Quiz 6 Cardiovascular Part Three: CHF, Valvular Disorders, Peripheral Vascular Disease

What is the expected outcome for a patient with the collaborative problem of preventing and managing pulmonary edema? A. No dysrhythmias B. Clear lung sounds C. Less fatigue D. No disorientation

B. Clear lung sounds

In what way does arterial embolization to the brain manifest itself in a patient with infective endocarditis? A. Dysarthria B. Dysphagia C. Atelectasis D. Electrolyte imbalance

B. Dysphagia

Long-term anticoagulant therapy for a patient with valvular heart disease and chronic atrial fibrillation includes which drug? A. Heparin sodium B. Warfarin sodium C. Diltiazem D. Enoxaparin

B. Warfarin sodium

During assessment of a patient with heart failure, the nurse notes that the patient's pulses alternate in strength. What does the assessment indicate to the nurse? A. Pulsus paradoxus B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Hypotension D. Pulsus alternans

D. Pulsus alternans

The nurse is teaching a patient about the treatment regimen for heart failure. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction? A. "I must weigh myself once a month and watch for fluid retention" B. "If my heart feels like it is racing, I should call the doctor" C. "I'll need to consider my activities for the day and rest as needed" D. "I'll need periods of rest and activity, and I should avoid activity after meals"

A. "I must weigh myself once a month and watch for fluid retention"

A patient with heart failure is anxious to recover quickly. After the patient ambulates with the UAP, the nurse observes that the patient has dyspnea. The nurse asks the patient to rate her exertion on a scale of 1 to 20, and the patient says, "I can keep going. It's only about 15." What is the nurse's best response? A. "Slow down a bit; ideally you should be less than 12" B. "As long as you are less than 18, you can keep going" C. "Stop right now; you should not tax your heart beyond 5" D. "You should go slower; you cannot reach level 0 in one day"

A. "Slow down a bit; ideally you should be less than 12"

An African-American male is being seen for a blister on the right toe. What factors increase this patient's risk for developing atherosclerosis? SATA A. 20-year-old history of type 1 diabetes B. Sedentary lifestyle C. Father with history of colon cancer D. 35 lbs overweight E. Grandmother who died after myocardial infarction F. Drinking 2-3 diet sodas per day

A. 20-year-old history of type 1 diabetes B. Sedentary lifestyle D. 35 lbs overweight E. Grandmother who died after myocardial infarction

The cause of dilated cardiomyopathy may include which factors? SATA A. Alcohol abuse B. Sedentary lifestyle C. Infection D. Chemotherapy E. Poor nutrition F. Cigarette smoking

A. Alcohol abuse C. Infection D. Chemotherapy E. Poor nutrition

A patient's cholesterol screening shows a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) value greater than 190 mg/dL. What is the nurse's best interpretation of these results? A. All patients with LDL-C equal to or greater than 190 mg/dL should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia and treated with statin therapy B. Any patient with low LDL-C value should be routinely followed with every 6 month lipid profile values monitoring to see trends in this value C. This patient should be taught to exercise 6-7 days a week to help bring the LDL-C value down over time D. Repeat total cholesterol and LDL-C cholesterol testing during the next routine exam

A. All patients with LDL-C equal to or greater than 190 mg/dL should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia and treated with statin therapy

An older adult patient with heart failure is volume depleted and has a low sodium level. The health care provider has ordered valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). After the initial dose, for what complication does the nurse carefully monitor in this patient? A. Hypotension B. Cough C. Fluid retention D. Chest pain

A. Hypotension

The nurse is assessing the pulses of a patient with valvular disease and finds "bounding" arterial pulses. What is this finding most characteristic of? A. Aortic regurgitation B. Aortic stenosis C. Mitral valve prolapse D. Mitral insufficiency

A. Aortic regurgitation

A patient receiving digoxin therapy for heart failure. What assessment does the nurse perform before administering the medication? A. Auscultate the apical pulse rate and heart rhythm B. Assess for nausea and abdominal distention C. Auscultate the lungs for crackles D. check for increased urine output

A. Auscultate the apical pulse rate and heart rhythm

A patient has an ejection fraction of less than 30%. The nurse prepares to provide patient education about which potential treatment? A. Automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator B. Heart transplant C. Mechanical implanted pump D. Ventricular reconstructive procedure

A. Automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator

A patient is admitted with a vascular problem. Based on the pathophysiology of systemic arterial pressure, the systemic arterial pressure is a product of what factors? SATA A. Cardiac output B. Norepinephrine C. Preload D. Total peripheral vascular resistance E. Diastolic blood pressure F. Afterload

A. Cardiac output D. Total peripheral vascular resistance

Which are signs and symptoms of rheumatic carditis? SATA A. Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) B. Bradycardia C. New murmur development D. Existing streptococcal infection E. Metabolic acidosis F. Pericardial friction rub

A. Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) C. New murmur development D. Existing streptococcal infection F. Pericardial friction rub

A patient had an emergency pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade. Which nursing interventions are included in the postprocedural care of this patient? SATA A. Closely monitor for the recurrence of tamponade B. Be prepared to provide adequate fluid volumes to increase cardiac output C. Prepare the patient for emergency sternotomy if tamponade recurs D. Administer diuretics to decrease fluid volumes around the heart E. Send the pericardial effusion specimen to the laboratory for culture F. Keep the patient on bedrest and supine for at least 24 hours

A. Closely monitor for the recurrence of tamponade B. Be prepared to provide adequate fluid volumes to increase cardiac output C. Prepare the patient for emergency sternotomy if tamponade recurs E. Send the pericardial effusion specimen to the laboratory for culture

The nurse is assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? SATA A. Dependent edema B. Weight loss C. Jugular venous distention D. Hypotension E. Hepatomegaly F. Angina

A. Dependent edema C. Jugular venous distention E. Hepatomegaly

A patient is diagnosed with moderate mitral valve stenosis. Which findings is the nurse most likely to encounter during the physical assessment of this patient? SATA A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Orthopnea C. Palpitations D. Asymptomatic E. Neck vein distention F. Early wet productive cough

A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Orthopnea C. Palpitations E. Neck vein distention

The healthcare provider recommends to a patient that diagnostic testing be performed to assess for valvular heart disease. The nurse teaches the patient about which test that is commonly used for this purpose? A. Echocardiography B. Electrocardiography C. Exercise testing D. Thallium scanning

A. Echocardiography

Which test is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure? A. Echocardiography B. Pulmonary artery catheter C. Radionuclide studies D. Multigated angiographic (MUGA) scan

A. Echocardiography

A patient is admitted for pericarditis. How will the patient likely describe his pain? A. Grating substernal pain that is aggravated by inspiration B. Sharp pain that radiates down the left arm C. Dull ache that feels vaguely like indigestion D. Continuous boring pain that is relieved with rest

A. Grating substernal pain that is aggravated by inspiration

Which patients are at greatest risk for developing infective endocarditis? SATA A. IV drug users B. Patient with a myocardial infarction C. Patient with a prosthetic mitral valve replacement, postoperative D. Patient with mitral stenosis who recently had an abscessed tooth removal E. Older adult patient with urinary tract infection and valve damage F. Patient with cardiac dysrhythmias

A. IV drug users C. Patient with a prosthetic mitral valve replacement, postoperative D. Patient with mitral stenosis who recently had an abscessed tooth removal E. Older adult patient with urinary tract infection and valve damage

A patient is diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis. Which finding warrants immediate notification of the healthcare provider because of the potential for decompensation? A. Irregular heart rhythm signifying atrial fibrillation B. Slow, bounding peripheral pulses associated with bradycardia C. An increase and decrease in pulse rate that follows inspiration and expiration D. An increase in pulse rate and blood pressure after exertion

A. Irregular heart rhythm signifying atrial fibrillation

A patient who was admitted for newly diagnosed heart failure is now being discharged. The nurse instructs the patient and family on how to manage heart failure at home. What major self-management categories should the nurse include? SATA A. Medications B. Weight C. Heart transplants D. Activity E. Diet F. What to do when symptoms get worse

A. Medications B. Weight D. Activity E. Diet F. What to do when symptoms get worse

The nurse is assessing a patient at risk for valvular disease and finds pitting edema. This finding is a sign for which type of valvular disease? A. Mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency B. Aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency C. Tricuspid valve prolapse D. Mitral valve prolapse

A. Mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency

A patient is receiving an infusion of nesiritide for treatment of heart failure. What is the priority nursing assessment while administering this medication? A. Monitor for hypotension B. Assess for cardiac dysrhythmias C. Observe for respiratory depression D. Monitor for peripheral vasoconstriction

A. Monitor for hypotension

A patient with heart failure has inadequate tissue perfusion. Which nursing interventions are included in the plan of care for this patient? SATA A. Monitor respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality every 1-4 hours B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4-8 hours C. Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturations at 90% or greater D. Place the patient in a supine position with pillows under each leg E. Assist the patient in performing coughing and deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours F. Encourage the patient to perform all ADLs even when tired

A. Monitor respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality every 1-4 hours B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4-8 hours C. Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturations at 90% or greater E. Assist the patient in performing coughing and deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours

A patient is treated for acute pulmonary edema. Which medications does the nurse prepare to administer to this patient? SATA A. Nitroglycerin SL B. Furosemide sulfate IV C. Morphine sulfate IV D. Metoprolol IV E. Nitroglycerin IV F. Oxygen by nasal cannula at 1 L/minute

A. Nitroglycerin SL B. Furosemide sulfate IV C. Morphine sulfate IV E. Nitroglycerin IV

Which are proposed criteria for diagnosis of acute pericarditis? SATA A. Pericardial chest pain B. Chest pain lasts longer than 3 months C. Presence of pericardial friction rub D. New ST elevation on all ECG leads E. Hepatic engorgement F. New or worsening pericardial effusion

A. Pericardial chest pain C. Presence of pericardial friction rub D. New ST elevation on all ECG leads F. New or worsening pericardial effusion

Which descriptions accurately characterize restrictive cardiomyopathy? SATA A. Prognosis is poor B. Symptoms are similar to left- or right-sided heart failure C. Some patients die without any symptoms D. It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy E. It is the rarest cardiomyopathies F. Filling is restricted during diastole

A. Prognosis is poor B. Symptoms are similar to left- or right-sided heart failure E. It is the rarest cardiomyopathies F. Filling is restricted during diastole

The healthcare provider has ordered unfractionated heparin (UFH) for a patient with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Before administering the drug, the nurse ensures that which laboratory tests were obtained for baseline measurements? SATA A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) C. International Normalized Ratio (INR) D. Complete blood count (CBC) with platelet count E. Arterial blood gas F. Urinalysis

A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) C. International Normalized Ratio (INR) D. Complete blood count (CBC) with platelet count F. Urinalysis

What is the most common problem for the patient with valvular heart disease? A. Reduced cardiac output B. Difficulty coping C. Shortness of breath D. Altered body image

A. Reduced cardiac output

Atherosclerosis affects which larger arteries? SATA A. Renal B. Femoral C. Coronary D. Brachial cephalic E. Aorta F. Carotid

A. Renal B. Femoral C. Coronary E. Aorta F. Carotid

A patient is a candidate for a xenograft valve. The nurse emphasizes that this type of valve does not require anticoagulant therapy but will require which intervention? A. Replacement in about 7-10 years B. An exercise program to develop collateral circulation C. Daily temperature checks to watch for signs of rejection D. Frequent monitoring for pulmonary edema

A. Replacement in about 7-10 years

A patient who reports having a sore throat 2 weeks ago now reports chest pain. On physical assessment, the nurse hears a new murmur, pericardial friction rub, and tachycardia. THe electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a prolonged P-R interval. What condition does the nurse suspect in this patient? A. Rheumatic carditis B. Heart failure C. Cardiomyopathy D. Aortic stenosis

A. Rheumatic carditis

The nurse is assessing a patient who has received a heart transplant. Which clinical manifestations suggest transplant rejection? SATA A. Shortness of breath B. Depression C. Severe abdominal pain D. New bradycardia E. Hypotension F. Decreased activity tolerance

A. Shortness of breath D. New bradycardia E. Hypotension F. Decreased activity tolerance

Which intervention are effective for a patient with a potential for pulmonary edema caused by heart failure? SATA A. Sodium and fluid restriction B. Slow infusion of hypotonic saline C. Administration of potassium D. Administration of loop diuretics E. Position in semi-Fowler's to high-Fowler's position F. Weekly weight monitoring

A. Sodium and fluid restriction D. Administration of loop diuretics E. Position in semi-Fowler's to high-Fowler's position

When heart failure develops, what is the initial compensatory mechanism of the heart that maintains cardiac output? A. Sympathetic stimulation B. Parasympathetic stimulation C. Renin-angiotensin-activation system (RAAS) D. Myocardial hypertrophy

A. Sympathetic stimulation

The nursing student is assisting in the care of a patient with advanced right-sided heart failure. In addition to bringing a stethoscope, what additional piece of equipment does the student bring in order to assess this patient? A. Tape measure B. Glasgow Coma Scale C. Portable Doppler D. Bladder ultrasound scanner

A. Tape measure

A patient is diagnosed with new-onset infective endocarditis. Which recent procedure is the patient most likely to report? A. Teeth cleaning B. Urinary bladder catheterization C. Chest radiography D. ECG

A. Teeth cleaning

Which signs/symptoms occur with chronic constrictive pericarditis? SATA A. Thick, rigid pericardium B. Stiff heart valves C. Jugular venous distension D. Crackles and wheezes E. Exertional fatigue and dyspnea F. Dependent edema

A. Thick, rigid pericardium C. Jugular venous distension E. Exertional fatigue and dyspnea F. Dependent edema

The nurse hears in report that a patient has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation (insufficiency). Which early symptom is most likely to be first reported by the patient? A. Atypical chest pain B. Chronic weakness C. Anxiety D. Dyspnea

B. Chronic weakness

The nurse is interviewing a patient with a history of high blood pressure and heart problems. Which statement by the patient causes the nurse to suspect the patient may have heart failure? A. "I noticed a very fine red rash on my chest" B. "I had to take off my wedding ring last week" C. "I've had fever quite frequently" D. "I have pain in my shoulder when I cough"

B. "I had to take off my wedding ring last week"

The home health nurse is evaluating a patient being treated for heart failure. Which statement by the patient is the best indicator of hope and well-being as a desired psychological outcome? A. "I'm taking the medication and following the doctor's orders" B. "I'm looking forward to dancing with my wife on our wedding anniversary" C. "I'm planning to go on a long trip; I'll never go back to the hospital again" D. "I want to thank you for all that you have done. I know you did your best"

B. "I'm looking forward to dancing with my wife on our wedding anniversary"

A patient comes to the emergency department (ED) extremely anxious, tachycardic, struggling for air, and with a moist cough productive of frothy, blood-tinged sputum. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Apply a pulse oximeter and cardiac monitor B. Administer high-flow oxygen therapy via face mask C. Prepare for continuous positive airway pressure ventilation D. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation

B. Administer high-flow oxygen therapy via face mask

Assessment findings for a patient with acute pericarditis include neck vein distension, clear lungs, muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a greater than 10 mm Hg difference in systolic pressure on inspiration than on expiration. What is the nurse's first response to these assessment findings? A. Continue to monitor the patient; these are normal signs of pericarditis B. Administer oxygen and immediately report the findings to the healthcare provider C. Monitor oxygen saturations and seek order for pain medication to control symptoms D. Check ECG, administer morphine for pain, and administer diuretics

B. Administer oxygen and immediately report the findings to the healthcare provider

What is the common treatment for rheumatic carditis? A. Pericardiocentesis B. Antibiotics for 10 days C. Pain medication for substernal pain control D. Rest with observation for further necessary treatment

B. Antibiotics for 10 days

A patient with a prosthetic valve replacement must understand that postoperative care will include lifelong therapy with which type of medication? A. Antibiotics B. Anticoagulants C. Immunosuppressants D. Pain medication

B. Anticoagulants

Which type of cardiomyopathy results from replacement of myocardial tissue with fibrous and fatty tissue? A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy

B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient who was admitted with dyspnea. Which diagnostic test best differentiates between heart failure and lung dysfunction? A. Arterial blood gas B. B-type natriuretic peptide C. Hemoglobin D. Serum electrolytes

B. B-type natriuretic peptide

The nurse is counseling a group of women about cholesterol-lowering drugs. Which drug will decrease blood pressure while decreasing triglycerides (TGs), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)? A. Ezetimibe B. Caduet C. Vytorin D. Advicor

B. Caduet

Which treatment intervention applies to a patient with infective endocarditis? A. Administration of oral penicillin for 6 weeks or more B. Hospitalization for initial IV antibiotics; then home to continue IV therapy C. Complete bedrest for the duration of treatment D. Long-term anticoagulant therapy with heparin followed by oral warfarin

B. Hospitalization for initial IV antibiotics; then home to continue IV therapy

Which factors can increase systemic arterial pressure? SATA A. Decreased cardiac output B. Increased heart rate C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance D. Increased stroke volume E. Decreased blood pressure F. Decreased stroke volume

B. Increased heart rate C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance D. Increased stroke volume

A patient is prescribed bumetanide. What is an important teaching point for the nurse to include about this medication? A. Caution to move slowly when changing positions, especially from lying to sitting B. Information about potassium-rich foods to include in the diet C. Written instructions on how to count the radial pulse rate D. Information about low-sodium diets and reading food labels for sodium content

B. Information about potassium-rich foods to include in the diet

Which characteristics describe mitral valve prolapse? SATA A. Hepatomegaly is a late sign B. Leaflets enlarge and fall back into left atrium during systole C. Most patients are asymptomatic D. Patients have normal heart rate and blood pressure E. Mitral valve prolapse is becoming a disorder of aging populations F. A midsystolic click and late systolic murmur can be heard at the apex of the heart

B. Leaflets enlarge and fall back into left atrium during systole C. Most patients are asymptomatic D. Patients have normal heart rate and blood pressure F. A midsystolic click and late systolic murmur can be heard at the apex of the heart

The surgical noninvasive intervention of a balloon valvuloplasty is often used for which type of patient? A. Young adults with a genetic valve defect B. Older adults who are nonsurgical candidates C. Adults whose open heart surgery failed D. Older adults who need replacement valves

B. Older adults who are nonsurgical candidates

The patient has infective endocarditis. Which findings does the nurse expect when assessing this patient? SATA A. Pericardial friction rub B. Osler's nodes C. Petechiae D. A new regurgitant murmur E. Grating pain that is aggravated by breathing F. Fever associated with chills and night sweats

B. Osler's nodes C. Petechiae D. A new regurgitant murmur F. Fever associated with chills and night sweats

The nurse is assessing a patient with pericarditis. In order to hear a pericardial friction rub, which stethoscope technique does the nurse use? A. Place the diaphragm at the apex of the heart B. Place the diaphragm at the left lower sternal border C. Place the bell just below the left clavicle D. Place the bell at several points while the patient holds his or her breath

B. Place the diaphragm at the left lower sternal border

A patient has received a heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy. Because the patient has a high risk for cardiac tamponade, for which signs/symptoms does the nurse immediately notify the healthcare provider? A. Crackles and wheezes of the lungs B. Pulsus paradoxus and muffled heart sounds C. Hepatomegaly and ascites D. Dependent edema and fluid retention

B. Pulsus paradoxus and muffled heart sounds

Which characteristics describe mitral valve stenosis? SATA A. Classic signs of dyspnea, angina, and syncope B. Rumbling apical diastolic murmur C. S3 often present due to severe regurgitation D. Right-sided heart failure results in neck vein distention E. The patient may experience palpitations while lying on the left side F. Mild mitral stenosis is usually asymptomatic

B. Rumbling apical diastolic murmur D. Right-sided heart failure results in neck vein distention F. Mild mitral stenosis is usually asymptomatic

The nurse is assessing a patient with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? SATA A. Ascites B. S3 heart sounds C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea D. Jugular venous distention E. Oliguria during the day F. Wheezes or crackles

B. S3 heart sounds C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea E. Oliguria during the day F. Wheezes or crackles

The nurse is reviewing the ECG of a patient admitted for acute pericarditis. Which ECG change does the nurse anticipate? A. Normal ECG B. ST-T spiking C. Peaked T waves D. Wide QRS complexes

B. ST-T spiking

A patient is prescribed diuretics for treatment of heart failure. Because of this therapy, the nurse pays particular attention to which laboratory test level? A. Peak and trough levels of the drugs B. Serum potassium C. Serum sodium D. Prothrombin time (PT)

B. Serum potassium

What is the definitive treatment for a patient with chronic constrictive pericarditis? A. Antibiotic therapy B. Surgical excision of the pericardium C. Administration of beta blockers and corticosteroids D. Pericardiocentesis

B. Surgical excision of the pericardium

The nurse identifies a priority problem of fatigue and weakness for a patient with heart failure. After the patient ambulates 200 feet down the hall, the patient's blood pressure change is decreased by more than 20 mm Hg. How does the nurse interpret this data? A. The patient is building endurance B. The activity is too stressful C. The patient could walk farther D. The activity is appropriate

B. The activity is too stressful

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who had valve surgery. Which home care instructions does the nurse include in the teaching plan? SATA A. Increase consumption of foods high in vitamin K B. Use an electric razor to avoid skin cuts C. Report any bleeding or excessive bruising D. Watch for and report any fever, drainage, or redness at site E. Avoid heavy lifting for 3-6 weeks F. Report dyspnea, syncope, dizziness, edema, and palpitations

B. Use an electric razor to avoid skin cuts C. Report any bleeding or excessive bruising D. Watch for and report any fever, drainage, or redness at site F. Report dyspnea, syncope, dizziness, edema, and palpitations

A patient with aortic valve endocarditis reports fatigue and shortness of breath. Crackles are heard on lung auscultation. What do these assessment findings most likely indicate? A. Emboli to the lung B. Valve incompetence resulting in heart failure C. Valve stenosis resulting in increased chamber size D. Coronary artery disease

B. Valve incompetence resulting in heart failure

When is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced and released for a patient with heart failure? A. When a patient has an enlarged liver B. When a patient has fluid overload C. When a patient's ejection fraction is lower than normal D. When a patient has ventricular hypertrophy

B. When a patient has fluid overload

The nurse is taking a history on a patient with recently diagnosed heart failure. The patient admits to "sometimes have trouble catching my breath" but is unable to provide more specific details. What question does the nurse ask to gather more data about the patient's symptoms? A. "Do you have any medical problems, such as high blood pressure?" B. "What did your doctor tell you about your diagnosis?" C. "What was your most strenuous activity in the past week?" D. "How do you feel about being told that you have heart failure?"

C. "What was your most strenuous activity in the past week?"

A patient with a history of valvular heart disease requires an invasive dental procedure. The nurse notifies the healthcare provider to obtain a patient prescription for which type of medication? A. Anticoagulants B. Antihypertensives C. Antibiotics D. Antianginals

C. Antibiotics

A patient is scheduled for valve surgery. Which medication does the nurse instruct the patient to discontinue at least 72 hours before the procedure? A. Antihypertensives B. Diuretics C. Anticoagulants D. Antibiotics

C. Anticoagulants

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a valvuloplasty. The nurse monitors for which common complication in the postprocedural period? A. Myocardial infarction B. Angina C. Bleeding and emboli D. Infection

C. Bleeding and emboli

A patient is admitted for possible infective endocarditis. Which test does the nurse anticipate will be performed to confirm a positive diagnosis? A. CT scan B. MRI C. Blood calcium D. Echocardiogram

C. Blood calcium

The patient has excess fluid in the pericardial cavity seen on echocardiogram. For which complication is the patient at increased risk? A. Pericardial friction rub B. Pulsus paradoxus C. Cardiac tamponade D. Systemic emboli

C. Cardiac tamponade

Which is a characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy? A. Results from replacement of myocardial tissue with fibrous tissue B. Causes stiff ventricles that restrict filling during diastole C. Causes symptoms of left ventricular failure D. Causes right ventricular failure early in the disease

C. Causes symptoms of left ventricular failure

The night shift nurse is listening to report and hears that a patient has paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. What does the nurse plan to do next? A. Instruct the patient to sleep in a side-lying position and then check on the patient every 2 hours to help with switching sides B. Make the patient comfortable in a bedside recliner with several pillows to keep the patient more upright throughout the night C. Check on the patient several hours after bedtime and assist the patient to sit upright and dangle the feet when dyspnea occurs D. Check the patient frequently because the patient has insomnia due to fear of suffocation

C. Check on the patient several hours after bedtime and assist the patient to sit upright and dangle the feet when dyspnea occurs

The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about signs and symptoms that suggest a return or worsening of heart failure. What does the nurse include in the teaching? SATA A. Rapid weight loss of 3 lbs in a week B. Increase in exercise tolerance lasting 2-3 days C. Cold symptoms (cough) lasting more than 3-5 days D. Excessive awakening at night to urinate E. Development of dyspnea or angina at rest or worsening angina F. Increased swelling in the feet, ankles, or hands

C. Cold symptoms (cough) lasting more than 3-5 days D. Excessive awakening at night to urinate E. Development of dyspnea or angina at rest or worsening angina F. Increased swelling in the feet, ankles, or hands

An older adult patient is taking digoxin for treatment of heart failure. What is the priority nursing action for this patient related to the medication therapy? A. Give the mediation in conjunction with an antacid B. Keep the patient on the cardiac monitor and observe for ventricular dysrhythmias C. Monitor for early signs of toxicity such as bradycardia on the ECG tracing D. Advise the patient that there is increased mortality related to toxicity

C. Monitor for early signs of toxicity such as bradycardia on the ECG tracing

Which patient meets the criteria for selection as a candidate for heart transplant surgery? A. Patient with life expectancy of 3-5 years B. Patient who is over 75 years of age C. Patient who is New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III D. Patient who drinks 5-6 beers every day

C. Patient who is New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III

Which priority medical surgical concept applies to a patient with heart failure? A. Gas exchange B. Infection C. Perfusion D. Comfort

C. Perfusion

The nurse assesses a patient and notes red, flat, pinpoint spots on the mucous membranes. Which finding has the nurse assessed? A. Pericardial friction rub B. Splinter hemorrhages C. Petechiae D. Systemic emboli

C. Petechiae

A patient with heart failure has excessive aldosterone secretion and is experiencing thirst and continuously asking for water. What instruction does the nurse give the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? A. Severely restrict fluid to 500 mL plus output from the previous 24 hours B. Give the patient as much water as desired to prevent dehydration C. Restrict fluid to 2 L daily, with accurate intake and output D. Frequently offer the patient ice chips and moistened toothettes

C. Restrict fluid to 2 L daily, with accurate intake and output

Which laboratory test does the nurse monitor for potential cardiac problems and digoxin toxicity? A. Complete blood count B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) C. Serum potassium D. International Normalized Ratio (INR)

C. Serum potassium

A patient is admitted for pericarditis. In order to assist the patient to feel more comfortable, what does the nurse instruct the patient to do? A. Sit in a semi-Fowler's position with pillows under the arms B. Lie on the side in a fetal position C. Sit up and lean forward D. Lie down and bend the legs at the knees

C. Sit up and lean forward

The patient is admitted with aortic stenosis. Diagnostic testing reveals that the surface area of the valve is less than 1 cm. Which urgent intervention is required at this time? A. Therapy with drugs that increase myocardial contractility B. Physical therapy consult to create an individualized exercise program C. Surgical heart valve replacement D. Aortic valvuloplasty in the cardiac catheterization lab

C. Surgical heart valve replacement

A patient's bilateral radial pulses are occasionally weak and irregular. Which assessment technique does the nurse use first to investigate this finding? A. Check the color and capillary refill in the upper extremities B. Check the peripheral pulses in the lower extremities C. Take the apical pulse for 1 minute, noting any irregularity in heart rhythm D. Check the cardiac monitor for irregularities in rhythm

C. Take the apical pulse for 1 minute, noting any irregularity in heart rhythm

Why does the nurse document the precise location of crackles auscultated in the lungs of a patient with heart failure? A. Crackles will eventually change to wheezes as the pulmonary edema worsens B. The level of the fluid spreads laterally as the pulmonary edema worsens C. The level of fluid ascends as the pulmonary edema worsens" D. Crackles will eventually diminish as the pulmonary edema worsens"

C. The level of fluid ascends as the pulmonary edema worsens"

Which definition best describes left-sided heart failure? A. Increased volume and pressure develop and result in peripheral edema B. It can occur when cardiac output remains normal or above normal C. There is decreased tissue perfusion from poor cardiac output and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels D. It is the percentage of blood ejected from the heart during systole

C. There is decreased tissue perfusion from poor cardiac output and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels

The nurse is conducting dietary teaching with a patient. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of fat sources and the need to limit saturated fats? A. "Coconut oil has a rich flavor and is a good cooking oils" B. "Sunflower oil is high in saturated fats, so I should avoid it" C. "Meat and eggs mostly contain unsaturated fats" D. "Canola oil has monounsaturated fat and is recommended"

D. "Canola oil has monounsaturated fat and is recommended"

Which blood pressure is considered normal for an adult patient over 60 years of age? A. 162/92 mm Hg B. 150/94 mm Hg C. 156/90 mm Hg D. 144/88 mm Hg

D. 144/88 mm Hg

A patient is admitted to the unit with assessment findings that include substernal pain that radiates to the left shoulder. The pain is described by the patient as grafting, and is worse with inspiration and coughing. What likely is the cause of this patient's symptoms? A. Chronic constrictive pericarditis B. Cardiac tamponade C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy D. Acute pericarditis

D. Acute pericarditis

A patient is at risk for heart failure but currently has no official medical diagnosis. While assessing the patient's lungs, the nurse hears profuse fine crackles. What does the nurse do next? A. Report the finding to the health care provider B. Document the finding as a baseline for later comparison C. Give the patient low-flow supplemental oxygen D. Ask the patient to cough and auscultate the lungs

D. Ask the patient to cough and auscultate the lungs

The healthcare provider has ordered an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for a patient with heart failure. The parameters are to maintain a systolic blood pressure ranging from 90 to 110 mm Hg. Today the patient has a blood pressure of 110/80 mm Hg but feels dizzy and light headed. What is the nurse's first priority action? A. Give the medication because blood pressure is within the parameters B. Call the healthcare provider about the new onset of confusion C. Hold the medication and document the new findings D. Assess the patient for other symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion

D. Assess the patient for other symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion

A patient has recently been diagnosed with acute heart failure. Which medication order does the nurse question? A. Dobutamine, a beta-adrenergic agonist B. Mirione, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor C. Levosimendan, a positive inotropic D. Carvedilol, a beta-blocker

D. Carvedilol, a beta-blocker

A patient may die without any symptoms from which type of cardiomyopathy? A. Dilated cardiomyopathy B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The nurse reviewing the ECG of a patient on digoxin therapy. What early sign of digitalis toxicity does the nurse look for? A. Tachycardia B. Peaked T waves C. Atrial fibrillation D. Loss of P waves

D. Loss of P waves

What is an early sign of left ventricular failure that a patient is most likely to report? A. Nocturia B. Weight gain C. Swollen legs D. Nocturnal coughing

D. Nocturnal coughing

Based on the etiology and the main cause of heart failure, which patient has the greatest need for health promotion measures to prevent heart failure? A. Patient with Alzheimer's B. Patient with cystitis C. Patient with asthma D. Patient with hypertension

D. Patient with hypertension

The nurse is reviewing diagnostic test results for a patient who is hypertensive. Which laboratory results is an early warning sign of decreased heart compliance and prompts the nurse to immediately notify the health care provider? A. Normal B-type natriuretic peptide B. Decreased hemoglobin C. Elevated thyroxine (T4) D. Presence of microalbuminuria

D. Presence of microalbuminuria

A patient is admitted for heart failure and has edema, neck vein distention, and ascites. What is the most reliable way to monitor fluid gain or loss in this patient? A. Check for pitting edema in the dependent body parts B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles or wheezing C. Assess skin turgor and the condition of mucous membranes D. Weigh the patient daily at the same time with the same scale

D. Weigh the patient daily at the same time with the same scale