Quiz 4

The de-condensation of visible chromosomes back into chromatin fibers is a defining feature of which phase of the cell cycle?

telophase

An oncogene is a mutated form of a gene that normally directs

the activation of regulatory pathways moving a cell toward division.

Which of the following is not a recognized organ system within the human body?

the ovarian follicle system

Your primordial (early) heart began as

a fusion of two endocardial tubes near your midline.

A three-dimensional, folded molecule shaped like an "L" with an anticodon at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other end:

a tRNA

Which of the following is not a role of the ribosome or its subunits?

generating ATP energy to be used by the cell in biosynthesis

The ________________ is often represented as a chart in which a specific sequence of bases in mRNA (a codon) is used to represent each amino acid building block found in the world of proteins.

genetic code

Heart rate and respiratory inhalation rate functions in the mature human adult are controlled by the

medulla oblongata.

The genetic code is said to be degenerate. This means that

most amino acids in the code are specified by more than one codon.

When DNA is replicated, the two strands are first separated through _________; each strand then becomes a _________ against which two new strands are made.

multiple hydrogen bond breakage, template

When the organism expresses a set of genes, the result is the characteristics of that organism. These characteristics are called its

phenotype.

The nuclear membrane of the cell disintegrates during which phase of the cell cycle?

prophase

The term "transcription" means the process of

reading a base sequence in DNA to generate a complementary base sequence in RNA (mRNA).

The "S" phase of the cell cycle represents the activity of

DNA synthesis.

In the process of transcription, the base sequence in the molecule _______ is read by the molecule _________ , an enzyme that makes an RNA molecule.

DNA, RNA polymerase

In the translation process, tRNA molecules are also called "adapter" molecules. Why? What is their function?

By binding to mRNA codons properly, they arrange amino acids in the correct sequence needed for translation.

Which of the following phrases best describes the role of mRNA in gene expression?

Information from DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then transported to ribosomes.

Which of the following phrases best describes the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

It helps the ribosome to recognize how and where to begin working.

In healthy cells, the normal function of the activated Ras protein is to

activate a cascade of intracellular protein kinase enzymes.

In the three-dimensional form of the adult Dalmatian dog, the "front" end of the animal would be named the _____ aspect.

anterior

_____________ is a disease state characterized by cells that divide uncontrollably and no longer respect their confinement within their tissue of origin.

cancer

Why is the word "translation" used for protein production? Protein production is the process of

converting the language of RNA nucleotides into the language of amino acids in proteins.