Quiz 5

As far as we have been able to measure, the biological (species) diversity of life on land is _______ than that of the ocean. far less slightly less about equal slightly greater far greater

far greater

Which of the following is NOT a method used by marine organisms to cope with darkness? counter-illumination echolocation large eyes bioluminescence electrosensation

counter-illumination

Which is NOT true? Most fish are... bony fish teleosts animals eukaryotes warm-blooded

warm-blooded

How many kilograms of phytoplankton, would it take to produce 1 kg of tuna (assuming tuna eat only pollock which eat only herbivorous zooplankton)? 100 kg 900 kg 1000 kg 10 kg 1kg

1000 kg

How much tuna could be produced from 1 kg of phytoplankton (assuming tuna eat only pollock which eat only herbivorous zooplankton)? 1kg 10g 10kg 100g 1g

1g

We think the biological diversity of land is great than that of the ocean because... There are not as many niches in the marine environment compared to land There are fewer barriers to organism migration in the ocean Ocean environment is more stable so less pressure to diversify All of the above We haven't explored the oceans as fully

All of above

Which is NOT true? All the ocean's primary production is carried out in the sunlit surface waters The most abundant organism on earth is a marine bacteria About 90% of the ocean's biomass is phytoplankton A large part of the ocean's primary production is done by single cell organisms

All the ocean's primary production is carried out in the sunlit surface waters

The first animals were likely to have been most directly related to ... ? Ctenophores sharks porifera cnidarians crustaceans

Ctenophores

Which is NOT an area where widespread coral bleaching has been observed? Indian Ocean Great Barrier Reef Eastern Pacific Caribbean

Eastern Pacific

Which of the these is NOT a toothed whale? Sperm whale Dolphin Narwhal Orca Humpback whale

Humpback whale

The most abundant organism on Earth is likely: dinoflagellates Prochlorococcus marinus Thiomargarista namibiensis a coccolithophore krill

Prochlorococcus marinus

Which is NOT true? About half the ocean's primary production is done by bacteria Some plants carry out chemosynthesis The great majority of marine primary production is carried out by single-cell organisms The organisms that cause 'red-tides' are usually Protists

Some plants carry out chemosynthesis

Which of these is taxonomically most closely related? Shark & Barracuda Octopus & Oyster Dolphin & Manatee Blue Whale & orca whale Walrus & sea lion

Walrus & sea lion

Which type of organism most commonly has an air-filled swim bladder? a marine mammal a dinoflagelate a shark a zooplankton-eating fish an active predatory fish

a zooplankton-eating fish

Compared to the terrestrial environment, the oceanic has: much greater primary productivity and biomass about the same primary productivity and much less biomass about the same primary productivity and about the same biomass much greater primary productivity and much less biomass much less primary productivity and biomass

about the same primary productivity and much less biomass

What is the scientific term for a penis bone? clasper baculum osteranum gonopodium coderon

baculum

Which of the following strategies for coping with ocean salinity is used by most marine invertebrate organisms? by hypotonic be allotropic be isotonic by hypertonic be allophilic

be isotonic

organisms that live on or in the bottom sediment are known as: planktonic subtonic benthic abssal nektonic

benthic

Which is NOT true about krill? They are Crustaceans zooplankton arthropods chordata heterotrophic

chordata

The purpose of a swim bladder is to: expel waste material store food resources balance osmotic pressure control buoyancy extract oxygen from the water

control buoyancy

True or False? ALL cephalopods are predatory carnivores. True False

false

The primary reason Prof. Zimmerman favors a mainly vegetarian diet is because fish stocks are a dwindling resource of concern about the deplorable conditions for animals in the meat production industry it is healthier to eat vegetables than meat eating low on the food chain is environmentally beneficial vegetables contain more energy, per pound, than meat

eating low on the food chain is environmentally beneficial

Which of these are NOT marine Crustaceans? horseshoe crabs lobster copepods barnacles shrimp

horseshoe crabs

One way we might remove CO2 from the atmosphere is by increasing algal production by fertilizing portions of the ocean with: nitrates and phosphates iron calcium carbonate silica manganese

iron

Which is NOT considered a possible contributory factor for 'coral bleaching'? too much solar irradiance influx of suspended sediment from erosion disease (pathogen) too much warming of water lack of nutrients

lack of nutrients

The spring bloom occurs when both: light and nutrients become available warmth and light become available warmth and food become available warmth and nutrients become available

light and nutrients become available

Phytoplankton biomass will likely decrease soon after the spring bloom. Possible reasons include all EXCEPT which of the following? light imitation predation nutrient depletion disease/marine virus attack

light imitation

The idea that biological traits become more or less common through variation in reproductive success is called: intelligent design adaptation natural selection evolution

natural selection

At least sometimes in their life cycle, a jellyfish can be classified as all BUT... benthos meroplankton nekton phytoplankton zooplankton

phytoplankton

Organisms spending most of their time suspended (floating) in the water column are known as: phototactic benthic planktonic nektonic hydrotonic

planktonic

A fish with a caudal fin that is tall but narrow (low surface area) is probably a predator bottom feeder detritavore reef bower herbavore

predator

Which whale is most endangered? sperm Humpback right blue fin

right

Which kind of shoreline is most likely to have a greater diversity of benthic organisms? Sandy with large tidal range rocky with small tidal range rocky with large tidal range sandy with small tidal range

rocky with large tidal range

Which kind of shoreline is most likely to have a greater number of infaunal benthic organisms? sandy shoreline rocky shoreline volcanic island

sandy shoreline

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation used by marine mammals to cope with cold water temperatures? specialized fats that remain liquid at low T counter-current heat exchange have large body volume to surface area ratios vasodilation insulating blubber

specialized fats that remain liquid at low T

Which of the following is NOT an adaption used by marine mammals to cope with cold water temperatures? counter-current heat exchange specialized fats that remain liquid at low T vasodilation insulating blubber have large body volume to surface area ratios

specialized fats that remain liquid at low T

Organisms that can tolerate only a narrow range of salinity conditions are said to be: hypotonic hypertonic euryhaline stenohaline isohaline

stenohaline

The most likely reason for the greater biological (species) diversity of life in the benthic, as opposed to the pelagic environment is... the greater amount of food in the benthic environment the greater complexity of the benthic environment the greater stability of the benthic environment the cold and lack of sunlight in the benthic environment

the greater complexity of the benthic environment

The higher biological diversity of the benthic habitat (versus pelagic) is most likely due to... the constant and stable conditions found in the ocean bottom the fact that the bottom has been less disturbed by humans the longer period of time that life has had to evolve there the larger number of niches (habitats and lifestyles) found there the ability of organisms to hide in the mud

the larger number of niches (habitats and lifestyles) found there

Which is NOT true? Phytoplankton will spend more time in the sunlight when... they contain oils the thermocline is shallow they have a flattened body shape it is summer they have a low surface area to volume ratio

they have a low surface area to volume ratio

In the real world, why would the anenomefish (or clownfish), Marlin, have been searching desperately for his son Nemo after his mother died? to have sex with him to offer him up for adoption to protect from predators out of fatherly love to eat him

to have sex with him

In the 'real world', why would the anenomefish, Marlin, have been searching desperately for his son Nemo after his mother died? to offer him to another anoenomefish couple out of paternal instinct to protect from predators to mate with him to eat him

to mate with him

What is the purpose of vasodilation? to enable deep diving to see better in low light to retain heat to maintain neutral buoyancy to withstand deep water pressures

to retain heat

The latitudinal zone that typically has the lowest total annual marine primary productivity overall is: productivity is about equal at all latitudes temperate zones tropics polar regions

tropics

Which of the following is a simplified statement of the photosynthesis reaction? water + carbon dioxide + energy ? organic matter + oxygen organic matter + oxygen + energy ? water + carbon dioxide water + organic matter + energy ? carbon dioxide + oxygen water + oxygen + energy ? organic matter + carbon dioxide

water + carbon dioxide + energy ? organic matter + oxygen