Quiz 15

nociceptors

-may result in a sensation of pain, - perceives damage in some internal organs,

chemoreceptors

-perceives specific chemical conditions, such as alkalinity, -detects specific molecules, such as glucose,

D

A lateral line system, comprised of multiple mechanoreceptors known as ____, allows fish to detect vibrations and water currents. Water pressure bends the _____ on sensory hair cells and triggers an action potetial. a. cupulas; cochlea b. tympanum; exoskeleton c. statoliths; statocysts d. neuromasts; stereocilia e. stapes; malleus

b

An invertebrate statocyst contains ____, which surround movable ____; changes in body position move the latter, triggering action potentials. a. otoliths; sensory hair cells b. sensory hair cells; statoliths c. statoliths; sensory hair cells d. efferent neurons; statoliths e. efferent neurons; otoliths

a

Cephalization is associated with bilateral symmetry. a. True b. False

b

Gray matter is composed of axons with myelin sheaths. a. True b. False

c

How can humans perceive multiple sounds at once? a. The more frequencies of sounds that are present, the further the sound travels into the cochlea. b. Sounds reaching the left or right ear result in different nerve impulses. c. Each portion of the basilar membrane vibrates at a unique frequency, and multiple regions can be stimulated at the same time. d. We have two ears, each perceiving a subset of frequencies in the environment. e. The fluid in the middle ear can transmit multiple frequencies to the oval window.

b

In a healthy human cochlea, fluid is found in the ____. a. vestibular canal, tympanic canal, and cochlear duct b. vestibular and tympanic canals only c. tympanic canal only d. vestibular canal only e. cochlear duct only

b

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. If you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin, what would be the predicted outcome? a. You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. b. You would be able to eat foods containing high concentrations of capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. c. You would be more easily addicted to capsaicin-containing foods than normal individuals. d. You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin. e. You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin.

e

Nociceptors consist of ____. a. sensory receptors formed by a cell that synapses with an afferent neuron b. sensory receptors enclosing an afferent neuron c. stereocilia d. statocysts e. free nerve endings of afferent neurons

b

Sensory information is transmitted to the CNS by the ____. a. somatic neurons of the peripheral nervous system b. afferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system c. efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system d. efferent neurons of the sympathetic division e. somatic neurons of the sympathetic division

a

The combined function of the malleus, incus, and stapes is to ____. a. amplify the vibrations of the ear drum b. convert the mechanical vibration of the tympanic membrane into a pressure wave in the cochlear duct c. equalize the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane d. dampen the vibrations of the tympanic membrane e. convert the oval window's vibrations into vibrations of the tympanic membrane

A

The human _____ is divided into three chambers: the vestibular canal, the cochlear duct, and the tympanic canal. a. cochlea b. middle ear c. semicircular canals d. outer ear e. organ of Corti

a

The lateral line system in fish is comprised of multiple ____ that allow fish to detect vibrations and water currents. a. neuromasts b. stereocilia c. statoliths d. cupulas e. statocysts

a

The portion of the nervous system that is responsible for both increasing heart rate and increasing movement of the intestines is the ____. a. sympathetic nervous system b. peripheral nervous system c. somatic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system e. interaction between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

e

Vertigo is the sensation of dizziness. Which structure is most likely involved in this sensation? a. pinna b. oval window c. stapes d. basilar membrane e. semicircular canals

d

What is an otolith? a. gelatinous structure b. sensory hair c. small microvilli d. calcium carbonate crystal e. proprioceptor

b

What is the function of pain? a. It stimulates the brain to release endorphins to prevent an addiction. b. It causes an organism to move away from, or otherwise decrease exposure to, a damaging stimulus. c. It protects an organism from encountering harmful conditions. d. It works faster than conscious thought. e. It causes an organsim's heart rate to increase to deliver more blood to a damaged body part.

c

Which statement concerning the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system is true? a. Both nervous systems release norepinephrine. b. Both nervous systems stimulate the activities of many organs. c. The sympathetic system generally produces increased physical activity, while the parasympathetic system produces a decrease in physical activity. d. The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control. e. The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli.

peripheral nervous system

carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures,

mechanoreceptors

detects an increase in pressure against the skin,used to detect motion of an organism's own body,

thermoreceptors

detects the flow of heat energy,

somatic nervous system

efferent portion of the PNS dealing with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control,

a

he loudness of a sound depends on the ____ of the sound wave. a. amplitude b. wavelength c. substance d. frequency e. type

*enteric nervous system

innervates the digestive tract,

autonomic nervous system

is comprised of a two neuron series with the presynaptic neuron in the CNS and the postsynaptic neuron in a ganglion,

central nervous system

is comprised of the brain and spinal cord,

photoreceptors

perceives light energy

parasympathetic nervous system

predominates during quiet, low-stress situations.

sympathetic nervous system

predominates in situations involving stress, danger, excitement or strenuous physical activity,