Quiz 4, chapter 7

unconditioned stimuli

(Ch. 7) According to your text, advertisers use enjoyable music, cute babies, attractive models, and funny spokespeople to create positive advertisements. The music, babies, and so on are best thought of as:

existing; new behaviors

(Ch. 7) Classical conditioning applies mainly to __________ behaviors. Operant conditioning applies primarily to __________.

second-order

(Ch. 7) In ________ conditioning, an existing CS can act as a US in a pairing with a new CS.

generalization

(Ch. 7) Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus _________.

generalization

(Ch. 7) Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but by a similar one as well. This is known as stimulus:

behavior and consequences

(Ch. 7) Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:

fixed-interval

(Ch. 7) Pauses in responding are most pronounced following reinforcement in ________schedules.

two stimuli

(Ch. 7) Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the appearance of a lab assistant with the sight of food. This suggests that classical conditioning involves an association between:

fixed-interval

(Ch. 7) Paychecks and grades are delivered on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-interval

(Ch. 7) Sometimes when we call a customer service center, we are put on hold; we do not know how long it will be before our holding behavior is reinforced by the response of an associate, and it doesn't matter what we do in the meantime. Holding is reinforced on a _______ schedule.

conditioning

(Ch. 7) The ability to associate stimuli with responses is termed __________.

behaviorist

(Ch. 7) The study of learning is closely associated with the __________ approach in psychology.

continuous; intermittent

(Ch. 7) Vending machine is to slot machine as ____________ reinforcement is to __________ reinforcement.

expressed more aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

(Ch. 7) When Anderson and Bushman had research participants play either a violent or a non-violent video game, they found that participants who had played the violent game

Strengthening a response by presenting a pleasant stimulus

(Ch. 7) Which of the following defines positive reinforcement?

providing a spanking

(Ch. 7) Which of the following is the best example of positive punishment?

Astrid takes away her daughter's cell phone when she misbehaves

(Ch. 7) Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative punishment?

expected reward

(Ch. 7) Your text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the _____ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.

Extinction

(Ch. 7) __________ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency when the CS is presented in the absence of the US.