Quiz Questions - SOC 170 (Midterm 1)
True or false: If the economy improves, young people who delay having children in the US today are likely to make up many of these births later in their lives. a) True b) False
a) True
Which of the following is among the most frequently given reasons by women in lower income countries for why they do not use contraception? a) Concerns about side effects b) Lack access to contraception c) Cost of contraception is too high
a) Concerns about side effects
What are health reversals? a) Factors that prevent mortality levels from decreasing or lead to increased mortality at the population level b) The point of disease onset or loss of functioning c) Individual recovery from a near-fatal illness
a) Factors that prevent mortality levels from decreasing or lead to increased mortality at the population level
Which of the following is NOT consistent with the technological critique of Malthus? a) A larger population means more people and labor to work out technological solutions to resource scarcity b) Population pressure encourages agricultural productivity and the intensification of food production c) Social inequality interferes with the implementation of technological innovations
c) Social inequality interferes with the implementation of technological innovations
What does the narrowing above the base of a population pyramid usually indicate? a) High out-migration b) Low child mortality c) Low out-migration d) High child mortality
d) High child mortality
In many high income countries with low fertility, what is the norm for the number of children that couples want to have? a) Three b) One c) Four d) Two
d) Two
True or False: Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic includes both deaths attributable to COVID-19 and deaths from other causes. a) True b) False
a) True
True or False: The completeness of death reporting is lowest in South America. a) True b) False
a) False
Why do Ritchie and Roser say that we are at a turning point in global population history? a) Global population size will increase even as the number of children will begin to shrink b) Global population will increase as the number of births will continue to increase c) Global population will soon begin to shrink even as the number of people at working age and older age increase
a) Global population size will increase even as the number of children will begin to shrink
What is the "longevity effect"? a) The increase in population life expectancy as mortality declines b) The change in the age distribution of the population c) The change in expectations of appropriate behavior at older ages
a) The increase in population life expectancy as mortality declines
What is population momentum? a) The number of births may continue to increase—even if fertility levels are lower—if the number of reproductive-aged adults continues to grow b) When population size exceeds food production, environmental and social catastrophe will lead to a population crash c) Once a population is increasing, it is not possible to stop or slow down population growth
a) The number of births may continue to increase—even if fertility levels are lower—if the number of reproductive-aged adults continues to grow
What was the primary concern about adding a citizenship question to the 2020 U.S. Census? a) There were concerns that immigrant families--with and without documentation--would avoid the b) Census or respond inaccurately. There were concerns that including a new question would make the Census too long c) There were concerns that the results would be used to introduce new immigration quotas
a) There were concerns that immigrant families--with and without
Why is age 75 the "new 65" in the United States? a) Today's 75 year olds have the same mortality rates as 65 year olds in 1952 b) Today's 75 year olds have the same labor force participation rates as 65 year olds in 1972 c) Today's 75 year olds have the same life expectancy as 65 year olds in 1952
a) Today's 75 year olds have the same mortality rates as 65 year olds in 1952
True or False: Between one-fifth and one-third of married women with unmet need in lower income countries say that they aren't using contraception because they have sex infrequently. a) True b) False
a) True
What is an undercount? a) When certain subpopulations are more likely to be left out of the Census count than other groups b) When the government allocates fewer Representatives to a state than its enumerated population is warranted c)When statistics are derived from a sample of the population rather than the full Census count
a) When certain subpopulations are more likely to be left out of the Census count than other groups
What was the world population estimated to be in 2015? a) 9.6-9.85 billion b) 7.25-7.4 billion c) 8.3-.8.3 billion
b) 7.25-7.4 billion
What is the demographic explanation for why mobility rates in the United States are lower today than they were in the 1960s? a) A smaller share of Americans are immigrants and are less likely to move once they arrive in the U.S. b) A larger share of Americans are in older age groups that are less likely to move c) A larger share of Americans are of childbearing age and are less likely to move while they build their families
b) A larger share of Americans are in older age groups that are less likely to move
What is the demographic transition? a) The change from low-population density to high-population density as a population grows b) A sequence of population change: mortality declines first, followed by fertility decline c) The historical shift in the methods of measuring and analyzing demographic data
b) A sequence of population change: mortality declines first, followed by fertility decline
What issue is the largest environmental challenge identified by Hans Rosling in "The magic washing machine"? a) Population growth b) Economic growth c) Drought
b) Economic growth
True or False: According to the inequality critique of Malthus, population growth and environmental decline cause hunger and poverty. a) True b) False
b) False
According to conventional demographic transition theory and early "demand theories" of fertility, what role do family planning programs play in contraceptive use? a) Family planning programs create demand for contraception by influencing the fertility preferences of women and their partners b) Family planning programs have no impact on contraceptive use; socio-economic development creates demand for lower fertility and drives contraceptive us c) Family planning programs increase contraceptive use by reducing the cost of access to contraception
b) Family planning programs have no impact on contraceptive use; socio-economic development creates demand for lower fertility and drives contraceptive us
What is the compression of morbidity hypothesis? a) Poor health will become concentrated among a smaller share of the population b) Increased life expectancy will be accompanied by a shortening of the length of time spent in poor health c) The compression of morbidity hypothesis refers to the idea that increases in life expectancy will be accompanied by a shortening of the length of time spent in poor health. Individuals will not only gain additional years of life, they will gain additional years of healthy life. d) Poor health will become more common at younger ages and less common at older ages
b) Increased life expectancy will be accompanied by a shortening of the length of time spent in poor health
What is morbidity? a) A synonym for mortality b) Poor health, including the processes of disease onset, loss of function, and frailty c) Morbidity refers to poor health, including physical dysregulation, disease onset, loss of function, and frailty. Mortality refers to death. Morbidity may increase the risk of mortality, but is a separate concept. d) The condition of having an unusual interest in the demography of health
b) Poor health, including the processes of disease onset, loss of function, and frailty
What dimension of welfare state benefits did Beckfield and Bambra find to have the strongest association with life expectancy> a) Sickness benefits b) Public pension programs c) Unemployment insurance
b) Public pension programs
What is climate adaptation? a) Reducing the expectation that climate norms will continue ! b) Reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change c) Reducing the greenhouse gasses that cause climate change
b) Reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change
Why did Caroline Sten Hartnett describe US fertility rates as "unusually high"? a) US fertility rates since 1990 have driven population growth in the United States. b) Since 1990, US fertility rates have been higher than the rates in most comparable European countries c) After 1990, US fertility rates returned to the levels that were present during the Baby Boom
b) Since 1990, US fertility rates have been higher than the rates in most comparable European countries
Which of the following refers to how old someone feels? a) Chronological age b) Subjective age c) Sociological age d) Biological age
b) Subjective age
What is the US mortality disadvantage? a) The faster growth of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality within the U.S. relative to other rich democracies b) The growing gap in life expectancy between the U.S. and other rich democracies c) The faster pace of improvements in life expectancy in the U.S. relative to other rich democracies
b) The growing gap in life expectancy between the U.S. and other rich democracies
What is excess mortality? a) The number of deaths that society recognizes as being unjust at a particular moment in history b) The number of deaths from all causes during a crises above and beyond what we would have expected to see under 'normal' conditions c) The number of preventable deaths due to a specific case during a specific time period
b) The number of deaths from all causes during a crises above and beyond what we would have expected to see under 'normal' conditions
Which of the following is NOT an example of a health reversal identified by Horiuchi? a) Re-emergence of infectious diseases b) Unmet need for family planning c) Social alienation
b) Unmet need for family planning
Where are Americans aged 70 and older least likely to live? a) Florida b) Utah c) Nebraska
b) Utah
According to Preston and Vierboom, what percentage of all US deaths would be prevented if the US had the same mortality rate as Europe? a) 7% b) 15% c) 12%
c) 12%
According to Stephenson, Newman, and Mayhew, why will future environmentally-induced migration increasingly consist of movements out of urban areas? a) Urban areas will suffer more acute food shortages than rural areas b) The majority of the world's population lives in urban areas c) 60% of the world's largest cities are located in low-lying coastal areas that will be affected by rising sea levels
c) 60% of the world's largest cities are located in low-lying coastal areas that will be affected by rising sea levels
How do demographers validate an individual's lifespan? a) By comparing reports from multiple family members b) By using search engines to find family trees and social media reports of an individual's life c) By tracing administrative records, like birth certificates and census records, over an individual's lifespan
c) By tracing administrative records, like birth certificates and census records, over an individual's lifespan
Which of the following is not an official use of Census data? a) Representation to decision-making bodies b) Allocation of resources back to geographic areas c) Determination of tax rates
c) Determination of tax rates
Which of the following causes did NOT contribute to the rising mid-life mortality documented by Case and Deaton? a) Drug overdoses b) Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis c) Diabetes d) Suicide
c) Diabetes
Assumptions about what components of population change shape projections of future population size? a) Age, period, and cohort b) Population density, composition, and past size c) Fertility, mortality, and migration
c) Fertility, mortality, and migration
According to Stephenson, Newman, and Mayhew, what is the principal cause of climate change? a) Rapid population growth in low income countries b) Deforestation and land use globally c) High consumption in developed countries
c) High consumption in developed countries
What distinguishes the age structure of West Virginia? a) High birth rates b) Positive net migration c) Natural decrease
c) Natural decrease