quiz 12

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Analysis

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field.

Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles?

Functional fixedness

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Incubation

Subgoals serve a key role in which of the following?

Means-end analysis

Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. Continuing to take the street to the north represents

a mental set.

The ability to shift experience from one problem-solving situation to a similar problem is known as

analogical transfer.

Dr. Chan is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. By doing this, Dr. Chan is studying the effect of _________________ on problem solving. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache?

analogies

The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of _________________ in problem solving.

analogy

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _________________ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty.

initial

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

intermediate

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

novel object.

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as

operators.

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

operators.

Which of the following represents Wallas' 4 stages of creativity?

preparation, incubation, illumination, verification

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.

Experts _________________ than novices.

take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem

Insight refers to

the sudden realization of a problem's solution.

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.