Quiz Questions

the fact that all humans have the capacity for culture; these shared understandings that help us to adapt.

"Culture with a capital C" refers to

she walked much like we do. she was very complete with more than 40% of the skeleton present. she was an early biped.

"Lucy" is important to understanding human evolution because

Artifact

A form of portable material culture that humans make and modify which can be recovered and observed by archaeologists is called a/an

Site

A precise geographical location of the remains of past human activity is an archaeological

mode of production

A specific, historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge is known as _____________.

colorism

According to Lavenda and Schultz (pp. 428-430), a system of social identities negotiated situationally along a continuum of skin colors between black and white was defined in the text and lecture as ____________.

False

According to Maltz and Borker, data on American women suggest that they often interrupt more in conversation and also control the conversation.

use of more inclusive pronouns

According to Maltz and Borker, which of the following is less likely to be found in the play roles of boys or language of men in American culture?

Synthesis of vitamin D in the skin Protection against ultraviolet radiation Impeding the destruction of folic acid

According to Nina Jablonski, and also discussed in the text, which of the following features is connected with variation in human skin color?

a judicial remedy in the form of an order from a superior court to any government, court, corporation or public authority. The order requires the mentioned party to do some specific act which that body is obliged under law to do or refrain from doing what is not allowed.

According to the lab The Enviro Litigators, "mandamus" is _______________.

ethnicity

According to the text, which of the following is "sometimes described as a struggle between self-ascription (i.e., insider's efforts to define their own identity) and other-ascription (i.e., outsiders' effects to define the identities of other groups)?

gender/age

All societies divide labor by ______ and ________.

the Kula Ring

Among the Trobriand Islanders, Malinowski described __________, which is a ritual process whereby ritual goods (e.g., shell arm bands and necklaces) as well as everyday goods (e.g., axes, canoes, and yams) are traded.

use verbal leveling mechanisms to ensure that no group member is considered superior to any other.

Anthropologist Richard Lee learned that the Kung! _____________.

False

Archaeologists are only interested in studying groups for whom no written records exist.

relationship with

Archaeologists speak of food domestication only when there is evidence that plants and animals show a _________ wild plants and animals

False

As systems of knowledge, "science" and "religion" are identical systems and therefore comparable.

False

As we learned in class and the text, modern humans evolved from monkeys.

symbolic

Because a word or phrase can represent what it stands for, whether or not that thing is present, we say that language is __________.

Communicative competence

Dell Hyme's concept that the speaker must have knowledge of how to use the language appropriately is __________.

age kinship gender race or ethnicity

Differential advantages in economic resources, power, and prestige may stem from ___________.

ethnicity gender age race

Differential advantages in economic resources, power, and prestige may stem from ___________.

have as many positions of social status as persons to fill them within a particular age/sex group.

Egalitarian societies ________________.

Testable hypotheses

Evolutionary theory is based on a set of

weaning time all of these dietary stress access to resources

Growth arrest lines in the teeth (called hypoplasias) can provide insight into the adaptative success of human populations in the past. Based on differences in patterns of timing that are seen in children from different populations, we can infer differences in ___________.

Domestication

Human interference with the reproduction of another species, with the result that specific plants and animal become more useful to people and dependent on them.

True

Humans are primates.

False

In "The Arrow of Disease" Jared Diamond argues that the earliest crowd diseases (e.g., tuberculosis) were sustained even within very small hunter gatherer populations.

Those who reproduce and replace themselves

In Darwinian terms, who are the fit?

hegemony

In Lavenda and Schultz Chapter 12 (pg. 353), we learned that _________ is a type of pervasive rather than coercive rule; it is embedded within daily life so that people do not realize it is present. The persuasion of subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant power group by mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers' privileged position. This concept was described initially by Antonio Gramsci's writing in the 1930s.

Cultural resource management archaeology

In the United States, federal, state, and local legislative actions that require the consideration of environmental and cultural factors in the use of federal, state, or funds for development has led to the development of

social identities

In the broadest sense, ___________ are/is "an aspect of self that makes a difference in how one's rights and duties distribute to specific others."

The process of change over time

In your text, evolution is defined as

infectious disease.

Ishi's death was the result of

True

Moundville is a late prehistoric site in west central Alabama.

False

Races are biological groups that always depend upon a system of hypodescent such as seen in Cuba.

False

Races are discrete biological groups that always depend upon systems of hypodescent such as seen in Cuba.

increased population density a decline in health increased social conflict increased reliance on single (or fewer) food types

Some issues that have been associated with food domestication include

Darwin

The claim that similar living species must all have had a common ancestor or origin was made by

Upper Paleolithic

The cultural tradition associated with the emergence of modern humans and their spread around the world is called the

neoclassical economic theory

The economic theory that represented a formal attempt to explain the workings of capitalist enterprise and paid particular attention to distribution is __________.

Economic Anthropology

The part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living is called _______________.

Neolithic

The shift to food production occurred during the

Neolithic

The shift to food production occurred during the __________ period.

Means of Production

The tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature is _____________.

Postive minimal responses

Uses of sounds (e.g., mm hum) occur more often in women's speech patterns than among males. Maltz and Borker refer to these as ____________.

Castes

Varna and jati are examples of ____________ within a relatively closed system of social stratification that is seen traditionally among Hindus.

Hickory Ground

We learned from this week's lab exercise that archaeological site 1EE89 is considered to be the location of ____________________, an historic Creek Indian town in Alabama that was located on the lower Coosa River.

Refers to an approach that studies many aspects of a multifaceted system.

What does it mean when we say that anthropology is holistic?

Questions were more often associated with female speech patterns.

What general linguistic pattern did we see during "The Cup" exercise in class?

A system of arbitrary symbols used to communicate

What is language?

Niche construction

When is organism active perturbs the environment or when it actively moves into a different environment, thereby modifying the selection pressures it is subject to is called ____________.

symbolic

When we say that a form of communication is __________, we mean at least two things. First, the communication has meaning even when the referent is not there, and second, the meaning is arbitrary.

Processual

Which approach to archaeology focuses on: View archaeology as an objective, empirical science Hypothetico-deductive (e.g., Lewis Binford) Statistics to examine distribution of material remains over space and time Emphasize human adaptations to different environments and social structure

forensic anthropology

Which field of anthropology that you studied in a lab assignment would be best suited to the identification of victims after a disaster?

Displacement

Which of Charles Hockett's sixteen design features of language refers to the ability to talk about absent or nonexistent objects?

Features

___________ are non-portable remnants of hominin activities, such as walls, ditches or mounds.

naturalizing discourses

____________ is the deliberate representation of particular identities (e.g., caste, class, race, ethnicity, and nation) as if they were a result of biology or nature, rather than history or culture, making them appear eternal and unchanging.