Quiz 2

which of the following correlation coefficients express the weakest degree of relationship between 2 variables?

-0.12

During the past year, Zara and Ivan each read 2 books, but George read 9, Ali read 12, and Marsha read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was

9

professor Craig noticed that on the last psychology test, the students' scores tended to be very different from one another. When she analyzes the data. she will almost certainly find:

a large standard deviation and a large variance

Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of

accommodation

Zach has difficulty understanding whether a friend's pouting facial expression signals sadness or affection. Zach's difficulty would be especially common for those with

autism spectrum disorder

Cameron counted a total of eight blocks stacked in a single pile of blocks. When the pile was knocked over and the blocks scattered in front of him, he knew that there were still eight blocks. This indicates that Cameron has reached the ________ stage of development.

concrete operational

according to Piaget, a person first comprehends the division is the reverse of multiplication during the _______ stage

concrete operational

a random sample of women was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of men. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, it is necessary to

conduct a test of statistical significance

Juanita suffers from a painful back condition. Smoking marijuana would reduce her pain, but she thinks it would be wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Juanita is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ level of morality.

conventional

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

debreifing

4-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of?

egocentrism

Dr. Mason is trying to determine is playing violent games causes one to become more aggressive. To test this relationship, she should conduct a/an:

experiment

according to research by Van den Boom, parents who receive sensitivity training can change their infant's temperament

false

even high-quality paid daycare is harmful to the attachment between small children and their primary at-home caregivers (e.g., parents)

false

the first few minutes after birth are a critical period for attachment; if the newborn and their caregivers are separated, normal attachment will not happen.

false

14 year old Lisa was asked, "what would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" She responded "Those who had previously been blind would become leaders" Lisa's answer indicates she is the ____ stage of development

formal operationsal

authoritative parents are likely to have children who

have high self-esteem and are self-reliant

in an experimental study, men with erectile disorder receives either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the

independent variable

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking

informed consent

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

intelligence and academic success

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was

interpersonal attraction

research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

minimize any difference between groups of participants

Dr. Davis notices that on the most recent Behavioral Statistics test, most students earned a B or above, with only 2 students earning a C, 2 students earning a D and 1 student who failed the test. when she draws a frequency distribution graph of the test scores, she will likely see a distribution that is:

negatively skewed

a negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering from a psychological disorder would indicate that

people who are poor are more likely to have a psychological disorder than wealthy people

in a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. this nonalcoholic drink was a

placebo

Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.

postconventional

Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.

sensormotor

in a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying

one limitation of experiments is that sometimes they are so controlled that they don't capture what happens in real life

true

what is considered a healthy attachment between small children and their caregivers may vary from culture to culture

true

in a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, very young children with a secure attachment are most likely to

use their caregivers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings

"the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skills partners" is Vygotsky's concept of:

zone of proximal development