Quiz 4

On average, how many ATPs would be made if 6 NADH and 4 FADH2 molecules donated their high-energy electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain? A. 6 B. 36 C. 24 D. 12 E. 26

E. 26

You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the fat atoms go (how was it lost)? A. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. B. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. C. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. D. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. E. It was released as CO2 and H2O.

E. It was released as CO2 and H2O.

What advantage do the cristae provide for the mitochondria? A. They activate the matrix. B. They allow swelling of mitochondria. C. They allow the mitochondria to shrink. D. They confer resiliency on the cells. E. They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery.

E. They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery.

Where are most of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located? A. on the cristae B. In the intermembrane space C. on the ribosomes D. in the intercristal space E. in the soluble phase of the mitochondrial matrix

E. in the soluble phase of the mitochondrial matrix

How many NADH + FADH2 are generated from the citric acid cycle from a starting point of one glucose molecule? A. 10 B. 8 C. 6 D. 12 E. 3

B. 8

Which of the following is an essential step during oxidative phosphorylation? A. Transfer of electrons from NADH produces two molecules of ATP B. High-energy electrons are passed from FADH2 or NADH to electron carriers. C. Protons produce ATP during electron transport. D. None of these

B. High-energy electrons are passed from FADH2 or NADH to electron carriers.

Which happens in your muscles during heavy exertion? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Lactic Acid Fermentation C. Ethanol Fermentation D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

B. Lactic Acid Fermentation

What is the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain? A. CO2 B. O2 C. Water D. H E. NADH

B. O2

A reaction involving the gain of one or more electrons is a(n) _________ reaction. A. Oxidation B. Reduction C. Inclusion D. Elimination E. None of these are correct.

B. Reduction

The foods you eat are used for cellular respiration and biosynthesis (the old "you are what you eat"). With this in mind, where does your biomass come from? A. Air B. Organic molecules C. Water D. Sun

B. Organic molecules

How many ATP (or GTP) are generated from the citric acid cycle from a starting point of one glucose molecule? A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4 E. 1

A. 2

What type of electron carrier has a heme group similar to that of myoglobin? A. cytochromes B. flavoproteins C. iron-sulfur proteins D. ubiquinone

A. cytochromes

Of the following sequences, which shows the correct molecules through which electrons flow when delivered to the electron transport system by NADH? A. complex II, coenzyme Q, complex III, complex IV B. complex I, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome c, complex IV C. complex I, coenzyme Q, complex IV, cytochrome c D. complex I, cytochrome c, complex III, coenzyme Q, complex IV E. complex I, coenzyme Q, complex III, complex IV

B. complex I, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome c, complex IV

Glycolysis occurs in the ________; the Krebs (TCA) cycle occurs in the ______ of eukaryotes and the ______ of prokaryotes. A. cytoplasm, photosynthesis, cytoplasm B. cytoplasm, mitochondria, cytoplasm C. mitochondria, cytoplasm, mitochondria D. cytoplasm, cytoplasm, cytoplasm E. cytoplasm, mitochondria, mitochondria

B. cytoplasm, mitochondria, cytoplasm

The basis for the binding change mechanism for ATP synthesis is provided by a(n) _____ electrochemical gradient. A. electron B. proton C. ADP D. ATP

B. proton

For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway ___ molecules of ATP are used initially, and ____ molecules of ATP are produced for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: A. -2 + 2 = 0 B. -2 + 5 = 3 C. -2 + 4 = 2 D. -1 + 4 = 3 E. 2 + 2 = 4

C. -2 + 4 = 2

Which of the following structures is found in mitochondria? A. cristae B. DNA C. All of these structures are correct. D. matrix E. ATP synthase

C. All of these structures are correct.

What molecule is responsible for conveying 2 carbons from pyruvate to the Krebs cycle? A. Coenzyme Q B. Pyruvate C. Coenzyme A D. Oxaloacetate E. Acetate

C. Coenzyme A

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is(are) NOT true? A. They are found in plant cells. B. They contain two membranes. C. They are found in bacterial cells. D. They are found in plant cells and contain two membranes. E. All these responses are true of mitochondria

C. They are found in bacterial cells.

What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme-mediated reaction? A. Vmax/2 stays the same, KM increases B. Vmax/2 stays the same, KM is unchanged C. Vmax/2 decreases, KM is unchanged D. Vmax/2 increases, KM is unchanged E. Vmax/2 stays the same, KM decreases

C. Vmax/2 decreases, KM is unchanged

In what ways can pyruvate and NADH be metabolized? A. anaerobic processing using Krebs cycle, fermentation B. fermentation, hydrolysis of PGAL C. aerobic processing using Krebs cycle, hydrolysis of PGAL D. condensation of PGAL and fermentation E. aerobic processes using Krebs cycle, fermentation

C. aerobic processing using Krebs cycle, hydrolysis of PGAL

Metabolic pathways that make available raw materials from which other molecules can be synthesized and that provide chemical energy required for many cell activities are known as ______. A. anabolism B. allosterism C. catabolism D. gluconeogenesis E. anabolism and catabolism

C. catabolism

Types of electron carriers for the electron-transport chain include all of the following, except _________ A. ubiquinone. B. cytochromes. C. molybdenum. D. flavoproteins.

C. molybdenum.

What kind of enzyme adds phosphate groups to enzymes for the purpose of activating or deactivating them? A. carboxypeptidase B. glycosyltransferases C. protein kinases D. phosphatases E. decarboxylases

C. protein kinases

Which product of glycolysis contributes at least some of its carbon skeleton to the TCA cycle in the mitochondrion? A. NADH B. glucose C. pyruvate D. acetyl COA

C. pyruvate

The energy expended during the formation of ATP by ATP synthase is required to _______. A. attach the phosphate group to ADP. B. attach the tightly bound ATP to the ATP synthase catalytic site. C. release the tightly bound ATP from the ATP synthase catalytic site. D. move protons against their gradient.

C. release the tightly bound ATP from the ATP synthase catalytic site.

The structure of an ATP synthase complex includes all of the following components, except _________. A. F0 base B. F1 head C. thirty catalytic sites D. central stalk

C. thirty catalytic sites

Which of the following acts as an "uncoupler" of glucose oxidation and ADP phosphorylation? A. malate B. succinate dehydrogenase C. cyanide D. 2,4-dinitrophenol

D. 2,4-dinitrophenol

Where do the electrons used in the electron transport chain come from? A. Glycolysis B. Pyruvate processing C. Citric acid cycle D. All of the above E. just A and B

D. All of the above

Which pathway produces the most ATP? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Lactic Acid Fermentation C. Ethanol Fermentation D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

Which pathway requires oxygen? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Lactic Acid Fermentation C. Ethanol Fermentation D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

How is the number of mitochondria increased? A. By spontaneous self-assembly through fusion. B. By budding off of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. C. By budding off of the Golgi apparatus. D. Through fission of preexisting mitochondria.

D. Through fission of preexisting mitochondria.

What are the two interconnected domains of the inner mitochondrial membrane? A. cristae, matrix B. inner boundary membrane, outer boundary membrane C. central boundary membrane, cristae D. inner boundary membrane, cristae E. cristae boundary membrane, outer boundary membrane

D. inner boundary membrane, cristae

What is the name of the process that results in the production of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group as electrons pass down the electron transport chain? A. ATP osmosis B. ATP dehydration C. ADP hydrolysis D. oxidative phosphorylation E. ATP hydrolysis

D. oxidative phosphorylation

What are the two components of the proton-motive force? A. voltage and ATP B. voltage and lipid-soluble agents C. pH gradient and equilibrium D. pH gradient and voltage E. voltage and Yoda!

D. pH gradient and voltage