Quiz Answers

(Q006) Sociology emerged in the nineteenth century, with the idea of a secular morality from what thinker?

Auguste Comte

(Q004) Which sociologist of the twentieth century introduced the concept of the sociological imagination?

C. Wright Mills

(Q007) Which scenario involves the use of peer pressure? a. A college sophomore is afraid to report a sexual assault because she believes her sorority sisters will ostracize her. b. Three friends encourage a fourth friend to follow her dream to try out for the school play, even though none of them are involved in theater. c. A teacher and a guidance counselor stage an intervention with a student who they think has a drug problem. d. Two children steal another child's soccer ball on the playground because he won't share it.

Correct Answer a. A college sophomore is afraid to report a sexual assault because she believes her sorority sisters will ostracize her.

(Q005) In her interview with Dalton Conley, Annette Lareau discusses the work found in her book, Unequal Childhoods, and gives numerous examples of the ways in which different parenting strategies play out in the home, and the results of those different strategies. Socioeconomic class differences (middle-class, working-class, and poor) figure prominently into the results, and she notes that the success of the child often hinges upon the knowledge and acceptance that what matters is a. the intrinsic logic of the parents' strategy. b. that parents must ensure that their child understands plagiarism. c. that children enter institutions, and institutions have rules. d. that parents must manage their child's experience with all institutions.

Correct Answer c. that children enter institutions, and institutions have rules.

(Q019) The process of choosing a urinal in a men's restroom may seem simple, but there is an underlying, implicit protocol that has actually been studied. One researcher found that the unspoken rule was to always ensure a "buffer zone" of at least one "open" urinal between yourself and another person. Being an intrepid sociologist, you have decided to see what happens when this norm is breached. In doing so, you are practicing a. ethnomethodology. b. dramaturgical theory. c. role conflict. d. symbolic interactionism.

Correct Answer a. ethnomethodology.

(Q012) In her interview with Dalton Conley, C. J. Pascoe talks about the ways in which boys in high school police the boundaries of masculinity, specifically by using the term "fag." What is at stake is not sexual orientation, but gender norms regarding what is perceived as "masculine." In 2010, Billy Lucas, a 15-year-old high-school student, hanged himself after repeatedly being called a "fag" by his peers for "looking different." Lucas's peers were enforcing norms based on a. gender-role socialization. b. resocialization. c. destruction of the generalized other. d. dramaturgical performance.

Correct Answer a. gender-role socialization.

(Q014) Despite being a business executive and competitive athlete, Jorge is often treated as helpless by people he encounters in his daily life because he is paraplegic and uses a wheelchair. Jorge's disability is a(n) a. master status. b. status set. c. role strain. d. achieved status.

Correct Answer a. master status.

(Q011) As a mother, Linda sometimes feels torn. Most of the time she focuses on being loving and supportive, but sometimes she needs to be firm to discipline her children. These opposing expectations are an example of a. role strain. b. role conflict. c. adult socialization. d. ascribed status.

Correct Answer a. role strain.

(Q016) A classmate has been talking for weeks about trying out for the school dance team. The day after the tryouts, you ask her how it went, and she answers that she couldn't go because she was sick. (In reality, however, she did try out but wasn't selected.) The way your classmate reported the situation to you is an example of what? a. saving face b. role strain c. a breach of common roles d. the process of social construction

Correct Answer a. saving face

(Q004) Talib was starving as he got on the crowded bus with a greasy cheeseburger he had just purchased. As tempting as it was to eat his messy meal right then and there, he worried what the other passengers might think of him if he did so, and decided to wait until he got home. As illustrated here, Talib is fully socialized because he has developed a concept of a. the generalized other. b. master status. c. role conflict. d. social interaction.

Correct Answer a. the generalized other.

(Q002) The case of a young girl named Genie is the most carefully documented and well-studied instance of what happens to a child who does not experience adequate contact with other people during infancy and childhood. Genie was locked in a room alone for nearly 13 years and never developed language skills the way most children do. Obviously, this is a story in part of severe parental neglect, but it also provides insight into whether such abilities as language are innate. Fundamentally, this case about a feral child is about whether a. the physical or the social environment has a larger impact on culture. b. biology or socialization shapes human behavior. c. parents or peer groups influence children's behavior. d. physical or cognitive traits influence socialization.

Correct Answer b. biology or socialization shapes human behavior.

(Q015) A friend of yours has invited you to a big social event. Knowing you might meet people who could offer you a job after graduation, you polish your shoes, buy a new outfit, and practice introducing yourself and explaining the insights you've gained during college, all in the hopes of making a strong professional impression. In sociological terms, you're preparing to present yourself as a young professional, in accordance with a. saving face. b. dramaturgical theory. c. role theory. d. symbolic interactionism.

Correct Answer b. dramaturgical theory.

(Q003) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of development, children first start to learn to recognize an "other" through a. formal games. b. imitation. c. playing informally with other children. d. first recognizing their own identities.

Correct Answer b. imitation.

(Q018) What is an example of a given-off gesture? a. nodding to indicate agreement during a job interview b. inadvertently glancing at the clock during a boring lecture c. talking to a colleague over coffee d. winking at a friend

Correct Answer b. inadvertently glancing at the clock during a boring lecture

(Q022) Roberto works as regional sales manager, a job that requires him to travel frequently for long periods of time. He often dreams of quitting his job so that he can spend more time with his daughters and be a better father. Roberto is experiencing a. role strain. b. role conflict. c. civil inattention. d. resocialization.

Correct Answer b. role conflict.

(Q020) If you were to tell someone that you were conducting breaching experiments, you would be telling them that you were intentionally a. trying to convey a good impression and seeing what happens. b. violating social norms to see what happens. c. challenging total institutions to see what happens. d. resocializing others in order to see what happens.

Correct Answer b. violating social norms to see what happens.

(Q008) Resocialization would be most likely to occur in which situation? a. A mother decides not to return to work after giving birth to her first child. b. A child gets a new teacher halfway through the school year. c. An American woman who takes a full-time job in Saudi Arabia after graduating from college ends up marrying a local man. d. An electrician who has never left the United States takes a two-week vacation to Kenya.

Correct Answer c. An American woman who takes a full-time job in Saudi Arabia after graduating from college ends up marrying a local man.

(Q021) A group of people is waiting to be helped at a customer service desk in a store. A woman in the waiting area suddenly clears her throat and spits on the floor. Everyone else in the room is taken aback and gives her horrified looks. How can this reaction be explained in sociological terms? a. There is probably a sign on the wall that says "No Spitting," and the others in the room cannot believe that the woman has breached this overt rule. b. The status of the others in the room is threatened by the actions of the woman who spit on the floor. c. The woman who spit on the floor is not conforming to social norms that are shared by the other people in the room. d. The others in the room have been socialized to think that it's okay for a man to spit on the floor but not a woman.

Correct Answer c. The woman who spit on the floor is not conforming to social norms that are shared by the other people in the room.

(Q009) What is an example of a total institution? a. a book club b. a workplace c. a convent d. a political party

Correct Answer c. a convent

(Q017) While you're riding a crowded city bus, a woman sits on the seat next to you. Rather than strike up a conversation, she briefly rifles through her purse, then puts in earbuds, turns on some music, and stares past you out the bus window. The woman is exercising a. symbolic interaction. b. social awkwardness. c. civil inattention. d. saving face.

Correct Answer c. civil inattention.

(Q013) In traditional societies, the village in which a person grew up shaped their identity and how others treated them. This is an example of a. an achieved status. b. a role. c. a status set. d. an ascribed status.

Correct Answer d. an ascribed status.

(Q006) Kalani has busy summers planned for her daughters. They take music lessons, play on soccer and basketball teams, and attend summer school classes. This summer schedule is an example of a. natural growth. b. resocialization. c. role strain. d. concerted cultivation.

Correct Answer d. concerted cultivation.

(Q010) The decision to marry is a major life step. Contemporary Americans do so with certain cultural expectations: that our partner will love and care for us, will share the duties of managing a household (nowadays, fairly equally and regardless of gender), and will support us in our lives when problems arise at work or with other family members. These expectations of a spouse are an example of a. status. b. gender division. c. sexism. d. roles.

Correct Answer d. roles.

(Q001) At a friend's housewarming, you meet a young engaged couple from India. They tell you that their relationship was arranged when they both very young (she was 12, he was 14). They seem happy with this arrangement, but you're taken aback. The couple's comfort with the arrangement, as well as your initial discomfort, are examples of a. symbolic interactionism. b. operationalization. c. social interaction. d. socialization.

Correct Answer d. socialization.

(Q006) What is an example of using cultural relativism to think about cultural differences? a. You read about an indigenous group in South America that still hunts with bows and arrows, and your reaction is that they should use better technology. b. You see a news story about a country where people often eat spicy seafood dishes in the morning, and you reason that their long coastline and hot climate provide easy access to both seafood and hot peppers. c. You are greatly offended when a classmate from Bangladesh describes her sister's arranged marriage, and you respond that you would never let your parents choose your spouse. d. You love sushi and see the availability of Japanese cuisine in the United States as a positive thing.

Correct Answer: You see a news story about a country where people often eat spicy seafood dishes in the morning, and you reason that their long coastline and hot climate provide easy access to both seafood and hot peppers.

(Q011) Think about your own experience of going to school. More than simply "what you learned in school today," much of our lives in the United States are shaped by that entire experience: what we choose to wear, with whom we make friends, whom we avoid, and how we respond to authority figures, whether teachers or preachers or police. Overall, our experience of school is a. a major part of socialization. b. an institutional program to foster moral development. c. significant exposure to a specific subculture. d. training in cultural relativism.

Correct Answer: a major part of socialization.

(Q004) Suppose you are part of a research team stationed in Uganda to do sociological surveys. You are there with your same-sex spouse of eight years. In Uganda, homosexuality was criminalized in 2009 and is currently punishable by life imprisonment. Attitudes in the country are not favorable toward homosexuality, but you have not experienced difficulties in daily life. As you begin the write-up of your research, you are especially aware of the scholarly need to a. ensure that the Ugandan government approves of all your data. b. disseminate your data to all of your colleagues for preliminary review. c. avoid being outed (detected) as a same-sex couple. d. avoid letting your own beliefs about same-sex relationships enter your writing.

Correct Answer: avoid letting your own beliefs about same-sex relationships enter your writing.

(Q007) Your friend Jerome tells you that he believes culture is an innate biological aspect of human societies. Having already taken an introductory sociology class, you disagree, arguing that modes of behavior and understanding are not universal or natural. You give the example of the disagreement between indigenous Americans and colonial Europeans about whether land was something that could be owned. You are trying to illustrate the idea of a. cultural scripts. b. cultural lag. c. reflection theory. d. culture shock.

Correct Answer: cultural scripts.

(Q015) North Korea has been ruled for more than 50 years by a single powerful family. The citizenry, as best as can be determined, is highly regimented in daily life, without access to outside information, and suffering frequent famine. Sociologically speaking, the leadership of North Korea is a. dominating. b. fascist. c. hegemonic. d. insane.

Correct Answer: dominating.

(Q016) Facebook surpassed 1 billion monthly active users in 2012, and that number has continued to climb. Facebook wasn't the first social media site, of course; it had to compete with earlier sites, such as Friendster and MySpace. Today, though, Facebook is many people's default way of staying in touch with family, friends, and colleagues through messages, posts, likes, and event invitations. Widespread reliance on the site is a good example of a. socialization. b. domination. c. soft power. d. hegemony.

Correct Answer: hegemony.

(Q003) Climate change has evoked a politically polarized debate in the United States. For many, the cause and effect relationship between human activity and climate change seems obvious based on the science available. For others, such a claim seems ludicrous. Although it may seem that climate change is a matter of science, underlying the disagreement are attachments to opposing a. religious belief sets. b. ideologies. c. stereotypes. d. ethnocentrisms.

Correct Answer: ideologies.

(Q010) Some businesses in the United States, especially food-service establishments, will post signs that read, "No shirt, no shoes, no service." These signs a. establish a shared value. b. reinforce a cultural norm. c. enforce a subculture. d. manifest material culture.

Correct Answer: reinforce a cultural norm.

(Q012) As a budding sociologist, you decide to study American politics by attending presidential caucuses. You identify as a liberal independent, but you are interested in the process from different perspectives. Your first stop is at a caucus for Republican candidates. Everyone in the audience is passionate about their beliefs, and you find yourself swept up in the process, reacting against ideas that you see as extreme. In developing the paper discussing your study results, what is one of the challenges you in particular must overcome to produce an unbiased study? a. determining the actual party affiliation of the people you interview b. making sure you attend an equal number of caucuses across the political spectrum c. remembering that everyone, including you, is inculcated into systems of beliefs that influence thinking and perceptions d. ensuring the names and identifying information of the people you interview is kept completely confidential

Correct Answer: remembering that everyone, including you, is inculcated into systems of beliefs that influence thinking and perceptions

(Q014) When fears of contagious diseases such as avian flu and Ebola arise, public health officials encourage people to replace greetings involving close contact (handshakes, hugs) with an elbow bump. This change in greetings represents a shift in a. personal values. b. social norms. c. media messages. d. societal subcultures.

Correct Answer: social norms.

(Q002) What is an example of nonmaterial culture? a. a photography exhibit at a modern art museum b. a fashion blog c. a hedge maze at a botanical garden d. the rules for using the weight room at the gym

Correct Answer: the rules for using the weight room at the gym

(Q009) Sociologist Allison Pugh researched consumer culture and socioeconomic class differences through parental purchases for children. In their relationship with their children, low-income parents tended to strive for symbolic indulgence, whereas high-income parents tended toward symbolic deprivation. Both of these approaches are an attempt to ensure that kids "fit in" at school, indicating that parents of all classes shy away from difference. These actions reflect a. symbolic representation. b. material culture. c. ethnocentrism. d. values.

Correct Answer: values.

(Q023) While today the phrase "mass media" might bring to mind a cable TV network or a print publication with hundreds of thousands of subscribers, the earliest mass media were a. movies. b. town criers. c. books. d. radio shows.

Correct Answer: books.

(Q001) Material culture includes a. values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms. b. literature and historical texts. c. anything from the natural environment. d. buildings, artworks, and technological devices.

Correct Answer: buildings, artworks, and technological devices.

(Q024) When children who speak languages other than English at home attend public schools in the United States, they not only are expected to learn and use academic English, they also are exposed to and expected to act in accordance with rules such as waiting in line to go through the lunch line and sitting in the cafeteria to eat lunch. When these children go home, they speak with their family in their shared language and follow different practices regarding shared meals. Moving between these different settings, these children grow adept at a. code switching. b. culture jamming. c. media effects. d. ethnocentrism.

Correct Answer: code switching.

(Q020) In the United States, media ownership is a. spread among a large number of public and private companies. b. consolidated in the hands of a few big companies. c. controlled by the state. d. in constant flux.

Correct Answer: consolidated in the hands of a few big companies.

(Q021) In the "Sociological Conversations" video, Allison Pugh discusses how parents in very different socioeconomic strata decide whether or not to purchase the current popular toy for their children. She introduces us to the ideas of symbolic indulgence and deprivation. Families choosing which toys to purchase for children are participating in a. culture jamming. b. textual analysis. c. consumer culture. d. cultural production.

Correct Answer: consumer culture.

(Q025) Robert Cornelius took a self-portrait on a daguerreotype in 1839, which is believed to be the first American portrait, but it wasn't until the 2000s that "selfie" became a word. It was the Oxford English Dictionary's word of the year in 2013. The gap between the first instance of self-portraiture by camera and the proliferation of the term "selfie" more than a century later is an (extreme) example of a. socialization. b. cultural lag. c. ethnocentrism. d. hegemony.

Correct Answer: cultural lag.

(Q005) Every year, as many as 20,000 devotees of Harley Davidson motorcycles convene in Sturgis, South Dakota. Their numbers frequently overwhelm nearby towns and cities, including the Mt. Rushmore National Monument. For some tourists visiting the monument at that time, the cultural collision with tattooed and long-haired bikers might be jarring. For the tourist who thinks like a sociologist, such an encounter is an opportunity to observe a different group of people by applying a. cultural scripts. b. different values to one's own life. c. cultural relativism. d. reflection theory.

Correct Answer: cultural relativism.

(Q022) Josie comes up with an idea to create and distribute satirical advertisements that expose the hypocrisy of a large tech company that promotes itself as a force for good in the world while exploiting factory workers in poor countries. This would be an example of a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural scripts. c. culture jamming. d. textual analysis.

Correct Answer: culture jamming.

(Q013) Certain ideals about women's appearance are highly valued in the United States, such as thinness, muscular definition, and blemish-free skin. Reflection theory suggests that this obsession in our culture with the "perfect female body" emerges from our social structures and shapes the kinds of relationships we seek and value: we want to be around people who meet this standard of perfection. That is, the culture of women's bodies is a result of our own proclivities, and not a result of how women are depicted in the media. The primary difficulty with this idea is that it a. ignores differences found in other cultures. b. sets up a conflict between men and women. c. presumes culture is a one-way process. d. presumes that women's bodies are essential to a functioning society.

Correct Answer: presumes culture is a one-way process.

(Q018) A television ad campaign for a new toy starts playing nationwide in late October. Within weeks, big box retailers are selling out of the toy as parents prepare for the holidays. This response is an example of a a. long-term, intended media effect. b. long-term, negative media effect. c. short-term, intended media effect. d. short-term, unintended media effect.

Correct Answer: short-term, intended media effect.

(Q019) Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States undertook the internment of all people of Japanese ancestry living in the United States. The government stated that this action was to protect national security. Many of those sent to these internment camps were US citizens, with parents or grandparents born in Japan. This action relied on the use of a. stereotypes. b. hegemony. c. culture jamming. d. sexism.

Correct Answer: stereotypes.

(Q008) Skateboarding is a popular youth pastime. Within the activity, there are distinct variations on how it's done, and the skating vocabulary can vary by place. In addition, skateboarders have distinctive gear, such as skate shoes designed to provide grip and durability. All this sets skaters apart as a kind o a. minority group. b. mass media. c. subculture. d. stereotype.

Correct Answer: subculture.

(Q017) For a research project in an introductory sociology course, a student decides to compare how women's magazines cover health and beauty topics versus career and professional topics. This student is conducting a. cultural relativism. b. culture jamming. c. textual analysis. d. cultural production.

Correct Answer: textual analysis.

Question 21 1 / 1 pts (Q021) In an interview with Dalton Conley, Mitchell Duneier describes his desire to conduct research that adheres to the ethical guidelines of social research. If Duneier had interviewed street vendors by secretly recording their interactions, what ethical guideline would he have violated? a. informed consent b."do no harm" c.participant observation d.reflexivity

Correct Answers: a. informed consent

(Q010) What is an example of a negative relationship between an independent and a dependent variable? a. Wealthier individuals tend to be less concerned about environmental problems. b. Poorer people tend to have worse health. c. Individuals with more formal education tend to have higher incomes. d. Individuals with lower incomes are less likely to vote in presidential elections.

Correct Answers: a. Wealthier individuals tend to be less concerned about environmental problems.

(Q020) In an effort to understand how group dynamics change under duress, a research team gathers 100 people at a remote mountain location, bringing them all in by helicopter. Using carefully designed interviews, the researchers begin the lengthy process of interviewing the participants. After the second day, however, there are a dozen participants who express unhappiness and want to leave. The research team reminds them that they signed an agreement to be interviewed knowing what it entailed, that leaving is not practical, and that they need to continue with the process. The research team is failing to fulfill what golden rule of research? a. ensuring voluntary participation b. obtaining informed consent c.notifying their home institution d. protecting a vulnerable population

Correct Answers: a. ensuring voluntary participation

(Q002) Both quantitative and qualitative methods (the way sociologists can gather data about a social issue or problem) are approaches that ideally attempt to establish a __________ between social elements. a. coincidental relationship b. causal relationship c. numeric relationship d.commonsense relationship

Correct Answers: b. causal relationship

(Q001) What is the best example of a quantitative research method? a. interviewing people about their experiences in high-school gym class b. conducting a survey of how frequently people exercise c. observing people as they participate in an aerobics class d. analyzing the language style of men's and women's fitness blogs

Correct Answers: b. conducting a survey of how frequently people exercise

(Q018) Amber is conducting research on the negative portrayal of Latinos in the media. She searches through newspapers to document instances of discriminatory language toward Latinos. What type of research is Amber conducting? a. participant observation b. content analysis c. cross-sectional survey d. comparative research

Correct Answers: b. content analysis

(Q006) What three factors are needed to establish causation? a. a natural experiment, time order, and correlation b. correlation, time order, and ruling out alternative explanations c. moderating variables, ruling out alternative explanations, and time order d. correlation, a hypothesis, and alternative explanations

Correct Answers: b. correlation, time order, and ruling out alternative explanations

(Q004) A researcher observes that most teens entering a café choose to sit near other occupied tables, whereas most retirees choose a table that is farther away from other customers. The researcher then theorizes that youth like to feel that they are part of a larger group of people, whereas the elderly are more comfortable being alone. This is an example of which kind of research approach? a. deductive b. inductive c.quantitative d. a case study

Correct Answers: b. inductive

(Q016) You have decided to conduct an interview-based study on your campus that examines sexual assault with the hope of offering recommendations to the administration for policy changes. You have selected as your sample the members of all the campus fraternities, as this is a subpopulation of the entire campus and seems often to be at the center of the cases. Although this is an interesting approach, your results will likely be a. a specific kind of content analysis. b. limited in generalizability because of your sampling decision. c. limited as a form of participant observation. d. biased due to the kind of historical data you have.

Correct Answers: b. limited in generalizability because of your sampling decision.

(Q014) Suppose that researchers find that if they ask respondents to report their happiness twice over the course of an interview, the respondents nearly always give identical responses. However, they also find that respondents are generally unwilling to report feeling unhappy because they think they will be judged negatively by the interviewer. This measure of happiness would be a. valid but not reliable. b. reliable but not valid. c. neither reliable nor valid. d. both reliable and valid.

Correct Answers: b. reliable but not valid.

(Q008) Zayvon has conducted a study in which he found that college students with more friends tend to have higher GPAs. He concluded that as a person makes more friends, she has more social support and that helps her do better academically. However, when he collected longitudinal data in a follow-up study and was able to take into account time order, Zayvon found that, actually, as a person increases her GPA, she gains status on campus and attracts more friends. This is a case of a. operationalization. b. reverse causality. c. comparative research. d. a spurious relationship.

Correct Answers: b. reverse causality.

(Q019) Comparative research usually involves studying? a. two or more units of analysis that have almost nothing in common in order to determine why they are so different. b. two or more units of analysis that have a number of things in common but differ on a dimension (or dimensions) of interest. c. several subgroups in a given country or culture to identify how and why they are similar or different. d. a minority and majority group in a particular country.

Correct Answers: b. two or more units of analysis that have a number of things in common but differ on a dimension (or dimensions) of interest.

(Q015) You are interested in investigating how honest Facebook users can be on the site. You have added several family members as your Facebook friends. You plan to interview them as part of your investigation. How does this approach create a problem for you as a researcher? a. It gives you an opportunity to learn things about your family you may not have been able to discover otherwise. b. It limits your ability to be completely objective. c. It will result in a challenge for reflexivity because of the ways your prior relationships will influence your family members' responses in the interviews. d. It will result in a lack of reliability due to a limited number of family members to interview.

Correct Answers: c. It will result in a challenge for reflexivity because of the ways your prior relationships will influence your family members' responses in the interviews.

(Q017) What is an example of a panel survey? a. a survey of 1,000 high-school seniors that is repeated with a new group of seniors every year for 10 years b.a onetime survey of 25 percent of each of the four grades in a particular high school c. a survey of 1,000 high-school seniors who are then contacted every two years for a 10-year period to participate in a follow-up survey d. a survey of 1,000 high-school seniors conducted by a panel of sociologists with different specialties

Correct Answers: c. a survey of 1,000 high-school seniors who are then contacted every two years for a 10-year period to participate in a follow-up survey

(Q005) You've noticed that when you sleep less, your grades suffer. At the same time, you realize that lower grades could also lead to a lack of sleep: that worrying about a possible dip in your grade point average could keep you up at night. What kind of relationship between the two variables, lack of sleep and lower grades, are you noticing here? a. causal b. spurious c. correlation d. time-ordered

Correct Answers: c. correlation

(Q024) Which description captures a feature of feminist approaches to social research? a. exclusively observing female behaviors in order to better understand women b.ensuring that men do not conduct participant observation in women's groups c. engaging in research that may bring about policy changes to help improve women's lives d. identifying and eliminating all possible sources of male-centered bias in field research

Correct Answers: c. engaging in research that may bring about policy changes to help improve women's lives

(Q009) Hypothesis: Children in families that eat dinner together at least four times per week experience fewer behavioral problems in school. In this hypothesis, what is the dependent variable? a. the number of times per week that a family eats together b.how much time children spend with their families c. how often children misbehave in school d. the nutritional value of the food children eat with their families

Correct Answers: c. how often children misbehave in school

(Q013) In his experiment, Duncan Watts created a website where respondents could rate songs. His sample size was 14,341 respondents. If Watts selected a new sample of 14,341 different respondents and their average ratings of each song were significantly different than the first sample, what problem would Watts's research suffer from? a. reverse causation b. low reflexivity c. low reliability d. low response rate

Correct Answers: c. low reliability

(Q022) You would like to understand why some high-school students in a private religious school are prone to being cyberbullied. After thoroughly operationalizing the terms, developing well-honed variables, and identifying a sample, you must apply to an institutional review board in order to conduct the research. One of the main concerns is that a. you are required to get the consent of the parents. b. you are dealing with the school administration. c.you are dealing with a protected population group. d.your questions ask about illegal activities.

Correct Answers: c.you are dealing with a protected population group.

(Q003) One of the classes you are enrolled in fills up every semester it is offered, and students rave about it. There's something about it beyond the topic and the instructor, which makes you curious. You have an idea about why this is so, so you decide to test your theory by jotting down a hypothesis, asking other students a few questions, and then seeing if the results fit your theory. You are employing what kind of research in your sociological search for answers? a. a participant observation approach b. a cross-disciplinary approach c. an inductive approach d. a deductive approach

Correct Answers: d. a deductive approach

(Q011) What is a moderating variable? a. a factor that is positioned between the independent and dependent variables but does not affect the relationship between them b. a factor that affects only the independent variable in a hypothesis c.a factor that affects only the dependent variable in a hypothesis d. a factor that affects the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Correct Answers: d. a factor that affects the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

(Q025) Professor Chang has spent years studying human history and social change and developed an abstract, systematic model that explains how as countries become wealthier their cultures shift to become more tolerant and open. This would be an example of a. the scientific method. b.operationalization. c. generalizability. d. a theory.

Correct Answers: d. a theory.

(Q012) In the effort to stop the spread of HIV, organizations and countries have invested in research to understand how the virus spreads within a population. Often, this research investigates transmission through "having sex." Here, one of the challenges is to precisely define what "having sex" means, so that researchers can identify the relevant variables. This challenge of specifying a key idea is crucial to any good sociological study and is called a. defining the dependent variable. b.hypothesis testing. c. defining the independent variable. d. operationalization.

Correct Answers: d. operationalization.

(Q023) What data collection method was primarily used by Mary Pattillo to study the influx of black professionals into a Chicago neighborhood where many lower-class blacks already lived? a. audit study b.survey c. content analysis d. participant observation

Correct Answers: d. participant observation

(Q007) Suppose you're at a party at a friend's apartment. One of the guests strikes up a conversation with you about voter apathy and claims he has a pretty good idea as to why it is so high, calling it a "well-educated hypothesis." You point out (much to his annoyance) that his idea is really nothing more than a guess. In order to accurately call his idea a hypothesis, he would need to a. cite existing studies that support his educated guess. b. develop a comprehensive explanation for why voter apathy is so high. c. test the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. d. propose a relationship between two variables.

Correct Answers: d. propose a relationship between two variables.

(Q022) The contemporary social movement with the slogan "Fight for 15" seeks a $15 minimum wage and unionization. This attempt to mobilize and make gains for workers can be viewed as in line with the view of the social world of which classical sociological theorist?

Karl Marx

Q008) Rather than complaining about "kids these days," 52-year-old Professor Cathy Small enrolled as an undergraduate at a large university in an attempt to better understand the college experience of her students. She published her findings in the book, My Freshman Year (under the pen name of Rebekah Nathan). This research is in line with the methodology developed by which of the following early sociologists?

Max Weber

(Q010) Which American sociologist was the first to undertake ethnography in the African American community?

W. E. B. DuBois

(Q004) Jasmine has begun attending a large weekly support group for atheists raised in religious families. She hasn't felt very close to her family since she came out as an atheist, but when she is at these meetings she feels like for the first time in her life she is accepted and valued for who she really is. Her support group would be considered Group of answer choices a secondary group. a formal organization. an informal bureaucracy. a primary group.

a secondary group.

(Q024) Drivers stop at red lights for no other reason than that there is a shared understanding that this is what you're supposed to do at a red light. This shared meaning becomes the basis for how people act and interact with each other on the road and thus takes on the appearance of an objective fact. This is an example of

a social construction.

(Q005) What is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time?

a social institution

(Q018) In her interview with Dalton Conley, Julia Adams talks about the differences between sociology and history. As a self-identified historical comparative sociologist, Adams makes the point that sociologists are less concerned with uniqueness than they are with commonalities. Consider Henry the VIII of England during the mid-1500s. Henry's succession of marriages (six wives in all) is often seen as a unique case. Six wives is a lot by the norms of many European societies. A sociologist, however, might well look at it by considering the ways in which Henry's marriages

affected religious life in England then, with ramifications that continue through the present.

(Q001) "Thinking like a sociologist" means that you

apply analytical tools to the things you've always done without much conscious thought in the past.

(Q017) Sociology is distinct from other academic disciplines in its attempt to

detect patterns in how different societies respond to similar phenomena.

(Q002) Using the sociological imagination helps sociologists (and students of sociology)

develop the ability to see the connections between our own personal experience and the larger forces of history.

(Q011) Jamar enters a clothing store and a security guard immediately notices him and follows his actions on a security monitor. Jamar is aware of the security guard's actions and adjusts his own behavior to avoid a potential confrontation. This is a contemporary example of which sociological concept developed at the turn of the twentieth century?

double consciousness

(Q015) What is an example of an application of midrange theory?

exploring the role of churches in maintaining community ties in rural areas

(Q007) The early sociological writer, Harriet Martineau, wrote a book in 1838 that examined the institution of marriage and challenged assumptions about women's inferiority. In this respect, Martineau espoused what kind of theoretical position in her sociological writing?

feminist

(Q012) Allison is concerned with the subtle messages that her niece receives from her kindergarten teacher about suitable careers. For example, picture books read in class portray women as nurses and secretaries but the doctors and engineers in the books are male. Allison's concerns reflect what kind of theoretical perspective?

feminist

(Q013) A theoretical perspective most popular in the mid-twentieth century held that social realities such as the roles that men and women play in heterosexual couples or the existence of inequality could be explained by the necessary purpose they served in society. What was this theoretical perspective?

functionalism

(Q020) One of the challenges faced by many colleges and universities is binge drinking on campus. Imagine you are tasked with developing solutions to this problem. Thinking sociologically, you suggest that it would be useful to understand the meaning placed on the parties where binge drinking happens, so solutions are based on a deeper understanding of the experience itself. Your approach relies on the methodology of

interpretive sociology.

(Q003) Montrice attends an orientation session on her first day of college. There are 45 students and two orientation leaders in her session. This type of group is known as a Group of answer choices medium group. large group. primary group. small group.

large group.

(Q023) Getting ready to go out on a first date with someone she first contacted through a dating app, Jada tries on a dress and stilettos. Then, remembering that the person mentioned liking sporty women, Jada reconsidered and changed into shorts and a tank top. Jada's wardrobe change illustrates what social theory?

looking-glass self

(Q021) Montrice is conducting a study of the effect of economic recessions on marriage rates in European countries. What type of sociology is this?

macrosociology

(Q019) Observing and analyzing the conversations patients have with their doctors would be an example of what kind of sociology?

microsociology

(Q016) Whether Muslim women veil themselves, especially in countries such as the United States and France, is often a controversial topic. Sociological research has found that while some women choose to veil for religious reasons, others may take up the veil because they are motivated to claim their Muslim identity in the face of anti-Muslim sentiment. These different interpretations of the importance of veiling illustrates how meaning is subjective. This emphasis on differences in subjective interpretations, in turn, is characteristic of

postmodernism.

(Q014) A researcher spends time with small organic farmers on their land and at market in order to understand their particular subculture, noting the brands of work clothes they prefer; their conversations about hoop houses, compost, and aquaponics; and the nonverbal greetings they give other drivers on rural roads. This focus reflects which approach to research?

symbolic interactionism

(Q002) Melinda and Alex are co-leads on a project at work, but their working styles differ greatly and they are having trouble agreeing on procedures and objectives. Elena, a member of their team who is relatively new to the company, steps in and pulls together a crucial part of the project to meet a tight deadline. The account manager is impressed with Elena's work, and Elena ends up getting a promotion after the project is completed. In this triad, Elena could be said to have assumed what role? Group of answer choices divide et impera mediator role leader tertius gaudens

tertius gaudens

(Q001) According to the sociologist Georg Simmel, what can you use to predict the behavior of members of a social group? Group of answer choices whether the group has a hierarchical or flat structure the number of people in the group whether the group is personal or impersonal whether the group serves a social or professional function

the number of people in the group

(Q009) The Chicago School of Sociology emphasized the importance of

the social environment in shaping people's behavior and personality.

(Q003) What is an example of using one's sociological imagination?

understanding that the divorce of one's parents is part of a larger societal trend toward marriage dissolution