Quiz #1 -Radiation Protection (Chapters 1 & 2)

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Define milligray

A subunit of gray Equal to one one-thousandth of a gray

What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?

Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.

What is equivalent dose?

Amount of energy absorbed by humans Measured in millisievert

Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA?

Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.

Define ionizing radiation

Conversion of atoms to ions Makes tissues valuable for creating images Radiation dose

What is exposure measured in?

Coulomb per kilogram-SI unit Milliroentgen

Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified?

Diagnostic efficacy

What are the 2 largest sources of artificial radiation?

Diagnostic x-ray and Nuclear medicine

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?

Effective dose

Define Alpha particles

Emitted from nuclei of very heavy elements during the process of radioactive decay Each contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons Approximately four times the mass of a hydrogen atom and a positive charge twice that of an electron Lose energy quickly

What is particulate radiation?

Form of radiation that includes alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons They possess sufficient kinetic energy to be capable of causing ionization by direct atomic collision High speeds

As frequency increases, penatration

Increases

What can ionizing radiation cause?

Injury in normal biological tissue

Define Beta particles

Inside nucleus Identical to high-speed electrons except for their origin

Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?

Ionizing radiation

What 2 parts is the electromagnetic spectrum divided into?

Ionizing radiation and Non-ionizing radiation

Define Background equivalent radiation time (BERT)

Method to compare the amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure with natural background radiation

What are examples of Non-ionizing radiation?

Microwaves and radio waves

What is absorbed dose measured in?

Milligray

How is effective dose measured?

Millisievert

Define ionizing radiation

Radiation that produces positively and negatively charged particles when passing through matter

In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program?

Radiation Safety Officer

Define Coulomb per kilo

SI unit for radiation exposure

Define effective dose

Takes into account the dose from all types of ionizing radiation

Define absorbed dose

The amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object

What is absorbed dose?

The amount of kinetic energy per until mass that has been absorbed in a material Measured in milligray

What is Effective dose?

The dose for all types of radiation Measured in millisievert

Define exposure

The total electric charge of one sign (all + or -)

What are examples of ionizing radiation?

X-ray, gamma rays

Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their:

frequency and wavelength

The degree to which a diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient

diagnostic efficacy

The quantity that is used for radiation protection that provides a measure of overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation.

effective dose

Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is:

greater than the risk involved.

X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?

ionizing

Define radiation

kinetic energy that passes from one location to another

Define energy

the ability to do work

Define electromagnetic spectrum

the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.


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