Quiz 2

Factors that influence organizational managerial ethics include:

Philosophy of top management, reward systems & job dimensions

Which of the following is not an impediment to creativity?

Problem Thinking

Code of ethics issues that impact customers may include:

Product quality, product safety, truth in advertising, & aggressive credit collections

Business ethics is defined as:

Proper business policies & practices regarding potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility & fiduciary responsibilities

In using the innovative process of creativity, the entrepreneur could do all of the following except:

Tends to be means oriented

Which of the following ethical rationalizations are used to justify questionable conduct.

The act is in the individual's or the firm's best interest. The act is not "really" illegal or immoral. The act will never be found out.

The entrepreneur becomes creative by:

Turns problems into opportunities, Seeking out unique opportunities to fill needs and wants, Recognizes that problems are to solutions what demand is to supply

Which of the following questions concerning innovation is not relevant?

"When should the product go to market?"

Most innovations result from:

A conscious & purposeful search for new opportunities

The phase of the creative process when the idea or solution the individual is seeking is discovered is referred to as:

Idea experience

Ethics is defined as:

A set of moral principles & values that defines right & wrong

A code of ethics is:

A written statement of ethical practices or guidelines to which an entity adheres.

Which of the following is not a type of innovation?

Adaptation

When entrepreneurs rely on existing solutions, techniques, or products to try to do things better, they are utilizing what type of creative process?

Adaptive

Which of the following is not a source of innovative ideas for entrepreneurs?

Are there no other alternatives to a problem?

As the population of cars grew there was a shortage of parking area. The Smart car, a small car capable of fitting in to tiny spaces was created so that more cars could be fit in to the existing spaces. The Smart car really didn't catch on as a solution to the problem. This is an example of what form of innovation?

Incongruities

This innovation in doing business was likely caused by?

Demographic ChangesUnexpected Occurrences

Code of ethics issues that impact society may include:

Environmental issues, political issues, & social responsibility

Which statement is true about fads?

Fun, but no lasting impact on society

TCPalm, a subsidiary of the USA Today Network, reporter Melissa E. Holsman wrote in her December 18, 2019 article "Former Indiantown Nonprofit Housing director Donna Carman blames money thefts on gambling" that Donna Carman, the former executive director of Indiantown Nonprofit Housing pleaded guilty to "siphoning" up to $50,000 from the not-for-profit corporation. During the trial, her attorney, Michael B. Cohen, argued that his client's illegal actions to a gambling addiction. Her criminal conduct, he wrote, "represented aberrant behavior."

Her gambling addiction created pressure that led to her perceiving that stealing the money was the right thing to do.

Code of ethics issues that impact employees may include:

Honesty, health & safety, harassment, discrimination, & drug screenings

Information has always been plentiful and the need to access sufficient amounts of it led to established libraries, such as the famed Library of Alexandria and more recently the New York Public Library. The creation of the World Wide Web gave rise to a search engines like Google. The creation of search engines is and example of what?

Industry & Market Changes

Which of the following statements is true about innovation?

Innovation blends imaginative and creative thinking with a systematic, logical process in order to recognize and create opportunity where others find only problems

What are the four types of innovation?

Invention, extension, synthesis, duplication

Why do we need ethics?

It is our means of deciding a course of action.

Which of the following is not a method of generating new ideas?

Mindtapping

Which of the following statements is true about creativity?

People can learn to be creative

Cholera was one of the deadliest diseases to affect Britain in the nineteenth century and this summer marked the 150th anniversary of the fourth and final pandemic in London in 1866. In the nineteenth century it was believed that the disease was transmitted and spread by a 'bad air' or 'bad smells' from rotting organic matter. This thinking dominated official medical and government statements and the recently created General Board of Health was amongst those that believed in this theory. John Snow (1813-1858), an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene, had written several papers arguing against the prevailing foul air method of disease transmission. At this time in our history, germ theory was not developed, so doctors were unaware of the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. But, Snow's research had evidence that it was not due to breathing in foul air. In August 1854, a major outbreak of cholera reached the district of Soho, London,. This was the third cholera outbreak in London, having previously occurred in 1832 and 1849. In the mid-19th century, Soho had a serious problem with filth due to the large influx of people and a lack of proper sanitary services: the London sewer system had not reached Soho at this point and drainage was poor throughout London. It was common at the time to have a cesspit (a hole that your poop and pee went in to) under most homes. Dr. Snow began talking to local residents about their illnesses and mapping the deaths from cholera. His research determined those who caught cholera were getting their drinking water from the Broad Street water pump. His research of the pattern of the disease were convincing enough to persuade the local council to disable the water pump by removing its handle. This action has been credited with contributing significantly to the containment of the disease in the area. It was later discovered that the water for the pump was polluted by sewage contaminated with cholera from a nearby cesspit. Today, we recognize that sanitation is extremely important to maintaining healthy and safe communities. This type of innovation is known as:

Knowledge - Based Concepts

On March 22, 2019 New York Daily News reporters Elizabeth Keogh, Thomas Tracy, and Stephen Rex Brown published the story "Charity volunteer for slain NYPD officers embezzled $410,000 and spent it on dentistry, landscaping, Barbra Streisand tickets: prosecutors". In the story, the journalist trio report on Lorraine Shanley, who served as volunteer treasurer for the Survivors of the Shield from 2010 to 2017. The article details how during her tenure, she spent $410,000 in donations on personal expenses including her son's legal bills, her grandchild's private school tuition, dentistry, landscaping for her Staten Island home and Barbra Streisand tickets. "Lorraine Shanley allegedly capitalized on tragedy and monetized people's generosity," Manhattan U.S. Attorney Geoffrey Berman said. "As alleged, Shanley stole over 20% of the donations to a charity whose sole mission is to help the families of NYPD officers killed in the line of duty." Which of the below best explain Lorraine Shanley's unethical choices:

Lorraine Shanley perceived an opportunity to help her family and herself out of some financial barriers.

A person can develop their own creativity by:

Seeing new & different relationships in people, objects & places around them

During the evaluation/Implementation phase of the creative process, a great deal of _______ is needed?

Self-discipline Courage Perseverance

The unethical practice of "cooking the books" is an ethical issue affecting

Shareholders and investors

Aging demographics indicates which type of trend?

Societal

What are the four sectors we look to for the seed of a fad or trend?

Societal, technology, economic and governmental

In 1812, Casale Monferrato of Italy invented the substance known as nitroglycerin, an oily and highly explosive liquid. Monferrato's creation was so unstable and dangerous to use that he saw no potential commercial use for it. In the same laboratory as Monferrato worked a Swedish man named, Alfred Nobel, who did believe that Monferrato's invention could be tamed and then could be used as a very effective replacement for the black gunpowder in the construction of roadways, tunnels, and other civil engineering works. Indeed, he had a vested interest in doing so because his family business was selling land mines and other explosives equipment. During the course of his attempts to make Monferrato's invention stable, he destroyed his own factory and killed a number of his workmen as well as his brother, Emil. Yet the wide-eyed inventor was not deterred. He continued to trial different approaches until one day he stumbled upon the perfect concoction of nitroglycerin and something called kieselguhr (or diatomaceous Earth) which acted as a stabilizing agent. The new material could be placed in cardboard tubes and Nobel designed a 'blasting cap' and fuse to allow the explosion to be controlled. His new invention was patented in 1867 and originally sold as "Nobel's Blasting Powder". It was later changed to "dynamite", from the Ancient Greek word dýnamis, meaning "power". Nobel's discovery that kieselguhr was the right substance to stabilize nitroglycerin is an example of what for of innovation? A cool fact not associated with the question. In 1888, Alfred's brother, Ludvig, died while visiting Cannes, and a French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred's obituary. In the obituary, the newspaper condemned Alfred for his invention of dynamite, which was had been put in to service by the military as a weapon. The newspaper went so far as to say "The merchant of death is dead" and opened with, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday." Alfred, who never had a wife or children, was disappointed with what he read and concerned with how he would be remembered when he really did die. On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality.

Unexpected Occurrences

Psy's Gangham Style music video is an example of a societal acceptance and enjoyment best known as a _________.

a fad

Once seen as a niche product only consumed by vegans and vegetarians, plant-based meats have gained mainstream acceptance among traditionally carnivorous foodies in the coming year. The market is predicted to grow by 28% each year until it reaches a whopping $85 billion by 2030, thanks to an increasing number of consumers with health, environmental, and animal welfare concerns. Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat are leading the charge, producing alt-meats for grocery store shoppers and partnering with chain restaurants like Burger King, KFC, and Subway to bring affordable options to the masses. It is believed that even more restaurants will introduce plant-based meat menu items that go beyond (pun semi-intended) beef-free burgers. This type of societal change and acceptance is known as:

a trend

Creativity to the Entrepreneur is:

the generation of ideas that results in the improved efficiency or effectiveness of a system