Quiz 6 Cardiovascular Part Three: CHF, Valvular Disorders, Peripheral Vascular Disease

The nurse is conducting dietary teaching with a patient. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of fat sources and the need to limit saturated fats? A. "Coconut oil has a rich flavor and is a good cooking oils" B. "Sunflower oil is high in saturated fats, so I should avoid it" C. "Meat and eggs mostly contain unsaturated fats" D. "Canola oil has monounsaturated fat and is recommended"

D. "Canola oil has monounsaturated fat and is recommended"

Which blood pressure is considered normal for an adult patient over 60 years of age? A. 162/92 mm Hg B. 150/94 mm Hg C. 156/90 mm Hg D. 144/88 mm Hg

D. 144/88 mm Hg

Which blood pressure finding for a 55-year-old adult patient with no other medical problems would warrant further evaluation for hypertension? A. 128/78 mm Hg B. 134/80 mm Hg C. 146/88 mm Hg D. 152/94 mm Hg

D. 152/94 mm Hg

A patient is admitted to the unit with assessment findings that include substernal pain that radiates to the left shoulder. The pain is described by the patient as grafting, and is worse with inspiration and coughing. What likely is the cause of this patient's symptoms? A. Chronic constrictive pericarditis B. Cardiac tamponade C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy D. Acute pericarditis

D. Acute pericarditis

While assessing a patient, the nurse sees a small, round ulcer with a "punched out" appearance and well-defined borders on the great toe. The patient reports the ulcer is painful. How does the nurse interpret this finding? A. Venous stasis ulcer B. Diabetic ulcer C. Gangrenous ulcer D. Arterial ulcer

D. Arterial ulcer

A patient is at risk for heart failure but currently has no official medical diagnosis. While assessing the patient's lungs, the nurse hears profuse fine crackles. What does the nurse do next? A. Report the finding to the health care provider B. Document the finding as a baseline for later comparison C. Give the patient low-flow supplemental oxygen D. Ask the patient to cough and auscultate the lungs

D. Ask the patient to cough and auscultate the lungs

The healthcare provider has ordered an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for a patient with heart failure. The parameters are to maintain a systolic blood pressure ranging from 90 to 110 mm Hg. Today the patient has a blood pressure of 110/80 mm Hg but feels dizzy and light headed. What is the nurse's first priority action? A. Give the medication because blood pressure is within the parameters B. Call the healthcare provider about the new onset of confusion C. Hold the medication and document the new findings D. Assess the patient for other symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion

D. Assess the patient for other symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion

A patient who had an endoscopic stent graft repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was transferred to the unit from the PACU. Which action does the nurse take when caring for this patient over the next 24 hours? A. Assess the patient's ability to climb stairs B. Teach the patient that he or she may drive 1-2 days after discharge C. Discourage coughing and deep-breathing D. Assist the patient to a bedside chair

D. Assist the patient to a bedside chair

While assessing a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm, the nurse notes a pulsation in the upper abdomen slightly to the left of the midline between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus. What does the nurse do next? A. Measure the mass with a ruler B. Palpate the mass for tenderness C. Percuss the mass to determine the borders D. Auscultate for a bruit over the mass

D. Auscultate for a bruit over the mass

A patient has recently been diagnosed with acute heart failure. Which medication order does the nurse question? A. Dobutamine, a beta-adrenergic agonist B. Mirione, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor C. Levosimendan, a positive inotropic D. Carvedilol, a beta-blocker

D. Carvedilol, a beta-blocker

The nurse is teaching a patient with Buerger's disease about self-care. What is the most important point that the nurse emphasizes? A. Lower intake of fat and reduce cholesterol to reverse the disease process B. Perform daily exercise of fingers or toes to slow the progress of the disease C. Limit exposure to extreme or prolonged cold temperatures because of vasoconstriction D. Cease cigarette smoking and tobacco use to arrest the disease process

D. Cease cigarette smoking and tobacco use to arrest the disease process

A patient has had aortoiliac bypass surgery with graft placement. The nurse notes induration, erythema, warmth, edema, and drainage at the site. Before calling the physician, what additional assessment does the nurse perform? A. Palpates the patient's abdomen and checks for the last bowel movement B. Auscultates the patient's lung sounds and checks the pulse oximeter reading C. Assesses the patient for signs of occult bleeding and looks at the prothrombin time results D. Checks the patient's temperature and looks at the white blood cell results

D. Checks the patient's temperature and looks at the white blood cell results

A patient may die without any symptoms from which type of cardiomyopathy? A. Dilated cardiomyopathy B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The nurse reviewing the ECG of a patient on digoxin therapy. What early sign of digitalis toxicity does the nurse look for? A. Tachycardia B. Peaked T waves C. Atrial fibrillation D. Loss of P waves

D. Loss of P waves

A patient has returned to the unit after a percutaneous transluminal intervention. What is the postprocedural nursing priority? A. Pain management B. Checking the distal pulses C. Early ambulation to prevent complications D. Monitoring for bleeding at the puncture site

D. Monitoring for bleeding at the puncture site

A patient is prescribed atorvastatin. The nurse instructs the patient to watch for and report which side effect? A. Nausea and vomiting B. Cough C. Headaches D. Muscle cramps

D. Muscle cramps

What is an early sign of left ventricular failure that a patient is most likely to report? A. Nocturia B. Weight gain C. Swollen legs D. Nocturnal coughing

D. Nocturnal coughing

Based on the etiology and the main cause of heart failure, which patient has the greatest need for health promotion measures to prevent heart failure? A. Patient with Alzheimer's B. Patient with cystitis C. Patient with asthma D. Patient with hypertension

D. Patient with hypertension

For which patient does the nurse question the use of hydrochlorothiazide? A. Asthmatic patient B. Patient with chronic airway limitation C. Patient with hyperkalemia D. Patient with hypokalemia

D. Patient with hypokalemia

The nurse assesses a patient and documents the following findings: "decreased pedal and posterior tibial pulses bilateral (1+), skin is cool-to-cold to touch, loss of hair on lower extremities, patient reports that lower extremity pain is reproducible when walking and relieved by rest, and also noted are thickened toenails." What condition does this patient likely have? A. Peripheral venous disease B. Deep vein thrombosis C. Raynaud's syndrome D. Peripheral arterial disease

D. Peripheral arterial disease

The nurse is reviewing the results of urine tests for a patient with a medical diagnosis of essential hypertension. The presence of catecholamines in the urine is evidence of which disorder? A. Renal failure B. Primary aldosteronism C. Cushing's syndrome D. Pheochromocytoma

D. Pheochromocytoma

The nurse is reviewing diagnostic test results for a patient who is hypertensive. Which laboratory results is an early warning sign of decreased heart compliance and prompts the nurse to immediately notify the health care provider? A. Normal B-type natriuretic peptide B. Decreased hemoglobin C. Elevated thyroxine (T4) D. Presence of microalbuminuria

D. Presence of microalbuminuria

During assessment of a patient with heart failure, the nurse notes that the patient's pulses alternate in strength. What does the assessment indicate to the nurse? A. Pulsus paradoxus B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Hypotension D. Pulsus alternans

D. Pulsus alternans

The home health nurse is making the first visit to a patient who had an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. In evaluating the home situation, what does the nurse observe that is cause for concern? A. The patient has been having groceries delivered for several weeks B. There is a calendar hanging on the refrigerator with medication times C. The patient's bedroom and bathroom access are on the ground floor D. The patient decides to mow the lawn and clean out the garage

D. The patient decides to mow the lawn and clean out the garage

A patient has been on bedrest following a motor vehicle accident. While assessing the patient, the nurse notes that the patient's left lower extremity has edema and is warm to the touch. The patient reports the calf of the left leg is slightly painful. The nurse suspects that this assessment may indicate which disorder? A. Raynaud's syndrome B. Cellulitis C. Aneurysm D. Venous thromboembolism

D. Venous thromboembolism

A patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy. The nurse instructs the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) in which task related to the anticoagulant therapy? A. Observe the skin for ecchymosis, bruising, and petechiae during morning hygiene B. Replace the antiembolism devices after bathing or ambulating C. Check on the patient every 2 hours and report changes in mental status D. Watch for a report blood in the stool when assisting the patient with toileting

D. Watch for a report blood in the stool when assisting the patient with toileting

A patient is admitted for heart failure and has edema, neck vein distention, and ascites. What is the most reliable way to monitor fluid gain or loss in this patient? A. Check for pitting edema in the dependent body parts B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles or wheezing C. Assess skin turgor and the condition of mucous membranes D. Weigh the patient daily at the same time with the same scale

D. Weigh the patient daily at the same time with the same scale

The nurse is assessing the pulses of a patient with valvular disease and finds "bounding" arterial pulses. What is this finding most characteristic of? A. Aortic regurgitation B. Aortic stenosis C. Mitral valve prolapse D. Mitral insufficiency

A. Aortic regurgitation

A patient is admitted with a vascular problem. Based on the pathophysiology of systemic arterial pressure, the systemic arterial pressure is a product of what factors? SATA A. Cardiac output B. Norepinephrine C. Preload D. Total peripheral vascular resistance E. Diastolic blood pressure F. Afterload

A. Cardiac output D. Total peripheral vascular resistance

Which are signs and symptoms of rheumatic carditis? SATA A. Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) B. Bradycardia C. New murmur development D. Existing streptococcal infection E. Metabolic acidosis F. Pericardial friction rub

A. Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) C. New murmur development D. Existing streptococcal infection F. Pericardial friction rub

The nurse is reviewing the electrocardiogram (ECG) for a patient with a medical diagnosis of essential hypertension. What is the first ECG sign of heart disease resulting from hypertension? A. Left atrial and ventricular hypertrophy B. Right atrial and ventricular atrophy C. Malfunction of the sinoatrial (SA) node D. Malfunction of the atrioventricular (AV) node

A. Left atrial and ventricular hypertrophy

Which intervention are effective for a patient with a potential for pulmonary edema caused by heart failure? SATA A. Sodium and fluid restriction B. Slow infusion of hypotonic saline C. Administration of potassium D. Administration of loop diuretics E. Position in semi-Fowler's to high-Fowler's position F. Weekly weight monitoring

A. Sodium and fluid restriction D. Administration of loop diuretics E. Position in semi-Fowler's to high-Fowler's position

A patient is diagnosed with new-onset infective endocarditis. Which recent procedure is the patient most likely to report? A. Teeth cleaning B. Urinary bladder catheterization C. Chest radiography D. ECG

A. Teeth cleaning

A 32-year-old patient with diabetes reports sudden onset of headaches, blurred vision, and dyspnea. The patient's blood pressure is normally 120/80 mm Hg but today is 200/130 mm Hg. What condition does the nurse suspect? A. Sustained hypertension B. Malignant hypertension C. Primary hypertension D. Secondary hypertension

B. Malignant hypertension

The nurse is assessing a patient with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? SATA A. Ascites B. S3 heart sounds C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea D. Jugular venous distention E. Oliguria during the day F. Wheezes or crackles

B. S3 heart sounds C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea E. Oliguria during the day F. Wheezes or crackles

What is the definitive treatment for a patient with chronic constrictive pericarditis? A. Antibiotic therapy B. Surgical excision of the pericardium C. Administration of beta blockers and corticosteroids D. Pericardiocentesis

B. Surgical excision of the pericardium

A patient had an aneurysm repair. Which activity does the nurse suggest as an example of appropriate exercise during the recovery period? A. Playing golf B. Washing dishes C. Climbing stairs D. Driving a car

B. Washing dishes

A patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm that is small and asymptomatic. What priority teaching must the nurse complete with this patient? A. "You will need an elective AAA repair as soon as possible" B. "Your aneurysm could rupture at any time, causing you to go into shock" C. "You will have frequent CT scans or ultrasounds to monitor the growth of the aneurysm" D. "The preferred surgical repair for your aneurysm is an open abdominal procedure"

C. "You will have frequent CT scans or ultrasounds to monitor the growth of the aneurysm"

Which priority medical surgical concept applies to a patient with heart failure? A. Gas exchange B. Infection C. Perfusion D. Comfort

C. Perfusion

The nurse is instructing a patient and caregiver on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy at home. Which items does the nurse include in the teaching plan? SATA A. "Eat small amounts of broccoli and spinach" B. "Avoid beta blockers and ACE inhibitors" C. "Inform your dentist of taking warfarin prior to treatment" D. "Eat small amounts of oranges and bananas" E. "Avoid NSAIDs and birth control pills" F. "Be sure to have your INR lab checked as ordered"

A. "Eat small amounts of broccoli and spinach" C. "Inform your dentist of taking warfarin prior to treatment" E. "Avoid NSAIDs and birth control pills" F. "Be sure to have your INR lab checked as ordered"

A patient with peripheral arterial disease asks, "Why should I exercise when walking several blocks seems to make my leg cramp up?" What is the nurse's best response? A. "Exercise may improve blood flow to your leg because small vessels will compensate for blood vessels that are blocked out" B. "This type of therapy is free and you can do it by yourself to improve the muscles in your legs" C. "The cramping will eventually stop if you continue the exercise routine. If you have too much pain, just rest for a while" D. "Exercise is a noninvasive nonsurgical technique that is used to increase arterial flow to the affected limb"

A. "Exercise may improve blood flow to your leg because small vessels will compensate for blood vessels that are blocked out"

The nurse is teaching a patient about the treatment regimen for heart failure. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further instruction? A. "I must weigh myself once a month and watch for fluid retention" B. "If my heart feels like it is racing, I should call the doctor" C. "I'll need to consider my activities for the day and rest as needed" D. "I'll need periods of rest and activity, and I should avoid activity after meals"

A. "I must weigh myself once a month and watch for fluid retention"

A patient with heart failure is anxious to recover quickly. After the patient ambulates with the UAP, the nurse observes that the patient has dyspnea. The nurse asks the patient to rate her exertion on a scale of 1 to 20, and the patient says, "I can keep going. It's only about 15." What is the nurse's best response? A. "Slow down a bit; ideally you should be less than 12" B. "As long as you are less than 18, you can keep going" C. "Stop right now; you should not tax your heart beyond 5" D. "You should go slower; you cannot reach level 0 in one day"

A. "Slow down a bit; ideally you should be less than 12"

The nurse is performing preoperative teaching for a patient who is having an elective endovascular stent graft repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). What key points are included in teaching for this patient? SATA A. "This type of repair has decreased hospital stays" B. "The stents are inserted through the skin into the femoral artery" C. "You will be receiving general anesthesia" D. "In the OR you will receive a large volume of IV fluids" E. "This procedure has resulted in improved mortality for AAA repairs" F. "After the procedure you will be in the surgical ICU for at least 1-2 days"

A. "This type of repair has decreased hospital stays" B. "The stents are inserted through the skin into the femoral artery" E. "This procedure has resulted in improved mortality for AAA repairs"

An African-American male is being seen for a blister on the right toe. What factors increase this patient's risk for developing atherosclerosis? SATA A. 20-year-old history of type 1 diabetes B. Sedentary lifestyle C. Father with history of colon cancer D. 35 lbs overweight E. Grandmother who died after myocardial infarction F. Drinking 2-3 diet sodas per day

A. 20-year-old history of type 1 diabetes B. Sedentary lifestyle D. 35 lbs overweight E. Grandmother who died after myocardial infarction

What is the most common location for an aneurysm? A. Abdominal aorta B. Thoracic aorta C. Femoral arteries D. Popliteal arteries

A. Abdominal aorta

A patient is suspected to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). What does the nurse assess for? A. Abdominal, flank, or back pain B. Chest pain and shortness of breath C. Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing D. Disruption of bowel and bladder patterns

A. Abdominal, flank, or back pain

A patient is admitted with a medical diagnosis of acute arterial occlusion. What documentation does the nurse expect to see in this patient's medical record? A. Acute MI and/or atrial fibrillation within the previous weeks B. History of chronic venous stasis disease treated with debridement and wound care C. History of Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome D. Episodes of blunt trauma that occurred several months ago

A. Acute MI and/or atrial fibrillation within the previous weeks

The cause of dilated cardiomyopathy may include which factors? SATA A. Alcohol abuse B. Sedentary lifestyle C. Infection D. Chemotherapy E. Poor nutrition F. Cigarette smoking

A. Alcohol abuse C. Infection D. Chemotherapy E. Poor nutrition

A patient's cholesterol screening shows a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) value greater than 190 mg/dL. What is the nurse's best interpretation of these results? A. All patients with LDL-C equal to or greater than 190 mg/dL should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia and treated with statin therapy B. Any patient with low LDL-C value should be routinely followed with every 6 month lipid profile values monitoring to see trends in this value C. This patient should be taught to exercise 6-7 days a week to help bring the LDL-C value down over time D. Repeat total cholesterol and LDL-C cholesterol testing during the next routine exam

A. All patients with LDL-C equal to or greater than 190 mg/dL should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia and treated with statin therapy

The home health nurse is making the initial visit to an older adult patient with hypertension. The nurse recommends that the patient obtain which item for home use? A. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device B. Exercise bicycle C. Blood glucose monitor scale D. Food scale

A. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device

Which are complications of endovascular stent grafts when an emergent repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is needed? SATA A. Aneurysm rupture B. Peripheral embolization C. Septic shock D. Misplacement of stent graft E. Aneurysm dissection F. Bleeding

A. Aneurysm rupture B. Peripheral embolization D. Misplacement of stent graft F. Bleeding

A patient receiving digoxin therapy for heart failure. What assessment does the nurse perform before administering the medication? A. Auscultate the apical pulse rate and heart rhythm B. Assess for nausea and abdominal distention C. Auscultate the lungs for crackles D. check for increased urine output

A. Auscultate the apical pulse rate and heart rhythm

A patient has an ejection fraction of less than 30%. The nurse prepares to provide patient education about which potential treatment? A. Automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator B. Heart transplant C. Mechanical implanted pump D. Ventricular reconstructive procedure

A. Automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator

The nurse is teaching a patient who is at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The patient is currently asymptomatic and is living in the community. What interventions does the nurse instruct the patient to do to minimize the risk of VTE? SATA A. Avoid oral contraceptives B. Drink adequate fluids to avoid dehydration C. Exercise the legs during long periods of bedrest or sitting D. Arise early in the morning for ambulation E. Use a venous plexus foot pump F. Avoid potential trauma such as contact sports

A. Avoid oral contraceptives B. Drink adequate fluids to avoid dehydration C. Exercise the legs during long periods of bedrest or sitting F. Avoid potential trauma such as contact sports

The nurse is teaching a patient about taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which foods does the nurse instruct the patient to eat in conjunction with the use of this drug? A. Bananas and oranges B. Milk and cheese C. Cranberries and prunes D. Cabbage and cauliflower

A. Bananas and oranges

The nurse prepares to teach a patient recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI) about combination drug therapy based on "best practices" for controlling hypertension. Which drugs does the nurse include in the teaching plan? SATA A. Beta blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Acetaminophen D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers E. Central alpha-agonists F. NSAIDs

A. Beta blockers B. ACE inhibitors D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

A patient admits difficulty with long term adherence to antihypertensive therapy. Which nursing interventions promote compliance for this patient? SATA A. Carefully review all medication instructions with the patient B. Give the patient a list of resources for finding information on the medication C. Reinforce the fact that damage to organs occurs even if there are no symptoms D. Teach the patient about the continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device E. Assess the patient's resource sto obtain medication F. Advocate for medications that are taken three times a day for better BP control

A. Carefully review all medication instructions with the patient C. Reinforce the fact that damage to organs occurs even if there are no symptoms D. Teach the patient about the continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device E. Assess the patient's resource sto obtain medication

A patient reports tiredness in the arm with exertion, paresthesia, dizziness, and exercise-induced pain in the forearm when the arms are elevated. The nurse suspects subclavian steal. What physical assessment does the nurse perform? A. Check blood pressure in both arms B. Auscultate for a carotid bruit C. Check for orthostatic hypotension D. Observe the arm for redness or edema

A. Check blood pressure in both arms

A patient is in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after surgery for arterial revascularization with graft placement. Which procedure does the nurse use to check the patency of the graft? A. Check the extremity every 15 minutes for the first hour, then hourly, for changes in color, temperature, and pulse intensity B. Check the dorsalis pedis pulse every 15 minutes for the first hour, then hourly C. Ask the patient if there is any pain or loss of sensation anywhere in the extremity, and withhold patient-controlled analgesia D. Gently palpate the site every 15 minutes for the first hour and assess for warmth, redness, and edema

A. Check the extremity every 15 minutes for the first hour, then hourly, for changes in color, temperature, and pulse intensity

A young male is diagnosed with early stage Buerger's disease. What assessment finding does the nurse expect to find in the patient's record? A. Claudication in feet that is worse at night B. Intolerance of warm environments C. Dizziness and lightheadedness D. Pain in the lower back with ambulation

A. Claudication in feet that is worse at night

A patient had an emergency pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade. Which nursing interventions are included in the postprocedural care of this patient? SATA A. Closely monitor for the recurrence of tamponade B. Be prepared to provide adequate fluid volumes to increase cardiac output C. Prepare the patient for emergency sternotomy if tamponade recurs D. Administer diuretics to decrease fluid volumes around the heart E. Send the pericardial effusion specimen to the laboratory for culture F. Keep the patient on bedrest and supine for at least 24 hours

A. Closely monitor for the recurrence of tamponade B. Be prepared to provide adequate fluid volumes to increase cardiac output C. Prepare the patient for emergency sternotomy if tamponade recurs E. Send the pericardial effusion specimen to the laboratory for culture

Which novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) drug currently has an antidote? A. Dabigatran B. Rivaroxaban C. Apixaban D. Idarucizumab

A. Dabigatran

A patient is considering endovascular stent grafts. What is one advantage of this procedure? A. Decreased length of hospital stay B. Less risk for hemorrhage C. Decreased incidence of postprocedural rupture D. Use of local, rather than general, anesthesia

A. Decreased length of hospital stay

The nurse is assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? SATA A. Dependent edema B. Weight loss C. Jugular venous distention D. Hypotension E. Hepatomegaly F. Angina

A. Dependent edema C. Jugular venous distention E. Hepatomegaly

A patient receiving unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy is ordered to discontinue the therapy and begin low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with enoxaparin. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Discontinue UFH at least 30 minutes before the first LMWH injection B. Check the aPTT results after giving the first LMWH injection C. Assess the patient's IV site before starting the LMWH D. Check the PT and INR results before giving the first LMWH injection

A. Discontinue UFH at least 30 minutes before the first LMWH injection

The nurse is assessing the IV site of a patient who has been receiving a normal saline infusion. There is redness and warmth radiating up the arm with pain, soreness, and swelling. What does the nurse do next? A. Discontinue the IV and apply warm, moist soaks B. Slow the infusion rate and reassess within 1 hour C. Discontinue the IV and apply a cold pack D. Contact the healthcare provider for an order for an antidote

A. Discontinue the IV and apply warm, moist soaks

Which intervention renders angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors effective in African Americans? A. Drug is taken with a diuretic, a beta-blocker, or a calcium channel blocker B. Give at a much higher dosage than for other ethnic groups C. Combine with vigorous lifestyle modification D. take around the clock on a very individualized schedule

A. Drug is taken with a diuretic, a beta-blocker, or a calcium channel blocker

A patient is diagnosed with moderate mitral valve stenosis. Which findings is the nurse most likely to encounter during the physical assessment of this patient? SATA A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Orthopnea C. Palpitations D. Asymptomatic E. Neck vein distention F. Early wet productive cough

A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Orthopnea C. Palpitations E. Neck vein distention

The healthcare provider recommends to a patient that diagnostic testing be performed to assess for valvular heart disease. The nurse teaches the patient about which test that is commonly used for this purpose? A. Echocardiography B. Electrocardiography C. Exercise testing D. Thallium scanning

A. Echocardiography

Which test is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure? A. Echocardiography B. Pulmonary artery catheter C. Radionuclide studies D. Multigated angiographic (MUGA) scan

A. Echocardiography

A patient with varicose veins asks the nurse to provide a list of all available treatment options. Which option does the nurse include on the list for the patient? SATA A. Elastic stockings and elevation of the extremities B. Thrombolytic therapy C. Application of radiofrequency (RF) energy D. Endovenous ablation E. Anticoagulant therapy F. Sclerotherapy

A. Elastic stockings and elevation of the extremities C. Application of radiofrequency (RF) energy D. Endovenous ablation F. Sclerotherapy

What information does the nurse include when teaching a patient with chronic venous stasis? SATA A. Elevate the legs when sitting B. Avoid crossing the legs C. Wear antiembolic stockings at night during sleep D. Avoid standing still for any length of time E. Avoid wearing tight girdles, tight pants, and narrow-banded knee-high socks F. Keep legs positioned below the heart at night for better perfusion

A. Elevate the legs when sitting B. Avoid crossing the legs D. Avoid standing still for any length of time E. Avoid wearing tight girdles, tight pants, and narrow-banded knee-high socks

Which are complications that can result from severe peripheral arterial disease? SATA A. Gangrene B. Varicose veins C. Aneurysm D. Amputation E. Ulcer formation F. Valve damage

A. Gangrene D. Amputation E. Ulcer formation

A patient is admitted for pericarditis. How will the patient likely describe his pain? A. Grating substernal pain that is aggravated by inspiration B. Sharp pain that radiates down the left arm C. Dull ache that feels vaguely like indigestion D. Continuous boring pain that is relieved with rest

A. Grating substernal pain that is aggravated by inspiration

The nurse is consulting with the registered dietitian about diet therapy for a patient with chronic venous stasis ulcers. What are the dietary recommendations to help this patient promote wound healing? A. High-protein foods B. Vitamin D and B supplements C. Low-fat foods D. High-calcium foods

A. High-protein foods

For which side effects does the nurse monitor when a patient is prescribed idarucizumab? SATA A. Hypokalemia B. Confusion C. Diarrhea D. Hypernatremia E. Fever F. Pneumonia

A. Hypokalemia B. Confusion E. Fever F. Pneumonia

An older adult patient with heart failure is volume depleted and has a low sodium level. The health care provider has ordered valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). After the initial dose, for what complication does the nurse carefully monitor in this patient? A. Hypotension B. Cough C. Fluid retention D. Chest pain

A. Hypotension

Which patients are at greatest risk for developing infective endocarditis? SATA A. IV drug users B. Patient with a myocardial infarction C. Patient with a prosthetic mitral valve replacement, postoperative D. Patient with mitral stenosis who recently had an abscessed tooth removal E. Older adult patient with urinary tract infection and valve damage F. Patient with cardiac dysrhythmias

A. IV drug users C. Patient with a prosthetic mitral valve replacement, postoperative D. Patient with mitral stenosis who recently had an abscessed tooth removal E. Older adult patient with urinary tract infection and valve damage

For which symptom do most patients seek medical attention when they have peripheral arterial disease? A. Intermittent claudication B. Pain at rest C. Redness in the extremity D. Muscle atrophy

A. Intermittent claudication

A patient is diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis. Which finding warrants immediate notification of the healthcare provider because of the potential for decompensation? A. Irregular heart rhythm signifying atrial fibrillation B. Slow, bounding peripheral pulses associated with bradycardia C. An increase and decrease in pulse rate that follows inspiration and expiration D. An increase in pulse rate and blood pressure after exertion

A. Irregular heart rhythm signifying atrial fibrillation

Which actions does the nurse instruct the patient to avoid after discharge with an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair? SATA A. Lifting heavy objects B. Going up stairs C. Using the bathroom D. Sitting in a chair for meals E. Pushing, pulling, or straining F. Vacuuming the carpets

A. Lifting heavy objects B. Going up stairs E. Pushing, pulling, or straining F. Vacuuming the carpets

The nurse is instructing a patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about ways to promote vasodilation. What information does the nurse include? SATA A. Maintain a warm environment at home B. Wear socks or insulated shoes at all times C. Apply direct heat to the limb by using a heating pad D. Prevent cold exposure of the affected limb E. Limit fluids to prevent increased blood viscosity F. Completely abstain from smoking or chewing tobacco

A. Maintain a warm environment at home B. Wear socks or insulated shoes at all times D. Prevent cold exposure of the affected limb F. Completely abstain from smoking or chewing tobacco

A patient is diagnosed with a 3-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. What is the best nonsurgical intervention to decrease the risk of rupture of an aneurysm and to slow the rate of enlargement? A. Maintenance of normal blood pressure and avoidance of hypertension B. Bedrest until there is a shrinkage of the aneurysm C. Heparin and coumadin therapy to decrease clotting D. Intra Arterial thrombolytic therapy

A. Maintenance of normal blood pressure and avoidance of hypertension

A patient who was admitted for newly diagnosed heart failure is now being discharged. The nurse instructs the patient and family on how to manage heart failure at home. What major self-management categories should the nurse include? SATA A. Medications B. Weight C. Heart transplants D. Activity E. Diet F. What to do when symptoms get worse

A. Medications B. Weight D. Activity E. Diet F. What to do when symptoms get worse

The nurse is assessing a patient at risk for valvular disease and finds pitting edema. This finding is a sign for which type of valvular disease? A. Mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency B. Aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency C. Tricuspid valve prolapse D. Mitral valve prolapse

A. Mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency

A patient is receiving an infusion of nesiritide for treatment of heart failure. What is the priority nursing assessment while administering this medication? A. Monitor for hypotension B. Assess for cardiac dysrhythmias C. Observe for respiratory depression D. Monitor for peripheral vasoconstriction

A. Monitor for hypotension

A patient with heart failure has inadequate tissue perfusion. Which nursing interventions are included in the plan of care for this patient? SATA A. Monitor respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality every 1-4 hours B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4-8 hours C. Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturations at 90% or greater D. Place the patient in a supine position with pillows under each leg E. Assist the patient in performing coughing and deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours F. Encourage the patient to perform all ADLs even when tired

A. Monitor respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality every 1-4 hours B. Auscultate breath sounds every 4-8 hours C. Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturations at 90% or greater E. Assist the patient in performing coughing and deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours

A patient is treated for acute pulmonary edema. Which medications does the nurse prepare to administer to this patient? SATA A. Nitroglycerin SL B. Furosemide sulfate IV C. Morphine sulfate IV D. Metoprolol IV E. Nitroglycerin IV F. Oxygen by nasal cannula at 1 L/minute

A. Nitroglycerin SL B. Furosemide sulfate IV C. Morphine sulfate IV E. Nitroglycerin IV

A patient has returned to the unit after having percutaneous transluminal intervention. What nursing actions are included in the routine postprocedural care of this patient? SATA A. Observe for bleeding at the puncture site B. Observe vital signs frequently C. Perform frequent checks of the distal pulses in both limbs D. Encourage bedrest with the limb straight for about 1 to 2 hours E. Administer antiplatelet therapy as ordered F. Provide supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula

A. Observe for bleeding at the puncture site B. Observe vital signs frequently C. Perform frequent checks of the distal pulses in both limbs E. Administer antiplatelet therapy as ordered

The student nurse is assisting in the care of a patient returning from the PACU after aortofemoral bypass. The nurse intervenes when the student performs which action? A. Offers to obtain a meal tray for the patient B. Demonstrates to the patient how to use the incentive spirometer C. Encourages the patient to deep-breathe every 1-2 hours D. Explains to the patient the purpose of 24-hour bedrest

A. Offers to obtain a meal tray for the patient

The nurse is reviewing the medication schedule for an older adult patient who needs medication for hypertension. The patient lives alone but is able to manage self-care. What frequency of drug therapy does the nurse advocate for this patient? A. Once a day B. Two times a day C. Three times a day D. Four times a day

A. Once a day

Which statements pertaining to percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty are correct? SATA A. One or more arteries are dilated with a balloon catheter to open the vessel B. It is a minor surgical procedure C. Stents may be placed to ensure adequate blood flow D. Placement of stents results in a longer hospital stay E. Some patients are occlusio-free for 3-5 years F. Patients must have occlusions or stenoses that are accessible to the catheter

A. One or more arteries are dilated with a balloon catheter to open the vessel C. Stents may be placed to ensure adequate blood flow E. Some patients are occlusio-free for 3-5 years F. Patients must have occlusions or stenoses that are accessible to the catheter

A patient has venous stasis ulcer that requires a dressing. Which dressing materials are selected for this type of wound? SATA A. Oxygen-permeable polyethylene film B. Oxygen-impermeable hydrocolloid dressing C. Dry gauze dressings D. Artificial skin products E. Unna boot F. Vacuum-assisted wound closure

A. Oxygen-permeable polyethylene film B. Oxygen-impermeable hydrocolloid dressing D. Artificial skin products E. Unna boot

Which patients are at risk for peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? SATA A. Patient with hypertension B. Patient with diabetes mellitus C. Patient who is a cigarette smoker D. Patient with anemia E. Patient who is very thin F. African-American patient

A. Patient with hypertension B. Patient with diabetes mellitus C. Patient who is a cigarette smoker F. African-American patient

Which drugs are used to promote circulation in a patient with chronic peripheral arterial disease? SATA A. Pentoxifylline B. Propranolol hydrochloride C. Aspirin D. Clopidogrel E. Ezetimibe F. CIlostazol

A. Pentoxifylline C. Aspirin D. Clopidogrel F. CIlostazol

The nurse is providing care for a patient with venous insufficiency. Which medical-surgical concepts have priority with this patient? SATA A. Perfusion B. Fluid and electrolyte balance C. Immunity D. Clotting E. Tissue integrity F. Cellular regulation

A. Perfusion D. Clotting

Which are proposed criteria for diagnosis of acute pericarditis? SATA A. Pericardial chest pain B. Chest pain lasts longer than 3 months C. Presence of pericardial friction rub D. New ST elevation on all ECG leads E. Hepatic engorgement F. New or worsening pericardial effusion

A. Pericardial chest pain C. Presence of pericardial friction rub D. New ST elevation on all ECG leads F. New or worsening pericardial effusion

Which statements are accurate about true aneurysms? SATA A. Permanent dilation of an artery B. Enlarged artery to at least 2 times the normal diameter C. Formed when blood accumulates in the wall of the artery D. Are a result of arterial injury or trauma E. Arterial wall is congenitally weakened F. Aneurysms can be described as false aneurysms or true aneurysms

A. Permanent dilation of an artery B. Enlarged artery to at least 2 times the normal diameter E. Arterial wall is congenitally weakened F. Aneurysms can be described as false aneurysms or true aneurysms

The nurse is assessing a patient with distended, protruding veins. In order to assess for varicose veins, what technique does the nurse use? A. Place the patient in a supine position with elevated legs; as the patient sits up, observe the veins filling from the proximal end B. Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position and observe the distention and protruding of the veins C. Ask the patient to stand and observe the leg veins; then ask the patient to sit or lie down and observe the veins D. Ask the patient to walk around the room and observe the veins; then have the patient rest for several minutes and reassess the veins

A. Place the patient in a supine position with elevated legs; as the patient sits up, observe the veins filling from the proximal end

A patient with acute arterial occlusion requires abciximab. What nursing responsibilities are associated with the administration of this medication? A. Platelet counts must be monitored at 3, 6, and 12 hours after the start of the infusion B. For platelet count over 100,000, infusion must be adjusted or discontinued C. Monitor for manifestations of rash, itching, or swelling D. Monitor for edema, pain on passive movement, or poor capillary refill

A. Platelet counts must be monitored at 3, 6, and 12 hours after the start of the infusion

Which descriptions accurately characterize restrictive cardiomyopathy? SATA A. Prognosis is poor B. Symptoms are similar to left- or right-sided heart failure C. Some patients die without any symptoms D. It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy E. It is the rarest cardiomyopathies F. Filling is restricted during diastole

A. Prognosis is poor B. Symptoms are similar to left- or right-sided heart failure E. It is the rarest cardiomyopathies F. Filling is restricted during diastole

The healthcare provider has ordered unfractionated heparin (UFH) for a patient with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Before administering the drug, the nurse ensures that which laboratory tests were obtained for baseline measurements? SATA A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) C. International Normalized Ratio (INR) D. Complete blood count (CBC) with platelet count E. Arterial blood gas F. Urinalysis

A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) C. International Normalized Ratio (INR) D. Complete blood count (CBC) with platelet count F. Urinalysis

The healthcare provider has ordered unfractionated heparin (UFH) for a patient with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Before administering the drug, the nurse ensures that which laboratory tests were obtained for baseline measurements? SATA A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) C. International normalized ratio (INR) D. Completed blood count (CBC) with platelet count E. Arterial blood gas F. Urinalysis

A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) C. International normalized ratio (INR) D. Completed blood count (CBC) with platelet count F. Urinalysis

A 25-year-old woman reports bilateral blanching of both upper extremities that occurs in cold temperatures. She reports numbness and cold sensation, and afterwards the arms become very red. Which condition are these symptoms most consistent with? A. Raynaud's disease B. Buerger's disease C. Subclavian steal D. Thoracic outlet syndrome

A. Raynaud's disease

What is the most common problem for the patient with valvular heart disease? A. Reduced cardiac output B. Difficulty coping C. Shortness of breath D. Altered body image

A. Reduced cardiac output

Atherosclerosis affects which larger arteries? SATA A. Renal B. Femoral C. Coronary D. Brachial cephalic E. Aorta F. Carotid

A. Renal B. Femoral C. Coronary E. Aorta F. Carotid

A patient is a candidate for a xenograft valve. The nurse emphasizes that this type of valve does not require anticoagulant therapy but will require which intervention? A. Replacement in about 7-10 years B. An exercise program to develop collateral circulation C. Daily temperature checks to watch for signs of rejection D. Frequent monitoring for pulmonary edema

A. Replacement in about 7-10 years

A patient who reports having a sore throat 2 weeks ago now reports chest pain. On physical assessment, the nurse hears a new murmur, pericardial friction rub, and tachycardia. THe electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a prolonged P-R interval. What condition does the nurse suspect in this patient? A. Rheumatic carditis B. Heart failure C. Cardiomyopathy D. Aortic stenosis

A. Rheumatic carditis

The nurse is assessing a patient who has received a heart transplant. Which clinical manifestations suggest transplant rejection? SATA A. Shortness of breath B. Depression C. Severe abdominal pain D. New bradycardia E. Hypotension F. Decreased activity tolerance

A. Shortness of breath D. New bradycardia E. Hypotension F. Decreased activity tolerance

A patient is admitted to the hospital with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which drugs are preferred for treatment and prevention of DVT? A. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) B. IV unfractionated heparin C. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOCAs) D. Thrombolytic therapy

A. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs)

When heart failure develops, what is the initial compensatory mechanism of the heart that maintains cardiac output? A. Sympathetic stimulation B. Parasympathetic stimulation C. Renin-angiotensin-activation system (RAAS) D. Myocardial hypertrophy

A. Sympathetic stimulation

The nursing student is assisting in the care of a patient with advanced right-sided heart failure. In addition to bringing a stethoscope, what additional piece of equipment does the student bring in order to assess this patient? A. Tape measure B. Glasgow Coma Scale C. Portable Doppler D. Bladder ultrasound scanner

A. Tape measure

The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test results for a patient suspected of having a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The results show a negative D-dimer test. How does the nurse interpret this data? A. The test can exclude DVT without an ultrasound B. Venous duplex ultrasonography is needed C. The patient has arterial disease D. Impedance plethysmography is needed

A. The test can exclude DVT without an ultrasound

Which signs/symptoms occur with chronic constrictive pericarditis? SATA A. Thick, rigid pericardium B. Stiff heart valves C. Jugular venous distension D. Crackles and wheezes E. Exertional fatigue and dyspnea F. Dependent edema

A. Thick, rigid pericardium C. Jugular venous distension E. Exertional fatigue and dyspnea F. Dependent edema

A patient is prescribed niacin (Niaspan) to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Why are lower doses prescribed to the patient? A. To reduce side effects of flushing and feeling warm B. To prevent muscle myopathies C. To prevent elevation of blood pressure D. To prevent undesirable hypokalemia

A. To reduce side effects of flushing and feeling warm

The nurse is reviewing the radiologist's report of the abdominal x-ray of a patient suspected of having an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The report notes an "eggshell" appearance. How does the nurse interpret this data? A. Validates the presence of a fusiform aneurysm B. Suggest an artifact, so the x-ray should be repeated C. Indicates a congenital anomaly that will obscure the aneurysm D. Indicates the aneurysm is the size of an egg

A. Validates the presence of a fusiform aneurysm

The nurse is interviewing a patient with a history of high blood pressure and heart problems. Which statement by the patient causes the nurse to suspect the patient may have heart failure? A. "I noticed a very fine red rash on my chest" B. "I had to take off my wedding ring last week" C. "I've had fever quite frequently" D. "I have pain in my shoulder when I cough"

B. "I had to take off my wedding ring last week"

The home health nurse is evaluating a patient being treated for heart failure. Which statement by the patient is the best indicator of hope and well-being as a desired psychological outcome? A. "I'm taking the medication and following the doctor's orders" B. "I'm looking forward to dancing with my wife on our wedding anniversary" C. "I'm planning to go on a long trip; I'll never go back to the hospital again" D. "I want to thank you for all that you have done. I know you did your best"

B. "I'm looking forward to dancing with my wife on our wedding anniversary"

Which patient is at greatest risk for developing varicose veins? A. 37-year-old mail carrier B. 39-year-old retail store clerk C. 40-year-old operating room scrub technician D. 25-year-old pregnant woman in the first trimester

B. 39-year-old retail store clerk

A 75-year-old man with a history of atherosclerosis comes to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain. What findings indicate a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm? SATA A. Left-sided chest pain B. Abdominal, flank, or back pain C. Visible pulsation on the upper abdominal wall D. Hoarseness E. Difficulty swallowing F. An abdominal bruit on auscultation

B. Abdominal, flank, or back pain C. Visible pulsation on the upper abdominal wall F. An abdominal bruit on auscultation

A patient comes to the emergency department (ED) extremely anxious, tachycardic, struggling for air, and with a moist cough productive of frothy, blood-tinged sputum. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Apply a pulse oximeter and cardiac monitor B. Administer high-flow oxygen therapy via face mask C. Prepare for continuous positive airway pressure ventilation D. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation

B. Administer high-flow oxygen therapy via face mask

Assessment findings for a patient with acute pericarditis include neck vein distension, clear lungs, muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a greater than 10 mm Hg difference in systolic pressure on inspiration than on expiration. What is the nurse's first response to these assessment findings? A. Continue to monitor the patient; these are normal signs of pericarditis B. Administer oxygen and immediately report the findings to the healthcare provider C. Monitor oxygen saturations and seek order for pain medication to control symptoms D. Check ECG, administer morphine for pain, and administer diuretics

B. Administer oxygen and immediately report the findings to the healthcare provider

A patient was admitted for abdominal aortic aneurysm with a pulsating abdominal mass. The nurse notes a sudden onset of diaphoresis, decreased level of consciousness, a blood pressure of 88/60 mm Hg, and an irregular apical pulse. Oxygen is in place via mask. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Establish IV access B. Alert the rapid response team C. Auscultate for a bruit and assess the mass D. Place the patient on the cardiac monitor

B. Alert the rapid response team

The nurse is reviewing prescriptions for a patient recently diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse questions a prescription for which type of drug? A. Angiotensin II receptor blocker B. Alpha blocker C. Thiazide diuretic D. ACE Inhibitor

B. Alpha blocker

What is the common treatment for rheumatic carditis? A. Pericardiocentesis B. Antibiotics for 10 days C. Pain medication for substernal pain control D. Rest with observation for further necessary treatment

B. Antibiotics for 10 days

A patient with a prosthetic valve replacement must understand that postoperative care will include lifelong therapy with which type of medication? A. Antibiotics B. Anticoagulants C. Immunosuppressants D. Pain medication

B. Anticoagulants

Which type of cardiomyopathy results from replacement of myocardial tissue with fibrous and fatty tissue? A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy

B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A patient gets a new prescription for Pravigard for treatment of high cholesterol. Because of this is a combination drug, the nurse alerts the physician when the patient discloses an allergy to which drug? A. Sulfa B. Aspirin C. Some calcium channel blockers D. Some diuretics

B. Aspirin

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient who was admitted with dyspnea. Which diagnostic test best differentiates between heart failure and lung dysfunction? A. Arterial blood gas B. B-type natriuretic peptide C. Hemoglobin D. Serum electrolytes

B. B-type natriuretic peptide

The nurse is counseling a group of women about cholesterol-lowering drugs. Which drug will decrease blood pressure while decreasing triglycerides (TGs), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)? A. Ezetimibe B. Caduet C. Vytorin D. Advicor

B. Caduet

The nurse hears in report that a patient has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation (insufficiency). Which early symptom is most likely to be first reported by the patient? A. Atypical chest pain B. Chronic weakness C. Anxiety D. Dyspnea

B. Chronic weakness

A patient has had surgery for arterial revascularization with graft placement. The nurse notes swelling and tenseness of the skin tissue, and the patient reports an increasing pain with numbness and tingling, as well as a decrease in the ability to wiggle toes and ankles. What does the nurse suspect is occurring with this patient? A. Graft infection B. Compartment syndrome C. Graft occlusion D. Reaction to thrombolytic therapy

B. Compartment syndrome

The nurse educates and advises a patient to follow the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Which instructions does the nurse give to the patient? SATA A. Consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes intake of lean protein B. Consume low-fat dairy products, poultry, and fish C. Lower sodium intake to no more than 2400 mg per day D. Engage in aerobic physical activity 6-7 times a week E. Limit intake of sweets and red meats F. Eat legumes, nontropical vegetable oils (ex. canola), and nuts

B. Consume low-fat dairy products, poultry, and fish C. Lower sodium intake to no more than 2400 mg per day E. Limit intake of sweets and red meats F. Eat legumes, nontropical vegetable oils (ex. canola), and nuts

The nurse is caring for a patient with a medical diagnosis of inflow peripheral arterial disease. Which symptom does the nurse expect the patient to report? A. Very frequent episodes of rest pain B. Discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, or thighs after walking C. Burning or cramping in the calves, ankles, feet, or toes after walking D. Waking frequently at night to hand the feet off the bed

B. Discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, or thighs after walking

Which are risk factors for hypertension? SATA A. Age greater than 40 years B. Family history of hypertension C. Excessive calorie consumption D. Physical inactivity E. Excessive alcohol intake F. Hypolipidemia

B. Family history of hypertension C. Excessive calorie consumption D. Physical inactivity E. Excessive alcohol intake

A patient has returned to the unit after surgery for arterial revascularization with graft placement. The nurse monitors for graft occlusion, which is most likely to occur within which time frame? A. First 2 hours B. First 24 hours C. Next 2 days D. First week

B. First 24 hours

Which treatment intervention applies to a patient with infective endocarditis? A. Administration of oral penicillin for 6 weeks or more B. Hospitalization for initial IV antibiotics; then home to continue IV therapy C. Complete bedrest for the duration of treatment D. Long-term anticoagulant therapy with heparin followed by oral warfarin

B. Hospitalization for initial IV antibiotics; then home to continue IV therapy

A patient comes to the emergency department (ED) with anterior chest pain described as "tearing" sensation. The patient is diaphoretic, nauseated, faint, and apprehensive, and blood pressure is 200/130 mm Hg. Which medication is most likely to be ordered for this patient? A. Antianginal such as nitroglycerin B. IV beta blocker such as esmolol C. Calcium channel antagonist such as amlodipine D. Beta blocker such as propranolol

B. IV beta blocker such as esmolol

Which factors can increase systemic arterial pressure? SATA A. Decreased cardiac output B. Increased heart rate C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance D. Increased stroke volume E. Decreased blood pressure F. Decreased stroke volume

B. Increased heart rate C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance D. Increased stroke volume

A patient is prescribed bumetanide. What is an important teaching point for the nurse to include about this medication? A. Caution to move slowly when changing positions, especially from lying to sitting B. Information about potassium-rich foods to include in the diet C. Written instructions on how to count the radial pulse rate D. Information about low-sodium diets and reading food labels for sodium content

B. Information about potassium-rich foods to include in the diet

Which is a postoperative nursing intervention for a patient with arterial revascularization? A. Promote graft patency by limiting IV fluid infusion B. Instruct the patient to avoid bending at the hips or knees C. Resume regular diet immediately after surgery D. Avoid coughing and deep-breathing exercises

B. Instruct the patient to avoid bending at the hips or knees

Which statements pertaining to the use of the Unna boot are correct? SATA A. It is used to heal peripheral arterial disease ulcers B. It is applied from the toes to the knee C. It promotes venous return and prevents stasis D. It is changed by a healthcare provider every 3-4 days E. It forms a sterile environment for the ulcer F. The patient is instructed to report any increase in pain

B. It is applied from the toes to the knee C. It promotes venous return and prevents stasis E. It forms a sterile environment for the ulcer F. The patient is instructed to report any increase in pain

The nurse notes that the platelet count for a patient who is to receive unfractionated heparin (UFH) is 100,000. How does the nurse interpret this result? A. It is slightly lowered and worth monitoring for trends B. It is significantly low, so the healthcare provider should be notified C. It is insignificant unless other values such as PT or APTT are abnormal D. It is higher than expected but within normal limits for therapy

B. It is significantly low, so the healthcare provider should be notified

Which characteristics describe mitral valve prolapse? SATA A. Hepatomegaly is a late sign B. Leaflets enlarge and fall back into left atrium during systole C. Most patients are asymptomatic D. Patients have normal heart rate and blood pressure E. Mitral valve prolapse is becoming a disorder of aging populations F. A midsystolic click and late systolic murmur can be heard at the apex of the heart

B. Leaflets enlarge and fall back into left atrium during systole C. Most patients are asymptomatic D. Patients have normal heart rate and blood pressure F. A midsystolic click and late systolic murmur can be heard at the apex of the heart

The nurse is designing a teaching plan for a patient with a 4-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The patient is currently asymptomatic. What is the nurse's goal for nonsurgical management of this patient? A. Teach lifestyle modifications that will minimize the growth of the aneurysm B. Monitor the growth of the aneurysm and follow the antihypertensive medication regimen C. Encourage compliance with anticoagulant drugs and laboratory follow-up appointments D. Stabilize the patient's condition and improve overall health so surgery can be safely performed

B. Monitor the growth of the aneurysm and follow the antihypertensive medication regimen

The nurse is reviewing antihypertensive medication orders for a patient with asthma. The nurse questions the use of which type of medication? A. Cardioselective beta blockers because they reduce cardiac output B. Noncardioselective beta blockers because they may cause bronchoconstriction C. ACE inhibitors because they cause a nagging cough D. Thiazide diuretics because they promote potassium excretion

B. Noncardioselective beta blockers because they may cause bronchoconstriction

The surgical noninvasive intervention of a balloon valvuloplasty is often used for which type of patient? A. Young adults with a genetic valve defect B. Older adults who are nonsurgical candidates C. Adults whose open heart surgery failed D. Older adults who need replacement valves

B. Older adults who are nonsurgical candidates

The patient has infective endocarditis. Which findings does the nurse expect when assessing this patient? SATA A. Pericardial friction rub B. Osler's nodes C. Petechiae D. A new regurgitant murmur E. Grating pain that is aggravated by breathing F. Fever associated with chills and night sweats

B. Osler's nodes C. Petechiae D. A new regurgitant murmur F. Fever associated with chills and night sweats

The nurse is conducting an initial cardiovascular assessment on a middle-aged patient. What techniques does the nurse employ in the assessment? SATA A. Take blood pressure on the dominant arm B. Palpate pulses at all of the major sites C. Palpate for temperature differences in the lower extremities D. Perform bilateral but separate palpation on the carotid arteries E. Auscultate for bruits in the radial and brachial arteries F. Check for orthostatic hypotension

B. Palpate pulses at all of the major sites C. Palpate for temperature differences in the lower extremities D. Perform bilateral but separate palpation on the carotid arteries F. Check for orthostatic hypotension

The nurse is reviewing medical records for several patients with kidney problems and hypertension or the potential for hypertension. Which patient does the nurse expect to be screened for renal artery stenosis? A. Patient with a history of kidney stones B. Patient taking multiple antihypertensive drugs at high doses C. Patient with newly diagnosed hypertension D. Patient with a history of frequent urinary tract infections

B. Patient taking multiple antihypertensive drugs at high doses

The nurse is performing blood pressure screening at a community center. Which patients are referred for evaluation of their blood pressure? SATA A. Diabetic patient with a blood pressure of 118/78 mm Hg B. Patient with heart disease with a blood pressure of 134/90 mm Hg C. Patient with no know health problems who has a blood pressure of 125/86 mm Hg D. Diabetic patient with a blood pressure of 180/80 mm Hg E. Patient with no known health problems who has a blood pressure of 106/70 mm Hg F. Patient with muscle cramping who is prescribed a statin drug

B. Patient with heart disease with a blood pressure of 134/90 mm Hg D. Diabetic patient with a blood pressure of 180/80 mm Hg F. Patient with muscle cramping who is prescribed a statin drug

The nurse is consulting with the physical therapist to design an exercise program for patients with peripheral vascular disease. Which patient is a candidate for an exercise program? A. Patient with severe rest pain B. Patient with intermittent claudication C. Patient with gangrene D. Patient with venous ulcers

B. Patient with intermittent claudication

The nurse is assessing a patient with pericarditis. In order to hear a pericardial friction rub, which stethoscope technique does the nurse use? A. Place the diaphragm at the apex of the heart B. Place the diaphragm at the left lower sternal border C. Place the bell just below the left clavicle D. Place the bell at several points while the patient holds his or her breath

B. Place the diaphragm at the left lower sternal border

A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for pain and burning sensation in the legs. What does the ankle-brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.9 in either leg indicate? A. Normal arterial circulation to the lower extremities B. Presence of peripheral arterial disease C. Severe venous disease of the lower extremities D. Need for immediate surgical intervention

B. Presence of peripheral arterial disease

A patient with a venous stasis ulcer is prescribed the topical agent Accuzyme. What are the purposes of this drug? SATA A. Eliminate infection B. Promote healing C. Chemically debride the ulcer D. Improve circulation E. Eliminate necrotic tissue F. Prevent stasis

B. Promote healing C. Chemically debride the ulcer E. Eliminate necrotic tissue

A patient has received a heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy. Because the patient has a high risk for cardiac tamponade, for which signs/symptoms does the nurse immediately notify the healthcare provider? A. Crackles and wheezes of the lungs B. Pulsus paradoxus and muffled heart sounds C. Hepatomegaly and ascites D. Dependent edema and fluid retention

B. Pulsus paradoxus and muffled heart sounds

A patient with peripheral arterial disease is scheduled to have a percutaneous transluminal intervention. What information does the nurse give the patient about this procedure? A. It is usually used when amputation is inevitable B. Reocclusion may occur afterwards and the procedure may be repeated C. Most patients are occlusion-free afterwards, particularly if stents are placed D. It is painless and there are very few risks or dangers

B. Reocclusion may occur afterwards and the procedure may be repeated

Which characteristics describe mitral valve stenosis? SATA A. Classic signs of dyspnea, angina, and syncope B. Rumbling apical diastolic murmur C. S3 often present due to severe regurgitation D. Right-sided heart failure results in neck vein distention E. The patient may experience palpitations while lying on the left side F. Mild mitral stenosis is usually asymptomatic

B. Rumbling apical diastolic murmur D. Right-sided heart failure results in neck vein distention F. Mild mitral stenosis is usually asymptomatic

The nurse is reviewing the ECG of a patient admitted for acute pericarditis. Which ECG change does the nurse anticipate? A. Normal ECG B. ST-T spiking C. Peaked T waves D. Wide QRS complexes

B. ST-T spiking

The nurse is reviewing a patient's abdominal CT scan and notes that the patient has an outpouching segment coming off of the abdominal aorta. What is the nurse's best interpretation of these results? A. Dissecting aneurysm B. Saccular aneurysm C. Fusiform aneurysm D. False aneurysm

B. Saccular aneurysm

A patient is prescribed diuretics for treatment of heart failure. Because of this therapy, the nurse pays particular attention to which laboratory test level? A. Peak and trough levels of the drugs B. Serum potassium C. Serum sodium D. Prothrombin time (PT)

B. Serum potassium

Which are signs of a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA)? SATA A. Tachycardia B. Shortness of breath C. Hoarseness D. Paralytic ileus E. Difficulty swallowing F. Visible mass above the suprasternal notch

B. Shortness of breath C. Hoarseness E. Difficulty swallowing F. Visible mass above the suprasternal notch

A patient is admitted for a medical diagnosis of detectable abdominal aortic aneurysm. What does the nurse expect to find documented in the patient's description of symptoms? A. Hematuria and painful urination that started very suddenly B. Steady and gnawing abdominal pain unaffected by movement, lasting for days C. No subjective complaints of pain, but episodes of dizziness D. Pain in the lower extremities exacerbated by walking and relieved by rest

B. Steady and gnawing abdominal pain unaffected by movement, lasting for days

The student nurse is giving a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia a morning dose of furosemide. The student says, "This is your blood pressure medicine," but the patient responds, "I don't have high blood pressure." What does the student nurse do next? A. Explain to the patient that his blood pressure is not high because the drug is controlling it B. Stop and recheck the medication administration record and then do additional drug research C. Recheck the blood pressure and then hold the drug if the blood pressure is not elevated D. Contact the charge nurse for advice about how to handle the patient's refusal

B. Stop and recheck the medication administration record and then do additional drug research

The nurse is evaluating the blood pressure of a 73-year-old woman. Based on the current research, which finding is the better indication of heart disease risk for this patient? A. Diastolic of 86 mm Hg B. Systolic of 160 mm Hg C. Blood pressure of 138/68 mm Hg D. Blood pressure of 110/90 mm Hg

B. Systolic of 160 mm Hg

A patient with a ruptured aneurysm may exhibit which symptoms? SATA A. Bradypnea B. Tachycardia C. Increased systolic pressure D. Decreased blood pressure E. Severe pain F. Decreased level of consciousness

B. Tachycardia D. Decreased blood pressure E. Severe pain F. Decreased level of consciousness

The nurse identifies a priority problem of fatigue and weakness for a patient with heart failure. After the patient ambulates 200 feet down the hall, the patient's blood pressure change is decreased by more than 20 mm Hg. How does the nurse interpret this data? A. The patient is building endurance B. The activity is too stressful C. The patient could walk farther D. The activity is appropriate

B. The activity is too stressful

A patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is admitted to the hospital. Which tests does the healthcare provider order to confirm an accurate diagnosis as well as to determine the size and location of the AAA? SATA A. Chest x-ray B. Ultrasound C. Electrocardiogram D. Magnetic resonance imaging E. Computed tomography F. Cardiac catheterization

B. Ultrasound E. Computed tomography

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who had valve surgery. Which home care instructions does the nurse include in the teaching plan? SATA A. Increase consumption of foods high in vitamin K B. Use an electric razor to avoid skin cuts C. Report any bleeding or excessive bruising D. Watch for and report any fever, drainage, or redness at site E. Avoid heavy lifting for 3-6 weeks F. Report dyspnea, syncope, dizziness, edema, and palpitations

B. Use an electric razor to avoid skin cuts C. Report any bleeding or excessive bruising D. Watch for and report any fever, drainage, or redness at site F. Report dyspnea, syncope, dizziness, edema, and palpitations

A patient with aortic valve endocarditis reports fatigue and shortness of breath. Crackles are heard on lung auscultation. What do these assessment findings most likely indicate? A. Emboli to the lung B. Valve incompetence resulting in heart failure C. Valve stenosis resulting in increased chamber size D. Coronary artery disease

B. Valve incompetence resulting in heart failure

The nurse assesses a patient and documents the following findings: "edema 2+ bilateral ankles, brown pigmentation of lower extremities skin, aching pain of lower extremities when standing that is relieved with elevation." What condition does this patient likely have? A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Venous insufficiency C. Peripheral arterial disease D. Raynaud's syndrome

B. Venous insufficiency

The nurse is assessing an obese patient's lower leg and notes a small irregularly shaped ulcer over the medial malleolus with brownish discoloration. The patient reports that the "leg has been that way for a long time." What do these findings suggest to the nurse? A. Varicose vein B. Venous stasis ulcer C. Phlebitis D. Raynaud's phenomenon

B. Venous stasis ulcer

Which type of exercise should the nurse teach a patient with varicose veins is best for improving venous return? A. Jogging B. Walking C. Strength training D. Horseback riding

B. Walking

When is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced and released for a patient with heart failure? A. When a patient has an enlarged liver B. When a patient has fluid overload C. When a patient's ejection fraction is lower than normal D. When a patient has ventricular hypertrophy

B. When a patient has fluid overload

The nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects and potential problems associated with taking warfarin sodium. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the nurse's instruction? A. "If I notice bleeding of the gums, I should skip one or two doses of the medication" B. "I should eat a lot of cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli to prevent bleeding" C. "For injury and bleeding, I should apply direct pressure and seek medical assistance" D. "I should avoid going to the dentist while I am taking this medication"

C. "For injury and bleeding, I should apply direct pressure and seek medical assistance"

The nurse is taking a history on a patient with recently diagnosed heart failure. The patient admits to "sometimes have trouble catching my breath" but is unable to provide more specific details. What question does the nurse ask to gather more data about the patient's symptoms? A. "Do you have any medical problems, such as high blood pressure?" B. "What did your doctor tell you about your diagnosis?" C. "What was your most strenuous activity in the past week?" D. "How do you feel about being told that you have heart failure?"

C. "What was your most strenuous activity in the past week?"

What is the recommended therapeutic range for the International Normalized Ratio (INR) for a patient receiving warfarin sodium? A. 0.5-1.0 B. 1.0-1.5 C. 1.5-2.0 D. 2.0-2.5

C. 1.5-2.0

The nurse is assessing the lower extremity of a patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). What pulse(s) does the nurse palpate? A. Posterior tibial pulses of the affected leg B. Pedal pulse in both feet C. All pulses in both legs D. Strength of the pulses in the affected leg

C. All pulses in both legs

A patient with a history of valvular heart disease requires an invasive dental procedure. The nurse notifies the healthcare provider to obtain a patient prescription for which type of medication? A. Anticoagulants B. Antihypertensives C. Antibiotics D. Antianginals

C. Antibiotics

A patient is scheduled for valve surgery. Which medication does the nurse instruct the patient to discontinue at least 72 hours before the procedure? A. Antihypertensives B. Diuretics C. Anticoagulants D. Antibiotics

C. Anticoagulants

The medication order for unfractionated heparin (UFH) is for 80 units/kg of body weight. How does the nurse interpret this order? A. Appropriate dose for the continuous IV infusion B. Higher than expected dose for the initial IV bolus C. Appropriate dose for the initial IV bolus D. Appropriate dose for maintenance therapy

C. Appropriate dose for the initial IV bolus

A patient who had a thoracic aortic aneurysm repair has been progressing well for several days after the surgery but today tells the nurse, "My toes and lower legs feel a little numb and tingly." What is the nurse's best first action? A. Encourage the patient to do active range-of-motion exercises in bed B. Help the patient get up, dangle the legs, and then ambulate C. Assess the extremities for sensation, movement, or pulse changes D. Instruct the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to assist the patient in elevating the legs

C. Assess the extremities for sensation, movement, or pulse changes

What is the most common cause of an aneurysm? A. Emboli B. Trauma C. Atherosclerosis D. Thrombus formation

C. Atherosclerosis

The nurse is teaching a patient with peripheral arterial disease about positioning and position changes. What suggestion does the nurse give to the patient? A. Sit upright in a chair if legs are not swollen B. Sleep with legs above the heart level if legs are swollen C. Avoid crossing the legs at all times D. Change positions slowly when getting out of bed

C. Avoid crossing the legs at all times

A patient who is an avid golfer is diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome. What does the nurse advice the patient that is specific to this syndrome? A. Rest if shortness of breath occurs B. Avoid walking long distances C. Avoid elevating the arms above the head D. Perform deep-breathing exercises

C. Avoid elevating the arms above the head

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a valvuloplasty. The nurse monitors for which common complication in the postprocedural period? A. Myocardial infarction B. Angina C. Bleeding and emboli D. Infection

C. Bleeding and emboli

A patient is admitted for possible infective endocarditis. Which test does the nurse anticipate will be performed to confirm a positive diagnosis? A. CT scan B. MRI C. Blood calcium D. Echocardiogram

C. Blood calcium

The patient has excess fluid in the pericardial cavity seen on echocardiogram. For which complication is the patient at increased risk? A. Pericardial friction rub B. Pulsus paradoxus C. Cardiac tamponade D. Systemic emboli

C. Cardiac tamponade

Which is a characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy? A. Results from replacement of myocardial tissue with fibrous tissue B. Causes stiff ventricles that restrict filling during diastole C. Causes symptoms of left ventricular failure D. Causes right ventricular failure early in the disease

C. Causes symptoms of left ventricular failure

The night shift nurse is listening to report and hears that a patient has paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. What does the nurse plan to do next? A. Instruct the patient to sleep in a side-lying position and then check on the patient every 2 hours to help with switching sides B. Make the patient comfortable in a bedside recliner with several pillows to keep the patient more upright throughout the night C. Check on the patient several hours after bedtime and assist the patient to sit upright and dangle the feet when dyspnea occurs D. Check the patient frequently because the patient has insomnia due to fear of suffocation

C. Check on the patient several hours after bedtime and assist the patient to sit upright and dangle the feet when dyspnea occurs

The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about signs and symptoms that suggest a return or worsening of heart failure. What does the nurse include in the teaching? SATA A. Rapid weight loss of 3 lbs in a week B. Increase in exercise tolerance lasting 2-3 days C. Cold symptoms (cough) lasting more than 3-5 days D. Excessive awakening at night to urinate E. Development of dyspnea or angina at rest or worsening angina F. Increased swelling in the feet, ankles, or hands

C. Cold symptoms (cough) lasting more than 3-5 days D. Excessive awakening at night to urinate E. Development of dyspnea or angina at rest or worsening angina F. Increased swelling in the feet, ankles, or hands

Which intervention is used for conservative treatment of varicose veins? A. Dry heat B. Ice packs C. Elevation D. Massage

C. Elevation

The nurse observes diminished pulses, cold skin, and a pulsatile mass over the femoral artery in a patient reporting pain in the right leg. What condition does the nurse suspect in this patient? A. Venous thromboembolism B. Buerger's disease C. Femoral aneurysm D. Popliteal entrapment

C. Femoral aneurysm

The nurse notes a change in pulses, a cool extremity below the graft, bluish discoloration to the flanks, and abdominal distention in a patient who has had an endoscopic stent graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. These symptoms are consistent with which postoperative complication? A. Ischemic colitis B. Spinal cord ischemia C. Graft occlusion D. Thoracic outlet syndrome

C. Graft occlusion

A patient is admitted through the emergency department (ED) for emergency surgery of a ruptured aneurysm. Why does the nurse monitor the patient for renal failure? A. A urinary catheter was inserted under potentially nonsterile conditions B. Aggressive fluid management in the ED could overload the kidneys C. Hypovolemia associated with rupture can result in decreased urinary output D. Medications used in the emergency procedure are nephrotoxic

C. Hypovolemia associated with rupture can result in decreased urinary output

An older adult patient is taking digoxin for treatment of heart failure. What is the priority nursing action for this patient related to the medication therapy? A. Give the mediation in conjunction with an antacid B. Keep the patient on the cardiac monitor and observe for ventricular dysrhythmias C. Monitor for early signs of toxicity such as bradycardia on the ECG tracing D. Advise the patient that there is increased mortality related to toxicity

C. Monitor for early signs of toxicity such as bradycardia on the ECG tracing

Which medication is a patient with Raynaud's disease most likely to be prescribed? A. Lovastatin B. Coumadin C. Nifedipine D. Captopril

C. Nifedipine

A patient reports dizziness when changing positions from sitting to standing and a sudden dry cough after starting a prescription for captopril. Which nursing intervention is most useful for this patient? A. Instruct the patient to change positions slowly and take an over-the-counter cough syrup B. Tell the patient to take the medication at bedtime and use over-the-counter throat lozenges C. Notify the healthcare provider because the medication should be discontinued D. Teach the patient to increase her fluid intake

C. Notify the healthcare provider because the medication should be discontinued

Which are characteristics of Raynaud's disease? SATA A. Occurs in smokers, often in young men B. Claudication in feet and lower extremities is present C. Occurs mostly in young women D. Is episodic, causing white, then blue fingers E. Cold intolerance is present F. Occurs only in the upper extremities

C. Occurs mostly in young women D. Is episodic, causing white, then blue fingers E. Cold intolerance is present

The patient has a pulsating mass that is visible over the femoral artery. What action must the nurse avoid? A. Auscultation of the mass B. Turning the patient on his or her side C. Palpating the pulsatile mass D. Assessing distal pulses

C. Palpating the pulsatile mass

Which patient meets the criteria for selection as a candidate for heart transplant surgery? A. Patient with life expectancy of 3-5 years B. Patient who is over 75 years of age C. Patient who is New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III D. Patient who drinks 5-6 beers every day

C. Patient who is New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III

Which patient has the greatest risk for a pulmonary embolus related to a venous disorder? A. Patient with bilateral varicose veins B. Patient with phlebitis of superficial veins C. Patient with thrombophlebitis in a deep vein of the lower extremity D. Patient with venous insufficiency throughout the leg

C. Patient with thrombophlebitis in a deep vein of the lower extremity

The nurse assesses a patient and notes red, flat, pinpoint spots on the mucous membranes. Which finding has the nurse assessed? A. Pericardial friction rub B. Splinter hemorrhages C. Petechiae D. Systemic emboli

C. Petechiae

The patients with which conditions are candidates for an inferior vena cava filter placement? SATA A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C. Recurrent deep vein thrombosis D. No response to medical treatment E. Intolerance to anticoagulant drug therapy F. Recurrent pulmonary emboli

C. Recurrent deep vein thrombosis D. No response to medical treatment E. Intolerance to anticoagulant drug therapy F. Recurrent pulmonary emboli

A patient with heart failure has excessive aldosterone secretion and is experiencing thirst and continuously asking for water. What instruction does the nurse give the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? A. Severely restrict fluid to 500 mL plus output from the previous 24 hours B. Give the patient as much water as desired to prevent dehydration C. Restrict fluid to 2 L daily, with accurate intake and output D. Frequently offer the patient ice chips and moistened toothettes

C. Restrict fluid to 2 L daily, with accurate intake and output

Which laboratory test does the nurse monitor for potential cardiac problems and digoxin toxicity? A. Complete blood count B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) C. Serum potassium D. International Normalized Ratio (INR)

C. Serum potassium

The nurse is assessing a patient at risk for peripheral vascular disease. Which assessment finding indicates arterial ulcers rather than diabetic or venous ulcers? A. Ulcer located over the pressure points of the feet B. Ulcer located on plantar surface of the foot C. Severe pain or discomfort occurring at the ulcer site D. Associated ankle discoloration and edema

C. Severe pain or discomfort occurring at the ulcer site

A patient is admitted for pericarditis. In order to assist the patient to feel more comfortable, what does the nurse instruct the patient to do? A. Sit in a semi-Fowler's position with pillows under the arms B. Lie on the side in a fetal position C. Sit up and lean forward D. Lie down and bend the legs at the knees

C. Sit up and lean forward

A patient prescribed warfarin sodium is instructed that certain foods decrease the effect of the drug. Which foods, if eaten, must be consumed in consistent and small amounts each day? A. Fresh fruits B. Chicken and beef C. Spinach and asparagus D. Milk and cheese

C. Spinach and asparagus

The nurse is assessing a patient with a suspected ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm. Which assessment finding is most likely to be present? A. Loss of pulses distal to the aneurysm B. Decreased level of consciousness C. Sudden and excruciating back of chest pain D. Disruption of bowel and bladder patterns

C. Sudden and excruciating back of chest pain

The patient is admitted with aortic stenosis. Diagnostic testing reveals that the surface area of the valve is less than 1 cm. Which urgent intervention is required at this time? A. Therapy with drugs that increase myocardial contractility B. Physical therapy consult to create an individualized exercise program C. Surgical heart valve replacement D. Aortic valvuloplasty in the cardiac catheterization lab

C. Surgical heart valve replacement

A patient's bilateral radial pulses are occasionally weak and irregular. Which assessment technique does the nurse use first to investigate this finding? A. Check the color and capillary refill in the upper extremities B. Check the peripheral pulses in the lower extremities C. Take the apical pulse for 1 minute, noting any irregularity in heart rhythm D. Check the cardiac monitor for irregularities in rhythm

C. Take the apical pulse for 1 minute, noting any irregularity in heart rhythm

Why does the nurse document the precise location of crackles auscultated in the lungs of a patient with heart failure? A. Crackles will eventually change to wheezes as the pulmonary edema worsens B. The level of the fluid spreads laterally as the pulmonary edema worsens C. The level of fluid ascends as the pulmonary edema worsens" D. Crackles will eventually diminish as the pulmonary edema worsens"

C. The level of fluid ascends as the pulmonary edema worsens"

Which definition best describes left-sided heart failure? A. Increased volume and pressure develop and result in peripheral edema B. It can occur when cardiac output remains normal or above normal C. There is decreased tissue perfusion from poor cardiac output and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels D. It is the percentage of blood ejected from the heart during systole

C. There is decreased tissue perfusion from poor cardiac output and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels

A middle-aged patient with no health insurance has tried lifestyle modification to control uncomplicated hypertension but continues to struggle. What is considered a first drug of choice for this patient? A. Calcium channel blocker B. Alpha blocker C. Thiazide-type diuretic D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

C. Thiazide-type diuretic

What is the expected outcome for a patient with the collaborative problem of preventing and managing pulmonary edema? A. No dysrhythmias B. Clear lung sounds C. Less fatigue D. No disorientation

B. Clear lung sounds

In what way does arterial embolization to the brain manifest itself in a patient with infective endocarditis? A. Dysarthria B. Dysphagia C. Atelectasis D. Electrolyte imbalance

B. Dysphagia

Long-term anticoagulant therapy for a patient with valvular heart disease and chronic atrial fibrillation includes which drug? A. Heparin sodium B. Warfarin sodium C. Diltiazem D. Enoxaparin

B. Warfarin sodium