Quiz reveals pt 2
invites, prescribes
According to Bitzer, a rhetorical exigence ___________ and _________________ a fitting response. -details, illustrates -defines, promotes -expresses, assesses -invites, prescribes
voice
According to Bakhtin, __________________ is the point of view expressed in a text. -polysemy -dialogue -discourse -voice
Dostoyevsky
According to Bakhtin, the novels of __________________ demonstrated and celebrated the dialogic nature of language. -James -Kasparov -Solzhenitsyn -Dostoyevsky
Frederick Douglass
According to Depoe, who is noted for saying, "Power concedes nothing without a demand"? -Frederick Douglass -Jurgen Habermas -Sojourner Truth -Lois Gibbs
going viral
According to Edbauer, ________________________ means that a given rhetoric is not contained by the elements that comprise its rhetorical situation. -universe of discourse -concatenation -going viral -social media
all of the other answers are correct
According to Entman, which of the following is NOT a function of frames? -define problems -diagnose causes -suggest remedies -all of the other answers are correct
structure
According to Rhetoric in Civic Life (and lifted up by Depoe), all visual technologies _______________ images of reality. -represent -structure -present -augment
peace through unity
According to Rhetoric in Civic Life (and not mentioned in lecture), the theme of the rededicated Little Bighorn National Monument is ____________________. -peace through strength -heroes fought and died here -to the stars through difficulties -peace through unity
enactment
According to Rhetoric in Civic Life (as lifted up by Depoe), the key rhetorical driver in body rhetoric is ___________________. -enactment -memory -transgression -presence
visual culture
According to Rhetoric in Civic Life, ________________ is/are distinguished by the ubiquity of visual forms of communication that appear in multiple outlets at the same time. -presentational rhetoric -image events -public screens -visual culture
recalcitrance
For Burke, material reality exhibits _____________________. -permanence -transitory change -recalcitrance -correspondence to symbols
strategic action
Habermas would say that social media structures promote ______________________. -strategic action -communicative action -legitimation -civil society
formism
Habermas' theory of the public sphere illustrates which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -organicism -mechanism -formism -contexualism
predictive algorithms
Haidt and Rose-Stockwell mark 2009 as a key social media milestone year in which Facebook (followed by other social media platforms) began to present users with content based not on accuracy of recency of material but on ________________. -fake news -news feeds -internet filter bubble -predictive algorithms
McIntyre
According to Depoe, who defined humans as the "story-telling animals"? -Burke -McIntyre -Fisher -Bakhtin
heteroglossia
According to Bakhtin, _______________ encompasses the vast variety of language use and possible meanings always evident in every culture. -dialogue -monologia -heteroglossia -polyphony
monologia
According to Bakhtin, _______________ is the univocal, fixed meaning attached to discourse by the state. -monologia -heteroglossia -dialogue -ideology
situational component
According to Bitzer, along with other building blocks of rhetoric—speaker, message, audience—we should include a(n) _________________. -ethical focus -social-interactionist framework -situational component -visual component
all answers are correct
According to Bitzer, rhetorical situations __________________. -are located in reality -are more or less organized -can recur -All of the other answers are correct
dialectic
According to Borchers & Hundley, as summarized by Depoe, within Marxism's model of capitalist society, the base and superstructure exist in a(n) ______________ relationship. -dialectical -hierarchical -adversarial -synergistic
cultural literacy
According to Borchers & Hundley, which of the following is NOT one of the motivating features of critical rhetoric? -critical spirit -cultural literacy -consequential -demystifying function
the Negative
According to Burke, <hu>mans are inventors of ____________________. -the Negative -hierarchy -rhetoric -drama
frame of acceptance
According to Burke, an individual's ______________ can resemble a dramatic genre, either comic or tragic. -persona -subject position -pentad -frame of acceptance
Idealism
According to Burke, explanations that feature agent as the root term reflect a preference for what orientation toward reality? -Realism -Pragmatism -Idealism -materialism
identification
According to Burke, while the key term of the "old rhetoric" was persuasion, the key term of the "new rhetoric" is _________________. -metaphor -identification -persona -consubstantiality
all of the other answers are correct
According to Calin, in a reading titled "The healing power of black storytelling," which of the following is NOT a potentially positive impact of multi-cultural story telling for school-aged children? -redefines what is normal -retells important stories -provides reminder of value -all of the other answers are correct
hailing
According to Charland, ___________________ involves inviting individuals to become subjects within an ideological narrative. -hailing -interpellation -constitutive rhetoric -ideological effect
positing a trans-historical subject
According to Charland, ____________________ is an ideological effect in which subjects construct a story of their group's origins, heroic exploits, and future trajectory. -constituting a collective subject -positing a trans-historical subject -suggesting the illusion of freedom -forming an imagined community
interpellation
According to Charland, ____________________ occurs when individuals acknowledge being addressed and choose to participate in a discursively defined subject position. -hailing -interpellation -constitutive rhetoric -imagined community
dissemination
According to DeLuca & Peeples (as cited by Depoe), the communication model should change from a basis in transmission or exchange to a basis in __________________. -circulation -Identification -dissemination -presentation
visual culture
According to DeLuca & Peeples, _____________ is an affordance of the internet and social media that provides users with the ability to move freely among sources and platforms in real time ("surfing" the web). -remediation -hypermediacy -public screen -visual culture
All of the other answers ARE characteristics.
According to Depoe (citing Crossman), which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Critical Theory approach to social theory? -It is oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole. -It focuses attention on the various surfaces of social life. -It focuses on issues of power and domination. -All of the other answers ARE characteristics.
None of the other answers is correct
According to Depoe (citing O'Brien), which of the following is NOT a criterion for assessing the health of the public sphere? -Accessible forums and sources of information -Clear and agreed upon rules of engagement -Ability to influence decisions -None of the other answers is correct
presence
According to Depoe (citing Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca), ________________ is the displaying of certain elements on which a speaker wishes to center attention in order that they may occupy the foreground of the hearer's consciousness. -salience -presence -presentational rhetoric -discursive rhetoric
constitutive rhetoric
According to Depoe, "From the hood to the holler," the campaign message of Kentucky Democratic Senatorial candidate Charles Booker, is a good example of __________________. -interpellation -third persona -intersectionality -constitutive rhetoric
ideographs
According to Depoe, <freedom> and <democracy> are examples of ____________________. -articulations -antagonisms -devil terms -ideographs
mechanist
According to Depoe, Bitzer's theory of "rhetorical situation" illustrates which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -mechanism -formism -contextualism -organicism
contextualism, mechanism
According to Depoe, Burke presents of hybrid ontology combining ______________ and __________________. -contextualism, formism -formism, organicism -formism, mechanism -contextualism, mechanism
dramatic pentad
According to Depoe, Burke's concept of _______________ helps to account for why people do what they do and how they explain what they do. -frame of acceptance -identification -transcendence -dramatistic pentad
spectacle or ritual?
According to Depoe, Cincinnati's annual Labor Day weekend fireworks celebration is a good example of _______________. -ritual -totem -spectacle -imagined community
second persona
According to Depoe, Coach Herb Brooks' message to the 1980 U. S. Men's hockey team that they were the best team in the Olympics and was capable of upsetting the heavily favored Soviet hockey team illustrates the concept of ______________________. -persona -second persona -third persona -subject position
contextualism
According to Depoe, the semantic triangle concept and its application reflects which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -mechanism -formism -organicisim -contextualism
political elections
According to Depoe, Critical Theory holds that the superstructure maintains order through multiple sources of power. Which of the following is NOT one of those sources? -political elections -repressive state apparatus -ideology -hegemony
decolonizing the curriculum
According to Depoe, Critical Theory is compatible with what other topic presented in the Intro to Rhetorical Theory class? -decolonizing the curriculum -General Semantics movement -symbolic interactionism -five canons of Classical rhetoric
Frankfort Institute for Social Research
According to Depoe, Critical Theory originated where? -Soviet Politburo in Moscow -London School of Economics -Frankfort Institute for Social Research -Sorbonne in Paris
scientific, cultural
According to Depoe, Critical Theory was characterized by a movement from _________________ Marxism to _______________ Marxism. -Materialist, Relativist -Scientific, Cultural -Soviet, European -Economic, Social
public shere
According to Depoe, DeLuca & Peeples (2003) offer a contemporary alternative to what rhetorical concept? -constitutive rhetoric -public sphere -identification -presentational rhetoric
image events
According to Depoe, Delicath & DeLuca define ________________ as staged acts of protest designed for media dissemination. -image events -photo opportunities -presentational rhetoric -public screens
Habermas' public sphere
According to Depoe, Gramsci's depiction of civil society resembles a similar concept in what other theory presented in class? -Burke's dramatistic pentad -Richards' semantic triangle -Habermas' public sphere -Mead's universe of discourse
structural, normative
According to Depoe, Habermas' theory of the public sphere is ________________ and ________________. -structural, normative -political, ideological -historical, cultural -symbolic, material
mechanism
According to Depoe, Korzybski's theory of general semantics reflects which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -mechanism -formism -contextualism -organicism
organicist
According to Depoe, Langer's theory of presentational rhetoric illustrates which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -organicism -mechanism -formism -contextualism
false consciousness
According to Depoe, Marx associated ideology with _______________. -false consciousness -class consciousness -politics -dialectical materialism
class consciousness
According to Depoe, Marx referred to the workers' awareness of their own subject position within capitalist society as ____________________. -false consciousness -class consciousness -intersectionality -imagined community
materialism
According to Depoe, Marxism is grounded in _____________, an ontology in which it is believed that real physical objects or conditions give rise to culture and shape human experience. -materialism -socialism -capitalism -collectivism
contextualism
According to Depoe, Mead's theory of symbolic-interactionism reflects which view of reality (ONTOLOGY)? -mechanism -formism -contextualism -organicism
Semantic triangle
According to Depoe, Ogden & Richards are best known for what contribution to 20th Century rhetorical theory? -semantic triangle -Basic English project -statement "words don't mean, people mean" -defining rhetoric as the study of misunderstanding and its remedies
contextualist
According to Depoe, Vatz's critique of Bitzer's theory reflects which view of reality (ontology)? -mechanism -organicism -formism -contextualism
authority over
According to Depoe, Webster's dictionary defines "power" as the control, influence, or ____________________ others. -authority over -cooperation with -separation from -none of the other answers is correct
power-over
According to Depoe, ________________ is the authority relationship in which one party has the ability to dictate or control the actions of another party. -power-over -power-with -smart power -soft power
truthiness
According to Depoe, ________________ is the quality of preferring concepts or facts one wishes to be true, rather than concepts or facts known to be true. -myth -truthiness -coherence -fidelity
power-with
According to Depoe, _________________ is the authority relationship that emphasizes interdependence and community action as a way of acting for the good of the whole. -power-over -power-with -smart power -hard power
salience
According to Depoe, __________________ is the persuasive effect of rhetoric that generates top-of-mind importance for the receiver of a message. -salience -presence -identification -verification
conspiracies
According to Depoe, ___________________ can provide stories that are incredibly coherent but totally off-base. -myths -conspiracies -novels -rhetoric
symbolic interactionism
According to Depoe, ___________________ includes the principle that the meanings people give to things and events are derived from or arise from interactions we have. -general semantics -rhetorical situation -presentational rhetoric -symbolic interactionism
image
According to Depoe, ___________________ is the presentation of identity that an individual or group would like others to associate with them; it is also known as our "face" or "brand." -self -reputation -identification -image
reputation
According to Depoe, ____________________ is the perception others have about an individual, related to trust, credibility, character, and past behavior. -self -identity -image -reputation
memory
According to Depoe, ____________________ is the rhetorical driver behind various cultural rituals and practices associated with honoring the dead. -memory -enactment -presence -imagined community
ideographs
According to Depoe, _____________________ are one-term summaries of an orientation, words or phrases that suggest ideological commitments. -frames -articulations -ideographs -antagonisms
intersectionality
According to Depoe, ______________________ is a theoretical framework for understanding how aspects of a person's social and political identities (race, sex, gender expression and identity, class, religion, etc.) combine to create unique modes of discrimination and privilege. -intersectionality -consubstantiality -symbolic interactionism -identification
imagined community
According to Depoe, _______________________ are formed by popular allegiance to shared norms, even if individuals sharing these norms have no concrete relationship with one another. -coalitions -subject positions -imagined communities -personas
vertification
According to Depoe, a "photo finish" in a horse race illustrates which persuasive element of visual images? -verification -perspective -story-telling -condensation symbol
rampike
According to Depoe, a dead tree found in a liminal ecosystem between salt and freshwater sources is a(n) ______________. -rampike -emblem -natural sign -cairn
hostile design
According to Depoe, a park bench constructed so as to deter individuals from sleeping on it is an example of ________________. -signification -hostile design -public space -dis-interpellation
cairn
According to Depoe, a(n) _______________ is a way-finding trail marker comprised of a pile of rocks. -rampike -emblem -natural sign -cairn
frames are metaphors
According to Depoe, all metaphors are frames, but not all _____________________. -frames are metaphors -cultures use frames -frames are equally powerful -people are susceptible to frames
perspective-by-incongruity
According to Depoe, articulation is similar to what concept found in Kenneth Burke's rhetorical theory? -identification -pentad -transcendence -perspective-by-incongruity
public
According to Depoe, citing Warner, a community summoned or constituted via discourse (such as peuple Quebecois or Steeler nation) is an example of __________. -the public -a public -public -public modality
a public
According to Depoe, citing Warner, a concrete audience gathered for a specific event or performance, such as Opening Day of the Cincinnati Reds MLB season, is an example of ______________. -the public -a public -public -public modality
critical theory, rhetorical praxis
According to Depoe, critical rhetoric equals _____________ plus __________________. -ideographs, articulations -Critical Theory, rhetorical praxis -ideology, hegemony -domination, freedom
domination
According to Depoe, critical rhetoric's focus on inclusion and exclusion and on who decides what and how resources are allocated is termed by McKerrow as the critique of __________________. -freedom -domination -power -rhetoric
composition of letters
According to Depoe, during the Medieval period, the focus of rhetorical education was administrative, illustrated by training in ars dictaminis, translated as __________________. -presenting battle plans -composing letters -writing proclamations -organizing sermons
rhetorical text
According to Depoe, haircuts, tattoos, body paint, and piercings are all examples of the human body as _________________. -image event -rhetorical text -physical motion -articulation
political science
According to Depoe, imagined communities is a concept borrowed from what academic field? -philosophy -English -political science -social psychology
bear witness
According to Depoe, impromptu memorials that make sacred particular places where tragedies occur (such as the mural painted near the site in Minneapolis where police murdered George Floyd) fulfill what rhetorical purpose? -bear witness -constitute a community -heal and forgive -affirm dominant order
dominant?
According to Depoe, in iconic photographs the ________________ reading or interpretation prevails. -dominant -negotiated -oppositional -subliminal
archetypal metaphors
According to Depoe, light and darkness, the sun, heat and cold, and the cycle of the seasons are examples of ___________________. -terministic screens -frames -entailments -archetypal metaphors
rhetorical ecology
According to Depoe, material rhetoric is produced within a ___________________ of preceding material events and conditions, relations of production, and social interactions. -rhetorical ecology -visual culture -public sphere -cultural geography
dehumanization
According to Depoe, metaphors that compare human beings to vermin, disease, or animals are examples of metaphors of ______________________. -association -cultural appropriation -memory -dehumanization
not monolithic
According to Depoe, one of Gramsci's unique contributions to Critical Theory was his claim that hegemony was ____________________. -revolutionary -spread through mis-information -not monolithic -associated with class consciousness
voluntary consent
According to Depoe, one of Gramsci's unique contributions to Critical Theory was his claim that many aspects of the dominant order are maintained through _____________. -coercion -rewards -voluntary consent -legitimation
welfare state
According to Depoe, paraphrasing Crossman and Mathur, the superstructure maintains order through multiple sources of power. Which of the following is NOT one of those sources? -repressive state apparatus -ideology -hegemony -welfare state
light bulb
According to Depoe, people often associate male genius with the metaphor of _______________. -a light bulb -a seed or plant -a machine -fire
story-telling
According to Depoe, photos taken in 1968 during the train trip from California to the East Coast that transported the body of slain political figure Robert Kennedy to its final resting place illustrate which persuasive element of visual images? -verification -perspective -story-telling -condensation symbol
rhetorical
According to Depoe, power is __________________. -rhetorical -relational -relative -renewable
modalities
According to Depoe, public ___________________ involve(s) alternative forms and formats of participation—including art, poetry, drama—as ways individuals and groups can engage with social issues. -activism -spheres -modalities -strategies
remembering and forgetting
According to Depoe, public memory involves the strategic _____________________ of a people's past through a variety of rituals, practices, and places. -transformation -preservation -remembering and forgetting -memorialization
bourgeois public sphere
According to Depoe, revolutionary movements in the British colonies of North America, in France, and elsewhere, spurred on by the emergence of civil society, occurred during which historical act in Habermas' account of the evolution of the public sphere? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of the public sphere -internet and public sphere
soft power
According to Depoe, rhetorical concepts of identification and imagined communities are examples of the application of __________________. -hard power -soft power -smart power -informational power
mediated
According to Depoe, symbols _________________ human experience. -describe -reflect -mediate -transcend
totem
According to Depoe, the Pittsburgh Steelers' "terrible towel" is an example of a(n) ____________________. -ritual -totem -spectacle -imagined community
preserve public memory of the Civil War as a noble lost cause
According to Depoe, the Robert E. Lee statue in Richmond VA was erected in 1890 as part of a surge of monuments and memorials unveiled throughout the South over the next three decades in order to ________. -further the cause of peace and reconciliation between North and South -encourage local tourism -preserve public memory of the Civil War as a noble lost cause -reinforce policies passed during Reconstruction
community
According to Depoe, the Robert E. Lee statue in Richmond, VA has become the site of symbolic transgression including the addition of ______________ on the site. -graffiti -community gardens -hiking trails -park benches
cultural idiom
According to Depoe, the Russian expression "to ride without a hare" (meaning to travel without a ticket) is an example of a(n) ______________________. -frame -cultural idiom -euphemism -Terministic screen
persona
According to Depoe, the _____________________ is the speaker's attempt to present an identity or role for themselves in a particular rhetorical encounter. -persona -second persona -third persona -subject position
reward
According to Depoe, the ability of your boss to either promote you or give you a bonus, or withhold hours or terminate your employment, illustrates which source of social power? -coercive -reward -legitimate -referent
third persona
According to Depoe, the absence of murdered Louisville resident and black woman Breonna Taylor's name in the Kentucky Attorney General and grand jury indictment against Louisville police officer Brett Hankison is an example of _______________________. -persona -second persona -third persona -subject position
social capital
According to Depoe, the clout or "juice" that a well-connected community like Indian Hill brings to bear to prevent the siting of a hazardous waste facility in their neighborhood is an example of __________________. -civil society -civic engagement -social capital -publicity
symbolic interactionalism
According to Depoe, the concepts of metaphors, frames, and screens are grounded in what broader framework for understanding rhetorical theory? -symbolic interactionism -mythic criticism -rhetorical situation -dramatism
refeudalization of the public sphere
According to Depoe, the corporate take-over of media interests, including vertical integration of media entities and the merger of news and entertainment, occurred during which historical act in Habermas' account of the evolution of the public sphere? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of the public sphere -internet and public sphere
common spectatorship
According to Depoe, the daily stream of images in public media defines a(n) __________________ in which all viewers in a culture seem to see the same things. -image event -public screen -visual culture -common spectatorship
smart power
According to Depoe, the expression "speak softly but carry a big stick" illustrates ________________. -hard power -soft power -smart power -social power
consubstantiality
According to Depoe, the goal of identification is _________________. -interpellation -consubstantiality -Intersectionality -persuasion
newsworthiness
According to Depoe, the key driver of journalistic editorial practice is _____________________. -visual impact -newsworthiness -technological innovation -economics
ritual
According to Depoe, the performance of "Script Ohio" by the Ohio State University marching band prior to the start of each home football game is an example of a ____________________. -ritual -totem -spectacle -imagined community
subject position
According to Depoe, the place where an individual chooses to stand in order to encounter the world in various situations or contexts is that person's ________________. -subject position -self -image -reputation
Remembrance Day
According to Depoe, the red poppy emblem placed on the kit of a Chelsea FC football player is meant to signify ________________. -Remembrance Day -Champions League status -Black Lives Matter solidarity -team captain designation
disarticulation
According to Depoe, the rejection of the term "student athlete" to describe college football players in favor of the term "student laborer" illustrates what rhetorical strategy associated with critical rhetoric? -perspective-by-incongruity -disarticulation -antagonism -hegemony
presentational public sphere
According to Depoe, the royal court of Louis XIV in Versailles occurred during which historical act in Habermas' account of the evolution of the public sphere? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of public sphere -internet and public sphere
perspective
According to Depoe, the sports photo referred to as "the catch" illustrates which persuasive element of visual images? -verification -perspective -story-telling -condensation symbol
leverage
According to Depoe, the strategy of applying a certain kind of action or pressure from a critical stance in order to produce a much larger result or force is _______________. -social capital -leverage -strategic action -communicative action
perspective-by-incongruity
According to Depoe, what is the remedy prescribed for terministic screens, according to the theorist who coined the term and illustrated through humor and satire? -parody -perspective-by-incongruity -euphemism -linguistic reflexivity
symbol
According to Depoe, what part of the semantic triangle helps us isolate the misunderstanding that arises when sports teams and fans appropriate versions of Native American heritage in their mascots and rituals? -symbol -referent -reference -culture
Campbell
According to Depoe, which British theorist of the modern period promoted a theory of faculty psychology, which posited that persuasion works through appeals to different areas or faculties of the human mind (understanding, imagination, passions, will)? -Blair -Austin -Whately -Campbell
Ramus
According to Depoe, which Renaissance theorist proclaimed that "rhetoric is the handmaiden of logic (philosophy)," thus separating invention and organization of topics from rhetorical education for 200 years? -Machiavelli -Ramus -Castiglione -Blair
LeBron James
According to Depoe, which athlete's career has mirrored aspects of the myth of the hero's journey? -Tom Brady -Simone Biles -LeBron James -Tiger Woods
all of the other answers are correct
According to Depoe, which of the following developments was NOT part of the "linguistic turn" in the academy that occurred early in the 20th Century? -advent of psychology as an academic field -impacts of the Great War and subsequent failures of diplomacy -emergence of mass media -all of the other answers are correct
captures little-known or mundane events or moments
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of iconic photographs? -recognized by virtually everyone within a public culture -captures little-known or mundane events or moments -generates strong emotional identification and response -regularly reproduced or copied across a range of media, genres, and topics
all of the other answers are drivers
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a driver of contemporary visual culture? -everyone is becoming both a producer and consumer of images -ease of transmission and circulation of images via mediated networks -affordances of new technologies and new social media platforms -all of the other answers are drivers
all of the other answers are correct
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a frame that has been applied to the U. S. Women's National soccer team? -American heroes -gender equity advocates -spoiled sports -all of the other answers are correct
reward
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a type of soft power? -legitimate -referent -reward -expert
all of the other answers ARE vehicles
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT a vehicle for promoting hegemony within mainstream society? -socialization -appeal to common sense -voluntary compliance -all of the other answers ARE vehicles
timelessness
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT an element of the "newsworthiness" frame in journalism? -conflict -magnitude -proximity -timelessness
press conference
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT an element of the Greenpeace "mind bomb" approach that provided the model for image events? -press conference -staged event -locally generated media coverage (including self-produced) -multiple circulation channels
photo of flag
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT an example of material rhetoric? -flag folded over a coffin -flag pin -flag patch on uniform -photo of a flag
Langer's delineation between discursive and presentational rhetoric
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT part of the ontological foundation of material rhetoric? -Langer's delineation between discursive and presentational rhetoric -Kennedy's definition of rhetoric as energy -Burke's discussion of physical motion and symbolic action -Materialism drawn from Critical Theory
was a leader in the American Communist Party
According to Depoe, which of the following is NOT true about Kenneth Burke? -born in Pittsburgh PA -self-educated, spent a semester at Ohio State -worked in Greenwich Village as a poet and literary critic -was a leader in the American Communist Party
Barthes
According to Depoe, which of the following theorists did NOT have a major influence on Kenneth Burke? -Mead -Marx -Freud -Barthes
Vatz
According to Depoe, which of the following theorists held that meaning Is NOT intrinsic in events, contexts, or situations? -Bitzer -Vatz -Korzybski -none of the other answers are correct
Edbauer?
According to Depoe, which of the following theorists used terms "field," "flux," and "flow" to depict the relationship between rhetoric and situation? -Bitzer -Vatz -Edbauer -Mead
advent of the internet
According to Depoe, which of the following was NOT an impetus behind the publication of McKerrow's "critical rhetoric" essay in 1989? -advent of the internet -decline of Classical and formal approaches to rhetorical criticism -influx of ideas from European Critical Theorists -debate about standpoint of the critic
condensation symbol
According to Depoe, which persuasive element of visual images packs a lot of intense meaning into a single frame or video vignette, much like a tightly packed suitcase? -verification -perspective -story-telling -condensation symbol
dramtism
According to Depoe, which theoretical framework considers human experience as a struggle—for autonomy, companionship, resources—and rhetoric as the principal tool humans use to survive in an often-hostile environment? -narrative paradigm -dramatism -general semantics -symbolic interactionism
referent
According to French and Raven, _____________________ as a source of social power is rooted in the ability to influence others based on connections we make—personal, group, organizational. -informational -expert -referent -legitimate
civil society, political society
According to Gramsci, the superstructure within capitalist societies includes ________________ and _____________. -civil society, political society -bourgeoisie, proletariat -government, media -means of production, relations of production
maximize economic value and profit
According to Gramsci, the superstructure within capitalist societies manages operations within the base for what purpose? -maximize economic value and profit -improve product quality -expand political domain -all of the other answers are correct
communicative action
According to Habermas, _____________________ occurs when parties recognize that an utterance is subject to criteria of truth, appropriateness, and sincerity. -communicative action -strategic action -an ideal speech situation -civic engagement
strategic action
According to Habermas, _______________________ occurs when parties are interested more in achieving their own goals than in mutual understanding. -Communicative action -strategic action -an ideal speech situation -civic engagement
consensus
According to Habermas, a healthy functioning public sphere will tend to move public opinion toward _________ on major issues over time. -consensus -conflict -civic engagement -polarization
moral grandstanding
According to Haidt & Rose-Stockwell, _______________ refers to the use of extreme moral talk in on-line environments to enhance our prestige—and lower the prestige of others—in order to get noticed. -moral grandstanding -slacktivism -leverage -civic engagement
2009
According to Haidt & Rose-Stockwell, in what year did Twitter add a "retweet" function that allowed for frictionless spread of content? -2006 -2009 -2013 -2014
Madison
According to Haidt & Rose-Stockwell, which Founding leader of America warned about the emergence of factions? -Hamilton -Madison -Jefferson -Adams
normative
According to Horkheimer (as cited by Depoe and Crossman), Critical Theory should be explanatory, practical, and ____________________. -revolutionary -economic -cultural -normative
hyphens
According to Korzybski, _______________ is/are used to unite terms previously separated by Aristotelian logic. -Etc. -hyphens -indexing -chain indexing
highlight, suppress
According to Lakoff & Johnson, metaphors _______________ some features and _________________ others. -exaggerate, embellish -highlight, suppress -target, offset -darken, lighten
entailments
According to Lakoff & Johnson, metaphors generate ________________________, vocabularies of words and associated meanings linked together via the central metaphorical idea. -frames -entailments -screens -perceptions
metaphorical
According to Lakoff & Johnson, our conceptual system is fundamentally _________________. -metaphorical -experiential -psychological -structural
random
According to Lakoff & Johnson, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of humans' metaphor use? -ordinary -pervasive -automatic -random
Discursive rhetoric
According to Langer, ________________ is characterized by the linear, discrete, and successive order of words. -presentational rhetoric -discursive rhetoric -human expression -general semantics
emotional nature
According to Langer, language is a very poor medium for expressing our ________________. -self-concept -emotional nature -generalized other -verifiable ideas
Is bound by rules of grammar, syntax, and usage
According to Langer, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of presentational rhetoric? -Conveys more information than can be conveyed via discursive representation -Is bound by rules of grammar, syntax, and usage -Presents elements simultaneously instead of sequentially -Is understood through discovering meaning of the whole
superstructure
According to Marx, the segment of capitalist societies that includes political, cultural, and religious institutions, along with the social consciousness of the masses, is the ____________. -base -superstructure -bourgeoisie -proletariat
Base
According to Marx, the segment of capitalist societies that includes the actual practices, processes, and products of the economy is the _______________. -base -superstructure -bourgeoisie -proletariat
narration
According to McIntyre, the unity of self is based on the unity of __________________ that connects birth to life to death. -experience -symbolic -action -culture -narration
what critics do
According to McKerrow (as cited by Depoe), "critical rhetoric is ____________________." -situational -administrative -what critics do -revolutionary
self
According to Mead, ________________ is created through the ability to reflect on ourselves as objects. -mind -self -society -generalized other
generalized other
According to Mead, _________________ is the perception we have of how others see us. -generalized other -significant other -"I" -"me"
"I"
According to Mead, ___________________ is the unpredictable, impulsive aspect of humans as organisms responding to their environment. -generalized other -significant other -"I" -"me"
universe of discourse
According to Mead, ____________________ is the ability to use significant symbols, words that have shared meanings. -mind -self -society -universe of discourse
universe of discourse
According to Mead, _____________________ is the system of meanings built upon a vocabulary of significant symbols that are developed and utilized by a particular group or community. -mind -self -society -universe of discourse
George Custer
According to Rhetoric in Civic Life, who was the U. S. solider whose fateful raid into Lakota Sioux territory in what is now South Dakota led to the dedication of a site now known as Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument? -Joseph Hooker -Ulysses S. Grant -George Custer -Phillip Sheridan
communism
According to Richard Weaver, _________________ was considered a "devil term" in the 1950s. -Communism -cancer -pollution -Great Depression
personal taste or preference
According to Richards, which of the following is NOT a source of miscommunication via metaphor? -taking metaphors literally -lack of cultural understanding or awareness -personal taste or preference -mixed metaphors
language habits
According to Sapir (quoted by Depoe), "The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the ___________________ of the group." -geographic proximity -demographic characteristics -language habits -personal experiences
salience
According to Vatz, the selection or highlighting of particular aspects of experience is called _____________________. -salience -semantics -generalized other -indexing
all of the other answers are correct
According to the Time magazine article by Kluger (2017), as cited by Depoe, what dividends can effective story-telling provide for the story-tellers? -improving chances of being chosen as social partner -receiving more community support -having healthier offspring -all of the other answers are correct
corporate contributions to political campaigns
According to the World Bank, which of the following is NOT a pillar or structural requirement for a functioning public sphere? -civil liberties -free, independent, and diverse media system -corporate contributions to political campaigns -access to public information
all of the other answers are actors
According to the World Bank, which of the following is NOT an actor in the public sphere? -non-governmental organizations (NGOs) -public officials -corporations and other private actors -all of the other answers are actors
Transcendence
Appeals to enact a carbon tax to fund alternative energy sources "for the sake of future generations" is an example of ________________________. -identification -terministic screens -perspective-by-incongruity -transcendence
symbolic universe
As cited by Depoe, Cassirer asserts that <man> lives in a _____________________ made up of language, myth, art, and religion. -historical context -rhetorical ecology -symbolic universe -cultural millieu
bodies
As explained by Depoe, the Pittsburgh Steelers' "terrible towel," an FC Cincinnati fan scarf, and a pussy hat worn by individuals participating in the 2017 Women's March, are all examples of ___________________. -rituals -totems -spectacles -bodies
all of the other answers are critiques of Burke's theory
As explained by Depoe, which of the following is NOT a critique of Burke's rhetorical theory? -too much emphasis on conflict and competition -too much jargon -assumes Western, patriarchal view of human motivations -all of the other answers are critiques of Burke's theory
Frederick Barnard
As found through a Google search, who is widely attributed with authoring the famous statement, "A picture is worth a thousand words"? -Andy Warhol -Confucius -Ralph Lauren -Frederick Barnard
solysemic
As presented in Rhetoric in Civic Life, which of the following is NOT one of the possible interpretations or readings of mediated texts outlined by Stuart Hall? -dominant -negotiated -oppositional -polysemic
exigence, utterance
Bitzer defines rhetorical situation as a natural context of persons, events, objects, and relations, and a(n) __________ which strongly invites ______________. -exigence, utterance -message, definition -audience, action -identity, expression
Aristotle
Bitzer's theory of rhetorical situation most closely resembles the rhetorical theory of which individual whom we have studied in class? -Aristotle -Plato -Richards -Mead
ideology
Borchers & Hundley define ________________ as an interrelated system of meanings that are generated by the system of artifacts that comprise a culture. -ideology -hegemony -superstructure -frame of acceptance
Linguistic reflexivity
Borchers & Hundley define ___________________ as the intellectual orientation that entails constant reflection on the forces of language as they are at work in what one hears and what one speaks. -general semantics -symbolic interactionism -linguistic reflexivity -presentational rhetoric
action, motion
Burke believed that ___________________ could not be reduced to ___________________. -identity, demographics -the self, psychology -action, motion -rhetoric, symbols
action, motion
Burke believed that there can be no ______________ without _______________________. -action, motion -motion, action -rhetoric, motives -consubstantiality, identification
root term
Burke calls the controlling term in a pentadic ratio the ______________. -motive -root term -circumference -none of the other answers is correct
dramatism
Burke coins the term _____________________ to encompass the study of human relations with a focus on how our symbolic choices illuminate our motives. -rhetoric -logology -dramatism -symbolic interactionism
frame of acceptance
Burke defined ______________________ as the more or less organized system of meanings by which a thinking person gauges the historical situation and prepares a response to it. -the pentad -identification -constitutive rhetoric -frame of acceptance
symbol
Burke defines _____________________ as the verbal parallel to a pattern of experience. -symbol -ratio -identification -rhetoric
physical motion
Burke referred to the realm of material reality as ______________. -symbolic action -physical motion -frame of acceptance -dramatism
symbolic action
Burke refers to the realm of human creation of meaning via words, images, gestures, etc. as ________________________. -dramatism -frame of acceptance -physical motion -symbolic action
separated from their natural condition by instruments of their own making
Central air conditioning is an example of which clause in Burke's definition of <hu>man? -inventor of the Negative -separated from their natural condition by instruments of their own making -goaded by the spirit of hierarchy -rotten with perfection
public modalities
Cincinnati-area non-profit organization Word Play's exhibition of street art presenting various visualizations of the "Black Lives Matter" movement is an example of ______________. -public modalities -leverage -legitimation -strategic action
rose-colored glasses
Depoe illustrates the concept of terministic screen via the metaphoric image of _____________________. -rose-colored glasses -a picture frame -glass half-full and glass half-empty -two magazine cover photos of O. J. Simpson
civic engagement
Data from groups like Sierra Club and Greenpeace concerning attendance at public hearings illustrates the concept of _________________. -civil society -civic engagement -social capital -publicity
Vatz
Depoe asserts that Entman's delineation of the four functions of frames is similar to whose views on rhetoric and situation? -Bitzer -Vatz -Edbauer -Burke
Korzybski
Depoe asserts that __________________ may be seen as a 20th Century Aristotelian in their efforts to observe and classify language uses with precision. -Ogden & Richards -Korzybski -Mead -Langer
Belarus
Depoe cited political unrest and public demonstrations after a rigged election in __________________ to illustrate the concept of legitimation crisis. -Belarus -Ukraine -Venezuela -Nigeria
antagonism
Depoe cites claims from groups like Extinction Rebellion asserting that capitalism is self-destructing as it destroys the environment at an increasingly rapid rate is an example of ______________________. -antagonism -articulation -hegemony -ideology
counter-hegemony
Depoe cites the "Black Power" salute during the 1968 Summer Olympics and Colin Kaepernick's kneeling protests during the National Anthem prior to 2016 National Football League games as examples of ___________. -civic engagement -counter-hegemony -articulation -false consciousness
simultaneity
Depoe compares the condensation symbol as a rhetorical element of visual images to what other concept from contemporary rhetorical theory? -simultaneity -identification -imagined community -public screen
Korzybski
Depoe contrasts Bakhtin's theory of discourse as polysemic with the views of what other rhetorical theorist? -Langer -Korzybski -Booth -Burke
counter-hegemony
Depoe defines _______________ as behaviors or messages from an oppressed minority presenting an alternative perspective that is usually rejected at first by the dominant order. -articulation -antagonism -counter-hegemony -false consciousness
articulation
Depoe defines __________________ as the speaking forth of elements (ideas, concepts, images, bodies) and linking elements in a way that modifies their character such that they are understood as being spoken anew. -ideograph -articulation -antagonism -ideology
antagonism
Depoe defines ___________________ as the recognition of the limits of a prevailing or dominant idea in a culture or community. -ideology -articulation -hegemony -antagonism
legitimation
Depoe defines ____________________ as public trust in the decision-making process and willingness to abide by the outcome of the deliberation. -social capital -civic engagement -leverage -legitimation
visual rhetoric
Depoe defines ____________________ as the strategic display of images (still or moving) in order to communicate a persuasive message through pragmatic and/or constitutive modes or functions -discursive rhetoric -material rhetoric -visual rhetoric -constitutive rhetoric
legitimation crisis
Depoe defines _____________________ as the widespread belief that an institution or government does not have the capability to or interest in achieving their goals and serving the public interest. -social capital -civic -engagement -legitimation crisis -leverage
synchronic
Depoe describes how ideographs appear in texts, including placement, repetition, and linkages to other ideographs, as their ________________ dimension. -synchronic -diachronic -ideological -material
diachronic
Depoe describes how ideographs reference prior documents, events, people, and heritage within a community as their ___________________ dimension. -synchronic -diachronic -ideological -material
archetypal metaphor
Depoe draws a similarity between the universality of the myth of the hero's journey and what other rhetorical concept? -universe of discourse -rhetorical situation -dramatistic pentad -archetypal metaphor
Hurricane Katrina
Depoe illustrated the concept of terministic screen from presenting contrasting photos and captions taken of ___________________. -Hurricane Katrina survivors -President Trump's MAGA rally -U. S. Women's National soccer team -a previous Depoe classroom
myth
Depoe presents "the American dream"—the idea that America is a favored nation that allows opportunities for everyone to be successful through hard work—to illustrate a(n) _________________. -ideology -myth -fable -false consciousness
rhetoric focuses on naming
Depoe presents a contrast between referring to the COVID-19 pandemic as "the Chinese plague" and "a mass casualty event" to illustrate which principle of critical rhetoric? -Rhetoric focuses on naming -Rhetoric is material -Rhetoric is polysemic -Rhetoric is doxastic
intersectionality
Depoe presents the focus on women's oppression around the world, expansion of global climate change movement to include persons of color, and the expansion of "Black Lives Matter" to focus on transgender persons of color, to illustrate the concept of ______________________. -interpellation -intersectionality -identification -imagined communities
monomyth
Depoe refers to a narrative of the "hero's journey" that is found in most times, places, cultures, and communities as a ____________________. -fantasy theme -monomyth -polyphonic novel -dramatistic pentad
transgression
Depoe refers to behavior that calls attention to and violates existing norms as a way of expressing personal autonomy or political opposition as ________________. -enactment -compliance -transgression -interpellation
photo opportunities
Depoe refers to events that are staged by public officials with backdrops that provide a frame for a positive message as _______________________. -photo opportunities -image events -public screens -public modalities
slacktivism
Depoe refers to the tendency of some people to mistake digital engagement with concrete political activism as ___________________. -social capital -publicity -leverage -slacktivism
screens
Depoe suggests that we should move from "symbols mediate our reality" to "_________________ mediate our reality." -identities -screens -materials -images
common ground
Depoe used the example of former Kansas Senator Bob Dole addressing his constituents by sharing "I grew up on a farm like you" to illustrate which strategy of identification? -common ground -antithesis -assumed "we" -paradox of substance
ideographs
Depoe uses < > punctuation marks to demarcate _________________. -ideologies -ideographs -articulations -antagonisms
Vatz
Depoe uses divergent views held by political candidates about the urgency of climate change as a human-caused problem to be addressed to illustrate the rhetorical theory of _______________________. -Bitzer -Vatz -Korzybski -Mead
assumed "we"
Depoe uses examples drawn from corporate communication and human resources on-boarding to illustrate which strategy of identification? -common ground -antithesis -assumed "we" -paradox of substance
antithesis
Depoe uses the example of U. C. rallying its fan base to cheer against arch-rival Xavier University to illustrate which strategy of identification? -common ground -antithesis -assumed "we" -paradox of substance
Coleridge
Depoe uses the example of __________________ to illustrated Burke's insight that works of art do something for the artist as well as the audience. -Coleridge -Van Gogh -Poe -Emerson
significant symbols
Depoe uses the example of a cyclist's hand signals in traffic to illustrate Mead's concept of ______________. -mind -significant symbols -generalized other -universe of discourse
generated by a system of artifacts
Depoe uses the examples of the U. S. and Confederate flags to illustrate which aspect of ideology? -system of meanings -generated by a system of artifacts -that comprise a culture or community -that produce spontaneous consent
Edbauer
Depoe uses the impact of the "Bo Knows" ad campaign from Nike to illustrate which theorist's approach to rhetoric and situation? -Bitzer -Vatz -Edbauer -Mead
Dodger Stadium?
Depoe uses what stadium as an example of material rhetoric as artifact? -Fenway Park -Dodger Stadium -Wrigley Field -Great American Ballpark
public screen
Drawing on the work of DeLuca & Peeples, Depoe defines _______________ as the constant and networked circulation of symbolic action enabled by new media technologies. -public screen -affordance -visual culture -image event
Austin TX
Edbauer illustrates the concept of rhetorical ecologies through a case study from __________________. -Austin, Texas -Portland, Oregon -Los Angeles, California -Montpelier, Vermont
rhetorical ecologies
Edbauer presents a theoretical framework she calls ___________________ that recontextualizes rhetorics in their temporal, historical, and lived fluxes. -rhetorical situation -rhetorical ecologies -general semantics -symbolic interactionism
fractured paradigm
Entman refers to framing as a(n) ____________________. -fractured paradigm -metaphor -artistic talent -part of human cognition
narrative paradigm
Fisher asserts that humans are born into a way of seeing the world that he terms the _______________________. -logic of good reasons -narrative paradigm -rational-world paradigm -monomyth
rational-world paradigm
Fisher asserts that humans learn a logical-analytical way of apprehending, understanding, and responding to the world, a way that he calls _____________________. -logic of good reasons -narrative paradigm -rational-world paradigm -monomyth
coherence
Fisher labels as ____________________ the criterion for assessing narratives based n how well they hang together internally. -coherence -fidelity -plausibility -consequence
fidelity
Fisher labels as _____________________ the criterion for assessing narratives based on their correspondence to what we know to be true about the world outside the story. -coherence -fidelity -plausibility -consequence
identification
For Burke, the rhetorical strategy of ___________________ was based on fostering cooperation based on perceived sharing of substance. -identification -terministic screens -perspective-by-incongruity -transcendence
visual forms
For Langer, ______________________ present(s) constituent elements simultaneously, not successive or sequentially. -visual forms -metaphors -symbols -discursive rhetoric
deflection
Framing presents texts and images in ways that produce salience for the receiver. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways, according to Depoe? -placement -repetition -association -deflection
strategic action
Habermas would say that a sales pitch from a car dealership employee is an example of __________________. -civic engagement -strategic action -leverage -communicative action
hegemony
Gramsci defines ___________________ as spontaneous consent given by the great masses of the population to the general direction imposed on social life by the dominant fundamental group. -hegemony -ideology -articulation -power
counter-publics
Habermas critic Nancy Fraser posits the existence of _______________, multiple public spheres in which participants resist consensus or assimilation. -counter-publics -imagined communities -civil societies -factions
social capital
Habermas defines ________________ as the accumulation of resources of influence (money, power, access, etc.) by individuals and groups that participate in discussions in the public sphere. -civil society -civic engagement -social capital -publicity
publicity
Habermas defines _________________ as the circulation of ideas concerning public issues, accomplished primarily by media entities. -civil society -civic engagement -social capital -publicity
social capital
Habermas defines ____________________ as the individuals and groups that participate in the public sphere. -civil society -civic engagement -social capital -publicity
civic engagement
Habermas defines ________________________ as the amount of activity or participation by individuals and groups in discussions within the public sphere. -civil society -civic engagement -Social capital -publicity
scene-agent
If a student who fails the test claims that the classroom where the test was administered was too cold, making it impossible for her to concentrate, this explanation illustrates the __________________ ratio. -scene-agent -agent-act -purpose--agency -scene-agency
purpose-agency
If a student who fails the test claims that the professor intentionally created an unfair test because of his desire to fail students, this explanation illustrates the ___________ ratio. -purpose-agency -agent-act -scene-agency - scene-agent
ratio
In Burke's pentadic system, the _______________ reflects the relationship between any two elements in which the first term controls the second term. -frame of acceptance -circumference -ratio -symbolic action
chain-indexing
In Korzybski's system, the use of numbers or descriptors to delineate when the same object, thing, or phenomenon is known to be in different states is/are _________________. -indexing -chain indexing -dating -negative premises
terministic screens
In his lecture, Depoe uses the example of calling a group of students "slackers" to illustrate the concept of _______________. -terministic screens -frames -metaphors -constitutive rhetoric
modes
In the assigned essay "What is story?", Johnson refers to particular methods of story-telling such as first-person narration and linear sequencing as ________________. -genres -modes -frames -rhetorical acts
reference
In the semantic triangle, _________________ is the set of feelings or thoughts we hold toward what is being symbolized. -symbol -referent -reference -none of the other answers are correct
ground
In the statement "My love is a red, red, rose," the perceived similarity between "love" and "red, red, rose" is the ________________________________. -tenor -vehicle -ground -metaphor
vehicle
In the statement "Peter is a rock I can lean on," "rock" is the ___________________. -tenor -vehicle -ground -metaphor
tenor
In the statement "That test was a bear," "test" is the _________________. -tenor -vehicle -ground -metaphor
form
Kenneth Burke defined _______________________ as the arousal and fulfillment of desires or expectations. -rhetoric -symbolic action -form -identification
inevitable
Marx believed that a revolution by the workers was ______________ due to the inherent flaws of capitalism as an economic system. -impossible -inevitable -political -dialectical
proletariat
Marx defines the ___________________ as the workers or laborers within the capitalist economic system. -base -superstructure -bourgeoisie -proletariat
bourgeoisie
Marx defines the ____________________ as the owners or managers of the means of production in the capitalist economic system. -base -superstructure -bourgeoisie -proletariat
Plato
McKerrow's focus on the critique of freedom in critical rhetoric reminds Depoe of a similar idea from which figure from Classical rhetorical theory? -Gorgias -Plato -Aristotle -Cicero
stories
Paraphrasing McIntyre, Depoe asserts that ________________ have functioned as structural bedrocks of everyday human experience across time, place, and culture. -stories -frames -metaphors -symbols
Michigan
Political intimidation and threats of violence in what U. S. state were noted by Depoe to illustrate an unhealthy public sphere? -Oregon -Illinois -Michigan -New York
intersectional oppression
Resistance through asserting self-hood and building coalitions can be an effective response to _________________. -intersectional oppression -constitutive rhetoric -imagined communities -interpellation
Medieval
Rhetoric became entrenched in private education offered through church and court, with an administrative focus on imitation over innovation, during which period? -Classical -Medieval -Renaissance -Modern
Modern
Rhetoric was relegated to the study of the canons of style and delivery during which period? -Classical -Medieval -Renaissance -Modern
dis-interpellation
The "tank man" protester's decision to stand in front of a tank in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China illustrates _______________. -compliance -visual culture -hegemony -dis-interpellation
referent
When I tell you my dog's name is Goober, the dog as an object fits which element of the semantic triangle? -symbol -referent -reference -none of the other answers are correct
Elocutionary
The ________________________ Movement focused on the science of delivery, including bodily movements and gestures and control of one's voice and articulation. -Belletristic -Elocutionary -Epistemological -Ramist
Basic English Project
The ________________________ was an effort to develop a common 850-word vocabulary that could be used by anyone to reduce misunderstanding. -Basic English project -General Semantics movement -universe of discourse -semantic triangle
Vatz
The bumper sticker "A crisis on your part does not constitute an emergency on my part" illustrates the rhetorical theory of _________________. -Bitzer -Vatz -Korzybski -Edbauer
polyphony
The concept of __________________ suggests that multiple interpretations of texts are possible as readers attend to and position different voices within the larger whole. -polyphony -dialogue -heteroglossia -polysemy
Soviet Union
The effort to capture photo evidence of brutal whaling practices of fishermen from what country led to the creation of Greenpeace's "mind bomb" approach to social protest? -Canada -Japan -Soviet Union -United States
legitimation crisis
The efforts of individuals and groups to storm the U. S. Capitol on January 6, 2021 in order to stop the Constitutional authorization of Electoral College votes for President of the United States illustrate which concept from Habermas' rhetorical theory? -communicative action -ideal speech situation -legitimation crisis -public modalities
English
The first professional academic association in the U. S. devoted to the study of public speaking arose out of which traditional field of study? -philosophy -English -drama -political science
imagined communities
The formation of sports fan groups like "Steeler Nation" is an example of _____________________. -consubstantiality -imagined communities -Intersectionality -ritual
deflects reality
The idea that symbols we use direct our attention toward some things and away from others, creating blind spots and things we don't understand, represents what part of the terministic screen concept? -Reflects reality -Selects reality -Deflects reality -None of the other answers are correct
reflect reality
The idea that symbols we use to interpret any situation are drawn from our own unique set of past experiences and cultural millieu represents what part of the terministic screen concept? -reflects reality -selects reality -deflects reality -none of the other answers is correct
Quebec
The independence movement within which Canadian province served as the case study in Charland's article describing the concept of constitutive rhetoric? -Newfoundland -Ontario -British Columbia -Quebec
demetrication
The practice of obscuring like or share counts in social media spaces is _____________________. -cyber-bullying -moral grandstanding -demetrication -post flagging
euphemism
The statement "I've got to let you go" to express the termination of one's employment is a(n) _____________________. -euphemism -stereotype -terministic screen -frame
articulation
The statement "racism is a public health issue" is an example of a(n)_____________________. -ideograph -articulation -antagonism -ideology
repetitive
The verse-refrain-verse-refrain-bridge-refrain sequencing of popular songs is an example of what type of form, according to Burke? -syllogistic -qualitative -repetitive -conventional
the people
To illustrate the concept of constitutive rhetoric, Charland borrows from McGee's concept of _____________________, which is itself derived from documents like the U. S. Constitution. -ideology -legitimation -the people -imagined communities
myth
Vatz's critique of Bitzer's theory is presented in an article entitled "The _________________ of the rhetorical situation." -problem -myth -demise -future
Crown the Queen bicycle trail network
What Cincinnati-area initiative was held up by Depoe as an example of a healthy public sphere in action? -CVG airport expansion -Crown the Queen bicycle trail network -Cincinnati Banks project -Washington Park renovation
Greenpeace
What activist organization developed the "mind bomb" approach to social protest starting with staged image events during the 1970s? -Earth First! -Greenpeace -People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) -Act Up
blue jeans
What product was being advertised in the "Made in Bangladesh" example presented in Rhetoric in Civic Life and Depoe's lecture? -blue jeans -skin care -hair shampoo -none of the other answers is correct
Fisher
What rhetorical scholar has attempted to use narrative theory to bolster a case for the logic of good reasons? -Booth -Burke -Fisher -Langer
goaded by the spirit of hierarchy
When an employee joins a company and immediately moves to secure a promotion, which part of Burke's definition of <hu>man is illustrated? -inventor of the Negative -separated from their natural condition by instruments of their own making -goaded by the spirit of hierarchy -rotten with perfection
reference
When my friend calls me "four eyes," my nickname in high school, that moniker fits which element of the semantic triangle? -symbol -referent -reference -none of the other answers are correct
Laclau and Mouffe
Which Critical Theorist(s) argued that ideological terms are free-floating and not attached to any particular geographic location, tradition, or discourse? -McGee -Laclau and Mouffe -Jasinski -McKerrow
refeudalization of public sphere
Which act in Habermas' historical narrative about the public sphere is characterized by the decline of participation in voluntary associations, the alignment of news media outlets with corporate interests, and increased political polarization? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of public sphere -internet and public sphere
presentational public sphere
Which act in Habermas' historical narrative about the public sphere was characterized by lack of citizenship rights as well as control over information and decision-making apparatus held by church, royalty, and the landed elite? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of public sphere -internet and public sphere
bourgeois public sphere
Which act in Habermas' historical narrative about the public sphere was characterized by the rise of an educated managerial class, the advent of the news media industry, and the growth of unregulated discussions about social and governmental issues? -presentational public sphere -bourgeois public sphere -refeudalization of public sphere -internet and public sphere
agency
Which of the following elements of the pentad refers to the means by which an action is accomplished? -agent -act -agency -purpose
agent
Which of the following elements of the pentad refers to the person or organization committing the act? -agent -agency -scene -purpose
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following illustrates Bitzer's concept of constraints? -limited amount of time to respond -incomplete set of facts or information -previous statements made by the speaker -All of the other answers are correct
Presents constituents sequentially, not simultaneously.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of presentational rhetoric? -Presents constituents sequentially, not simultaneously. -Elements are understood only through the meaning of the whole. -Elements convey more information than can be conveyed through discursive rhetoric. -All of the other answers are characteristics.
All of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Habermas' public sphere theory, according to Depoe? -Posits "consensus" as goal of public deliberation instead of justice or empowerment -Puts too much faith in rules or processes that can be co-opted or slanted to favor the powerful -Does not account for alternative paths of political activism such as non-violent civil disobedience and strikes -All of the other answers are correct
Exigence, audience and constraints are present.
Which of the following is NOT a pre-requisite to the creation of Habermas' ideal speech situation? -Exigence, audience and constraints are present. -Communication between individuals is governed by basic, implied rules. -Participants operate in an atmosphere free of coercion. -Participants are motivated by desire to obtain consensus.
Reduce volume and circulation of information
Which of the following is NOT a reason provided by Depoe to support the claim that the internet and social media have enhanced the health of the public sphere? -Makes information about local conditions more widely available in real time -Reduce volume and circulation of information -Enhances ability to identify and mobilize civil society groups around common interests -Increases options for political participation
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT an example of "public" defined as a noun? -an undifferentiated group of people bounded by geography or political jurisdiction -a concrete audience gathered for an event or performance -a concept of community that comes into being in relation to texts and their circulation -all of the other answers are correct
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT an example of "public" defined as an adjective? -open or accessible to all in a group -done, perceived, or existing in open view -impacting immediate parties concerned -all of the other answers are correct
Alex Morgan "tea sipping" celebration, 2019
Which of the following is NOT identified by Depoe as an iconic photograph? -Iwo Jima flag-raising, 1945 -Earthrise, 1968 -Kent State grieving friend, 1970 -Alex Morgan "tea-sipping" celebration, 2019
All of the other answers are among Depoe's propositions
Which of the following is NOT one of Depoe's 5 propositions defining material rhetoric as a critical method or perspective? -Texts have materiality. -Materials do rhetorical work. -Material rhetoric has multiple consequences that can be predicted. -All of the other answers are among Depoe's propositions
Technological developments, as well as changes in religious institutions and political arrangements, gradually reduced access to rhetorical education over time.
Which of the following is NOT one of Depoe's propositions about what happened to rhetorical theory between the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the 20th Century? -Evolution of rhetorical theory and practices occurred in the educational sector. -Rhetoric remained predominantly administrative and maintained close ties to sources of power. -Technological developments, as well as changes in religious institutions and political arrangements, gradually reduced access to rhetorical education over time. -All of the other answers are correct.
dialectical
Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches to Marxism offered by Borchers & Hundley (p. 270—not in lecture)? -materialist -idealist -relativist -dialectical
all of the other answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of Habermas' definition of the ideal public sphere? -realm of activity mediating between society and the state -involving individuals and groups -coming together to discuss issues of personal concern -all of the other answers are correct
Words don't mean, people mean
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of linguistic or symbolic reflexivity, according to Borchers & Hundley? -Language has its own distinctive structure. -The structure of language exerts a powerful influence on meaning formation. -Words don't mean, people mean. -Linguistic structures are influential but not determinative of meaning.
rhetoric is situational
Which of the following is NOT one the eight principles of critical rhetoric as presented by McKerrow (and summarized in Borchers & Hundley)? -Rhetoric is situational. -Rhetoric is material. -Rhetoric is doxastic. -Rhetoric is polysemic.
framework for understanding provided by speaker
Which of the following is NOT part of Bitzer's definition of exigence? -imperfection marked by urgency -something waiting to be done -problem that can be positively modified through discourse -framework for understanding provided by speaker
persons who can attend to the message
Which of the following is NOT part of Bitzer's definition of rhetorical audience? -persons who can attend to the message -persons who are targeted by the speaker -persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse -persons who can act as mediators of change
writings were translated from German into English starting in graduate school
Which of the following is NOT true about Habermas? -joined Hitler youth as a teenager -turned against student protests by end of the 1960s -studied at the Frankfort Institute for Social Research -writings were translated from German into English starting in graduate school
Operate ontologically but not normatively
Which of the following is NOT true about frames, according to Depoe? -Are socially shared and reproduced -Operate ontologically but not normatively -Offer organizing principles for different situations -Organize both covert experience and overt behavior
All of the other answers are reasons.
Which of the following is a reason provided by Depoe to support the claim that the internet and social media have adversely affected the health of the public sphere? -Insatiable public demand for information shortens news cycles and leads to more sensationalized coverage of events. -People receive data through an internet filter bubble that reinforces existing views. -Social media platforms encourage and reward extreme takes. -All of the other answers are reasons.
All of the other answers are correct wait maybe Metaphor is a commonly used element of language.
Which of the following was NOT one of Aristotle's teachings on metaphor that was critiqued by Richards? -The use of metaphor depends on an eye for resemblances that not everyone possesses. -The process of using metaphor is a gift that cannot be learned. -Metaphor is a commonly used element of language. -All of the other answers are correct.
All of the other answers are correct
Which of the following was NOT one of Depoe's critiques of general semantics? -It reduced theory to a narrow set of rules and guidelines. -It sought a universal set of meanings based on cataloguing and referencing. -It did not recognize power relationships among users. -All of the other answers are correct.
semantic triangle
Which of the following was NOT part of Korzybski's theory of general semantics? -negative premises -multi-ordinal meaning -maps -semantic triangle
Modern
Which period saw the revival of rhetorical education in Europe due to the scientific revolution and the demands of expanding colonial empires? -Classical -Medieval -Renaissance -Modern
Burke
Which rhetorical theorist believed that human existence is a dramatic struggle for autonomy, companionship, and resources? -Mead -Burke -Bakhtin -Fisher
Burke
Which rhetorical theorist was interested in how our symbolic choices reveal our motives? -Mead -Burke -Bakhtin -Fisher
Burke
Which theorist associated rhetoric with the quest for human cooperation? -Richards -Korzybski -Mead -Burke
Burke
Which theorist believed that "there are no negatives in nature"? -Burke -Korzybski -Mead -Richards
Burke
Which theorist believed that audiences should strive for the attainment of critical consciousness? -Mead -Richards -Burke -Langer
Bakhtin
Which theorist conceived of human discourse as dialogue, the product of a reciprocal relationship between speaker and listener, addresser and addressee? -Bakhtin -Burke -Richards -Langer
Booth
Who argued that in works of fiction, authors are advocates who inevitably take sides in their stories? -Bakhtin -Sartre -Fisher -Booth
Langer
Who believed that language is not capable of expressing all aspects of human experience? -Richards -Korzybski -Mead -Langer
Richards
Who defined rhetoric as the study of miscommunication and its remedies? -Korzybski -Richards -Mead -Langer
Maya Lin
Who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D. C. ? -Maya Lin -Frederick Hart -Victoria Gallagher -Carole Blair
Burke
Who developed the concept of terministic screens? -Richards -Lakoff & Johnson -Entman -Burke
Korzybski
Who is attributed with having said, "Words don't mean, people mean"? -Korzybski -Richards -Mead -Langer
Langer
Who is attributed with the view that language "is a very poor medium for expressing our emotional nature," with its "ever-moving patterns, ambivalences, and intricacies of human experience"? -Mead -Burke -Langer -DeLuca & Peeples
Barthes
Who is quoted by Depoe as saying: "Narrative is present in every age, in every place, in every society"? -McIntyre -Barthes -Bakhtin -Fisher
Greta Thunberg
Who is the Swedish teenager whose Friday "School Strike for the Climate" protests went viral and inspired global protests involving millions of young people around the world? -Malala Yousafzai -Greta Thunberg -Emma Gonzalez -Alexandra Villasenor
Vatz
Who said, "One never runs out of contexts/facts to describe a situation"? -Bitzer -Vatz -Richards -Mead
Edbauer
Who said, "Places are best thought of not so much as enduring sites but moments of encounter"? -Bitzer -Vatz -Edbauer -Richards
Edward Channing
Who was the 19th Century Harvard University Chair of Rhetoric who moved the focus of rhetorical training to written composition and halted public speaking classes in his department? -John Quincy Adams -George Campbell -Edward Channing -Richard Whately
Karl Marx
Who was the 19th-Century British economic theorist whose ideas formed the foundation of Critical Theory? -David Hume -John Stuart Mill -Karl Marx -Thomas Malthus
Burke
Who wrote "The rhetoric of Hitler's battle"? -Mead -Burke -Langer -Bakhtin
Habermas
Who wrote Legitimation crisis? -Fraser -Adorno -Habermas -Burke
Mead
Who wrote Mind, self, and society? -Richards -Korzybski -Mead -Langer
Lakoff & Johnson
Who wrote that metaphors are derived from the way that the human brain as an organ processes information? -Aristotle -Richards -Lakoff & Johnson -Burke
Weaver
Whose concept of "ultimate terms" is cited by Depoe as a kindred concept to "ideographs"? -Weaver -Burke -McGee -Laclau and Mouffe
Langer
Whose concept of presentational rhetoric provides the ontological foundation for visual rhetoric? -Mead -Burke -Langer -Habermas
technologies of expression
Words, gestures, images, and screens are examples of what Depoe calls _____________________. -frames -technologies of expression -symbols -rhetoric
myths
_____________________ are stories designed to communicate shared values and preferred behaviors in a culture. -Myths -Rituals -Spectacles -Fables
circumference
______________________ describes the strategy of enlarging or reducing the scope of the scene when defining the situation. -Ratios -Circumference -Identification -Transcendence
Sojourner Truth or kimberlee crenshaw??
_______________________ coined the term "intersectionality." -Sojourner Truth -The Combahee River Collective -Kimberlee Crenshaw -Patricia Hill Collins
Richards or Burke, but i think richards
_______________________ equated metaphor with perspective, seeing something in terms of something else. -Cassirer -Richards -Lakoff & Johnson -Burke
none of the other answers are correct
_______________________ was the Russian literary critic and theorist whose studies of the novel have informed our understanding about narrative and rhetoric. -Dostoyevsky -Korzybski -Barthes -none of the other answers are correct
