a. Record linkage b. Statistical analysis c. Geospatial analysis d. Edit checking e. Electronic pathology transmissions f. Collaborative Stage Data Collection System

Match the following types of cancer registry with the goals below: A. Hospital-based cancer registry B. Population-based cancer registry C. Specialty cancer registry ______ Advancing clinical, epidemiological, and health services research on cancer ______ Evaluating clinical care and hospital administration ______ Providing advocacy and educational opportunities to cancer patients ______ Exploration of trends in cancer care ______ Creation of regional and state benchmarks for hospitals ______ Gathering and disseminating epidemiologic data on a specific type of cancer ______ Determination of cancer patterns among various populations or sub-populations, ______ Monitoring cancer trends over time ______ Guiding planning and evaluation of cancer control efforts to help prioritize healthresource allocations. ______ Improving patient care programs. ______ Research into the cause

__B, C_____ Advancing clinical, epidemiological, and health services research on cancer __A____ Evaluating clinical care and hospital administration ___A, C___ Providing advocacy and educational opportunities to cancer patients ___B___ Exploration of trends in cancer care ___B___ Creation of regional and state benchmarks for hospitals ___C___ Gathering and disseminating epidemiologic data on a specific type of cancer ___B______Determination of cancer patterns among various populations or sub-populations, resource allocations. _B_____Monitoring cancer trends over time __B____ Guiding planning and evaluation of cancer control efforts to help prioritize health resource allocations. _A, B_____ Improving patient care programs. _B, C_____ Research into the cause

Match the following types of cancer registry with the appropriate cancer data sources. A. Hospital-based cancer registry B. Population-based cancer registry C. Specialty cancer registry Sources: ______ Death certificate information from the vital statistics registration system ______ Patients diagnosed in Independent pathology laboratories ______ Active follow-up information on registered patients ______ Patients diagnosed and/or treated for cancer at a particular facility or facilities ______ Patients who voluntarily self-enroll ______ Only patients with certain familial cancers ______ Patients treated in independent cancer centers ______ Patients from private clinics and hospices ______ Only patients with a particular type of cancer ______ Patients enrolled by physicians

___B___ Death certificate information from the vital statistics registration system ___B___ Patients diagnosed in Independent pathology laboratories __A,B____ Active follow-up information on registered patients __A,B____ Patients diagnosed and/or treated for cancer at a particular facility or facilities __C__ Patients who voluntarily self-enroll _C_____ Only patients with certain familial cancers __B____ Patients treated in independent cancer centers ___B___ Patients from private clinics and hospices __C____ Only patients with a particular type of cancer __C____ Patients enrolled by physicians

What changes will technologic advances likely bring to cancer registries? Select all that apply. a. Registry data will be available closer to real time. b. Interoperability will no longer be necessary. c. The registry data set will become more simplified. d. Cancer registration will become completely automated, eliminating the need for cancer registrars. e. Registry data will become even more clinically relevant and important.

a. Registry data will be available closer to real time. e. Registry data will become even more clinically relevant and important.

What are the three key roles for cancer registry technical staff? a. Software development b. Systems administration c. Registry operations technical support

a. Software development b. Systems administration c. Registry operations technical support

When can confidential patient data be transmitted over the Web or Internet? Select all that apply. a. When using encrypted Web connections b. Only when the recipient is expecting the data and can quickly retrieve it from e-mail c. By attaching data to e-mail in an encrypted file d. When data are contained on a CD mailed using nondescript packaging e. When data are encrypted on physical media

a. When using encrypted Web connections c. By attaching data to e-mail in an encrypted file e. When data are encrypted on physical media

A metafile is: a. a big file. b. a set of instructions. c. a container.

b. a set of instructions.

Which of the following are types of cancer registries? 1. Population-based registries 2. State cancer registries 3. Specialty cancer registries 4. Hospital-based cancer registries a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 1, 3, and 4 d. All of the above

c. 1, 3, and 4

Approximately what percentage of cancer cases is histologically confirmed? a. 50 b. 80 c. 95 d. 100

c. 95

Which data format(s) are recommended by NAACCR to laboratories for reporting pathology report text information electronically to central registries? a. HL7 b. Pipe-delimited c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

c. Both a and b

When a file is "checked out" from SharePoint: a. only members of the site can edit it and check the file back in. b. any Internet user who knows the location of the file can download the file. c. only the user who checked out the file can edit the file before checking it back in. d. the file is locked and nobody can edit it.

c. only the user who checked out the file can edit the file before checking it back in.

Currently in the United States, which governing agencies set reporting standards for hospital and population-based registries? a. American College of Surgeons (ACoS) Commission on Cancer (CoC) b. National Program of Cancer Registrars (NPCR) c. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Why should central registries be concerned with registry data management systems used by their reporting hospitals? a. The majority of central registry data is first collected by the hospital data management system. b. Edit checks and coding rules may or may not be consistently implemented by hospital registry vendors. c. It may be important when coordinating transitions to new coding standards. d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is true about virtual servers? a. Several may exist on the same server hardware. b. They may be easily scaled depending on the applications requirements. c. Amazon Web Services is a major provider of virtual servers. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above. A virtual server is a server that shares hardware and software resources with other operating systems (OS), versus dedicated servers. Because they are cost-effective and provide faster resource control, virtual servers are popular in Web hosting environments.

"Residency at diagnosis" refers to the usual residence of the patient at the time of diagnosis of a reportable cancer. Which entity provides the rules and guidelines used by central registries to determine residency at diagnosis? a. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. U.S. Social Security Administration c. U.S. Postal Service d. U.S. Census Bureau

d. U.S. Census Bureau

An emphasis on cancer surveillance may include which of the following? a. Evaluation of efficacy of treatment b. Analyzing referral patterns c. Compliance with treatment guidelines d. a, b, and c e. b and c

d. a, b, and c

Why is a relational database structure better for storing registry data than a NAACCR data exchange record? a. Registry data are logically grouped into records such as patient demographics and cases. b. The NAACCR record is designed for data exchange, not storage. c. Some NAACCR data exchange fields simply do not make sense to store in a registry database. d. The NAACCR data exchange record can accommodate only a fixed number of therapy records. e. All of the above

e. All of the above

In 2010, the way registries transmit dates was changed to improve:

intraoperability of date transmission.