Questions from exams 1-3 (final)

types of upper extremity prosthesis include:

-cosmetic -body powered -myoelectric

medication commonly used as an anticoagulant for various medical reasons is/are:

-plavix -warfarin -Enoxaparin

a healthy international normalized ratio (INR) is?

1.0

you notice your patient is not in the wheelchair you fitted him for. Regarding seat width, how much space must be between orthosis bulking clothing, clearance for trochanters?

1.5 inches

when instructing your patient on pressure relief strategies while in the w/c, how often should your patient re-adjust himself?

10-15 minutes

a w/c ramp dimensions are?

12" of horizontal run for each inch of vertical rise which is equivalent to 8.3% grade

at least ___ minutes each day should be spent in the prone position for amputees

30 min a day

you are working with a patient that has impaired mobility and is unable to move independently. What is the maximum amount of time they may remain in one position?

30 minutes

the minimum required doorway width for an average w/c is:

32 degrees

upon wheelchair fit confirmation, the distance between the top of the wheelchair back and the patient's axilla should be approximately:

4 fingers while the hand is held vertically

what is the w/c full turning radius minimum requirement:

60 degrees

normal glucose level for an adult

70-115 mg/dL

what's the height measurement w/c armrests for the average adult?

9 inches above the chair seat

dropfoot is a common condition that is caused by nerve damage to the peroneal nerve/ anterior tibialis. Which of the following orthoses would be most appropriate?

AFO

as you progress your patient from easier to harder pre-ambulation mat exercises, what is true about the BOS and COG

BOS smaller and COG becomes higher

when working with a patient to facilitate rolling supine to prone , which of the following techniques would be most appropriate to use with the patient?

Bend the leg opposite to the side rolling, then lift both arms up and over (PNF lift) while pushing down with the leg

your patient is performing pelvic tilt exercises for the first time and needs several verbal and tactile cues (feedback) to perform the exercises correctly . This represents what stage of motor learning?

Cognitive

which of the following is not a medical device used for the collection of urine?

Hickman catheter

the type of orthotic used to support a patient from the knee to the foot with standing activities?

KAFO

a patient with progressive Parkinson's disease enters your treatment area. You see the patient walking with a straight cane. The patient moves each UE and LE individually and alone as they slowly walk through your clinic. How would you best describe this gait pattern?

Modified 4-point

what is the best position for the lumbar spine to be positioned with lifting or carrying a workload?

Neutral

the most common cause of amputation in the elderly is due to:

PVD with diabetes

upper extremity PNF pattern D1 extension can facilitate movement that would increase which functional activity?

Pushing off for sit to stand transfers

Your ICU patient is to perform EOB activities and has just completed static and dynamic sitting balance. What else can you work on for challenging the patient further for dynamic sitting balance at the EOB?

Reaching outside the BOS to determine proximal stability

which of the following terms describes the ability of the neuromuscular system to hold proximal and distal body segments in appropriate positions?

Stability

during forward progression in the parallel bars, general instructions to the patient regarding the leg that is stepping includes all EXCEPT

Strike with the toes first, then let the foot go flat on the floor as you put weight on it

which of the following are meant for compression fractures to hold the patient in proper posture and does not allow rotation of the trunk?

TLSO

the term for a cervical orthosis that is commonly used with a patient with spinal instability that has an opening for a tracheostomy is:

a Philly collar

placing a pillow under the amputee's residual limb while in supine or sitting may promote:

a hip flexion contracture

during a standing transfer, assisted pivot transfer, where should a caretaker's left leg be placed if the patient has significant right knee weakness?

anterior to the weak knee

which of the following environmental factors are related to falls?

area rugs

when carrying a heavy box, where should the load be positioned?

at the level of the waist

During several physical therapy sessions, a patient you have been treating for low back pain learned how to perform pelvic tilt exercises in several positions (supine, sitting, quadruped, standing). With continued practice at home, your patient is now able to perform extremity movements while maintaining a stable pelvic position. This represents which stage of motor learning?

autonomous

is teaching a patient who is in wheelchair, how would you have them enter an elevator?

backward

resistive exercises should not be performed with your patient if the INR is ____ but they can participate in only light ROM exercises, as tolerated.

between 4.0 - 5.0

the 2 point gait pattern requires the use of?

bilateral assistive devices such as crutches or canes

what structures must function normally for full ROM to occur?

bones, joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, intraarticular structures, muscles, nerves fascia, and skin

an activity that is the next progression from hook lying and begins weight bearing through the feet is?

bridging

what is the most correct sequence for a patient descending a curb with a unilateral cane with a weakened lower extremity?

cane and weak leg first

you have a 50 year old patient with a history of degenerative joint disease in his low back. He has a R UE transhumeral amputation, he has pervasive osteoarthritis in his right knee. He presents with an antalagic gait pattern . One of the PT goals is for you to select the best assistive device which will allow him to take short walks in his community: what gait device and gait pattern would be best?

cane, mod 2 pt, gait pattern

motor control is concerned with?

control and coordination of movement and posture

during the pre-ambulation mat program, you are working with a patient in the tall kneeling position. You decide to complete weight shifts laterally and anterior and posterior with slow reversals to work on dynamic postural control. what stage of motor control are you working on?

controlled mobility

which of the following are common causes of a back dysfunction when lifting :

decline in physical fitness (And fatigue)

Adult learner tend to

depend on previous learning and learning is enhanced by repetition

during the pre-ambulation mat program, you are working with a patient in the tall kneeling position. You decide to perform alternating isometrics to work on this patient's ability to maintain this functional position. Which of the following pre-ambulation goals are you working toward?

developmental postural stability

prior to completing any type of weight-bearing transfer and to prevent falls you should first?

don non-skid socks or shoes

the large wheels that are used to propel a wheelchair are the ___ wheels

drive

all of the following can cause impaired range of motion EXCEPT

early movement after surgery

the type of muscle contraction that is a decelerator in muscle action

eccentric

which of the following is a goal of passive ROM exercise

enhance movement of synovial fluid for articular nutrition

the distance the PTA's hands traversed on the patient's body during a massage is termed:

excursion

approximation is a PNF technique that?

facilitates co-contraction and joint stability

where should the caregiver position a patient's upper extremities when a mechanical lift is used?

folded at abdomen

with regards to trunk movement by moving ______ and ____ , a patient will improve a COG and BOS while decreasing the risk of falling when using an assistive device

forward and extending

when when going up a ramp in a w/c it is best to teach the patient to:

going up in a zig zag pattern

what muscle group functions to decelerate the limb between the midswing and the initial contact phases of gait?

hamstrings

when working with a patient in the parallel bars, the best technique to assist the patient into standing is:

have the patient lean forward and push down on the armrest of the chair

you are working with a P TLR, focusing on transfers and bed mobility, which of the following movements are contraindicated?

hip flexion greater than 90 degrees, adduction, and hip IR

you are seeing a patient who underwent a right TKR. The knee has stiffness and limited ROM. The PNF technique that would be most specific in addressing the goal of increasing PROM to the right knee would be:

hold-relax

why must there be two inches between the ground/floor surface and the bottom of the foot plate?

improve safety maneuver easily on most surfaces

which of the following is a physiologic effect of massage?

improved lymphatic function

when positioning a patient in the left sidling position, where should you place your pillows?

in front of the trunk/chest

your patient had an arterial line inserted this morning. Where would you expect to see it on your patient?

in the radial artery in the forearm

in regards to PNF, which statement is correct about an agonist muscle?

it is the muscle or muscle groups responsible for creating the movement. It can change from an agonist to an antagonist depending on the desired direction of movement

with a transtibial amputation, a PTA would be most concerned with a _____ contracture if positioning interventions are improperly provided to the affected limb

knee flexion

which movement is recommended during the transfer of a patient with low back trauma or discomfort

logrolling

which of the following is not a type a bed used for special patient care environments?

low fluid loss therapy bed

Suspension is one of the most important components of a prostethic device. What is suspension?

manner in which the prosthesis is held onto the limb

pressure cycled, volume cycled, and negative pressure are all types of:

mechanical ventilators

in the parallel bars, standing push ups are also known as:

mini squats

a contraindication for providing massage is?

open wounds

which of the following is a true statement about ROM exercises ?

passive ROM can be carried out mechanically or manually

when working with a patient to increase muscular strength and control, the order of progression would be:

passive, active assistive, active, active resisted

if a patient is suffering from a weakness of the gluteus medius/minimum muscle group. Which of the following gait deviations is most likely to occur?

patient unable to maintain level of pelvis in frontal plane when taking a step

select the answer that is most representative of the use of the tilt table for pre-ambulation

patients who need to be physiologically acclimate to an upright position

which of the following techniques is best to reduce back stress while standing for a long duration?

placing a foot on a stool

a person has unilateral weakness due to a tai. which of the following is the most appropriate position to work on scapular strengthening and UE weight bearing while promoting head control yet most efficiently limiting the involvement of the trunk?

prone on elbows

A patient has been referred to PT after a CVA with noted weakness in the trunk and hip musculature. The patient has experienced several falls when sitting EOB and standing transfers recently. Considering safety, which of the following positions would be the most appropriate to address this patient's deficits?

quadruped

when a patient is NWB and using axillary crutches, they use the latissimus doors and pectoralis major muscles to support themselves on crutches by elevating the axial skeleton by bringing the orgins of these muscles toward their respective insertions by a process called:

reversal of muscle action

the PNF technique used for facilitating movement, improving the sense of motion, and learning the movements is:

rhythmic iniation

a PNF technique used to increase the patient's ability to stabilize or hold is:

rhythmic stabilization and involves isometric contractions of the agonist and antagonist muscle groups

you instruct the patient to "hold don't let me move you." you are about to perform which PNF technique?

rhythmic stabilizations

a lap belt in a w/c is used for

safety and posture

which of the is an indication for massage?

scar tissue release

An airplane splint is used to stabilize the

shoulder

it is important to know the patients strength and endurance in choosing an assistive device. If your patient is NWB, what are the major UE muscle groups that must be strong enough for them to use any assistive device?

shoulder depressors, shoulder extensors and flexors, elbow extensors, finger flexors

the PT goal for your 45 year old patient with a diagnosis of an ankle fracture with a NWB status . Who is very weak in the bilateral UE's . What assistive device and gait pattern would promote the most INDEPENDENCE and also address safety?

standard walker ; 3 point gait pattern

You have a patient in parallel bars who you are trying to re-educate on gait sequencing following a stroke. The patient presents with L LE weakness and notice that he/she is performing circumduction with his/her L LE in place of hip flexion when taking steps with the LE. Which of the following parallel bar activities be most appropriate to specifically address this substitution?

standing marches

you are teaching your total knee replacement placement to ascend the stairs, with his bilateral axillary crutches. you should guard the patient per your text:

stay behind and slightly to the opposite of the handrail. Grasp the gait belt and control the trunk

In standing from a seated position, how should the patient's feet be positioned if one is significantly weaker than the other?

stronger foot behind the weaker foot

what reaction might a patient with a SCI experience after transferring from supine to sitting?

syncope

for a patient with a weaker right lower extremity, what is lifted first when the patient ascends stairs with a cane?

the L LE

a prefabricated orthosis is meant for

the general population

Which gait pattern is typically associated with a non-weight-bearing lower extremity?

three-point gait pattern

all are pre-ambulation goals in rehab EXCEPT

to be able to perform 2 sets of 10 knee extension exercises

in the transfer of a patient from supine to prone, how should the patient's lowermost upper extremity be positioned?

tucked along the patient's side

which of the following is correct instruction for turning in the parallel bars?

turn toward the stronger side using several small steps

classical conditioning in Motor learning refers to:

weak stimulus produces response when paired with a stronger response

which of the following is a contraindication of PROM exercise?

when movement of a body segment is disruptive to the healing process

During an upward movement transfer of a supine patient, how should the patient's lower extremities be positioned?

with the hips and knees flexed flat on the bed