Quiz 3
Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of
cardiac tamponade.
Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)
communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to
decrease left ventricular afterload.
Constrictive pericarditis is associated with
impaired cardiac filling.
Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide.
An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
positioning the arm above the heart level.
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
reduced cardiac output.
The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
reentry mechanisms.
Cor pulmonale refers to
right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of
right-sided heart failure.
The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is
vasodilation.
An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect.
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to
pulmonary stenosis.
Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of
hypertensive crisis.
In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high cardiac output.
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by
pulmonary congestion.
Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in
systemic vascular resistance.
A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?
Ventricular escape rhythm
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
First-degree heart block is characterized by
prolonged PR interval.
The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with
antibiotics.
Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with
antiplatelet drugs
The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of
apoptosis.
Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?
Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T
A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.
False
A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.
False
The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.
False
Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.
False (hypertrophy)
A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of
mitral regurgitation.
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.
In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute
Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.
Prinzmetal variant
High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
afterload.
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is
ST-segment elevation.
A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?
Septic
Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?
Septic
Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?
Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
Sodium
What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?
Tachycardia
Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.
Sepsis has been recently redefined as
a systemic inflammatory response to infection.
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of
baroreceptor activity.
In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?
Class II, Compensated Stage
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with
acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
serum potassium.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is
stable angina.
Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?
Class I
Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.
True
The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
True
What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
Vasoconstriction
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to
hypotension.
Lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation.
Hypertension is closely linked to
obstructive sleep apnea.
A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.
renin
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
syncope.