Quiz 2

Read the four statements below. All but one of them correctly names a distinctive characteristic of a total institution. Which one does NOT?

Staff members encourage individual growth and creativity.

The _________________is a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff.

Total institution

A job, a person's name, or having a serious illness, can all be:

Master statuses

Which of the following concepts refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily taken on later in life?

ascribed status

Looking at childhood in global perspective, we find that:

rich societies extend childhood much longer than poor societies do.

According to George Herbert Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these important people as:

significant others.

The Thomas theorem states that:

situations defined as real are real in their consequences.

Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people creatively shape their world as they interact?

social construction of reality

Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

Which of the following concepts defines who and what we are in relation to others?

status

"Nonverbal communication" refers to:

body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.

Harold and Sybil are lost. Harold will not stop to ask for directions as Sybil wants him to. This chapter-opening story shows that:

men avoid asking for directions because asking for help makes them dependent on others.

Patterns of socialization vary by class; in child-rearing, lower-class parents stress __________, while well-to-do parents stress __________.

obedience; creativity

When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that:

people see themselves as they think others see them.

On average, a U.S. household has at least one television turned on for about how many hours a day?

eight

In historical perspective, the power of the mass media in the socialization process has:

increased over time.

Which of the following concepts refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through careful control of the environment?

resocialization

Sociologists use which of the following concepts to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?

role

Joan is an excellent artist and enjoys her work, but feels she cannot devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing:

role conflict.

Assume a plant supervisor wishes to be a good friend and a confidant to the workers, but must remain distant to assess the workers' performance. Which of the following is involved?

role strain