Quiz Four

Neural ________ refers to a neural response, usually brain activation measured by fMRI, to determine what a person is perceiving or thinking

mind reading

"Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like ""John went to the store to buy some oranges"" in your mind AND

"pointing to the word ""yes"" for each word that is a noun and ""no"" for each word that is not a noun?"

The ""magic number,"" according to Miller, is

7 +/- 2

Conduct an experiment where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented. It is most likely that the target letter ""P"" will be misidentified as

C

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial-report procedure involves:

a smaller response set

A task with the instructions ""Read the following words while repeating 'the, the, the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember"" would most likely be studying"

articulatory suppression

Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. Once you arrive, you stop thinking about the address and start to think about buying a housewarming gift for your friend. To remember the address, you used a(n) _______ process in STM

control

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to _____, but later research showed that it was actually due to _____."

decay; intereference

Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like ""John went to the store to buy some oranges"" in your mind AND

pointing to the word ""yes"" for each word that is a noun and ""no"" for each word that is not a noun?"

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road?

trying to remember the definition or a word they just learned

Which task should be easier? Keeping an image of a block letter ""F"" in your mind AND

saying ""yes"" for each corner that is an inside corner and ""no"" for each corner that is an outside corner

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because

the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about a fraction of a second

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

visiospatial sketchpad

"The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is"

15-20s or less

Using the partial report procedure in his ""letter array"" experiment, Sperling was able to infer that participants initially saw about ____ percent of the 12 letters in the display

82%

According to your text, when students are asked the top functions for which they use their memories, all but which of the following are commonly identified?"

labelling familiar objects

Shanta has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Shanta is displaying"

perserveration

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of

persistence of vision

Jill's friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill's memory is declining over the course of the week because other information she encounters is "competing" with that which she memorized on Monday. This process is called

proactive interference

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to

proactive interference

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that while remembers the names of the people in the fourth group, he can no longer recall the names of anyone he met earlier in the party. Lamar's experience demonstrates

retroactive interference