QUIZ#2 FIU SOP3004

A research study had experimental participant perform a dull task. The researchers then paid these participants to lie to new participants, telling them that the task had been enjoyable. Results showed that the participants who were paid ____ came to believe that the task had been _____.

$1; interesting and enjoyable

Which of the following examples best illustrates a situation where there is a wide gap between our attitudes and our behavior?

Amanda tells her girlfriends that she is extremely excited to see the new superhero film, even though she truly dreads seeing those movies

Attitudes have all of the following except;

An operational definition mechanism

Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves?

Cognitive dissonance theory

In which situations does Carla seem to be committing the Fundamental Attribution Error(the correspondence bias)?

She assumes Jimmy brushed her off because he is a rude person

Who is more likely to feel depressed following the death of a loved one?

Someone who can make a lot of counterfactuals about the death

How does the Fundamental Attribution error differ from the actor-observer effect?

The fundamental error only focuses on how the person perceives others while the actor-observer effect focuses on how the person... how the person perceives him or herself

Jimmy has just applied to graduate school and was accepted to three programs. Below, you can see several traits about those programs. Xavier University has a high workload, a very strong faculty, and is very far away from his hometown. Yale University has a high tuition rate, a high workload, a very strong faculty, and is far from his hometown.Zanavoo state university has a high tuition rate a high workload, a very strong faculty and is very close to hometown. If the basis his decision on a non-common effect, which school would he choose?

Zanavoo

Cognitive dissonance results under all of the following circumstances except:

a person performs two behaviors that are inconsistent

attitudes have all of the following except:

an operational definition mechanism

Non-common effects

any effects that can be caused by only one specific factor

All of the folllowing are true except:

attitude always result in behavior

All of the following are true except:

attitudes always result in behavior

Despite reading numerous research studies that report the association of fast food consumption with heart disease and diabetes. Rachel continues to eat fast food thinking that the research is not yet reliable or valid enough to change her mind about the health benefits of fast food. Rachel's thinking is an example of

belief perseverance

One basic form of learning that helps our attitude occurs when a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to cause reactions that were originally caused by another stimulus. This type of learning is known as _____

classical conditioning

Researchers had students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that the debaters' position had been assigned to the debater, the students:

concluded that to some extent the speech reflected the speaker's true beliefs

in the last step of classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes a ____ while an unconditioned response_____

conditioned stimulus; become a conditioned response

When we are eager to seek information that verfies our beliefs but less inclined to seek evidence that might disprove our beliefs, the _____ has occurred.

confirmation bias

Misha is struggling with her computer. She is asked if she usually encounters difficulty when using her computer. The answer to this question provides information about

consistency

After breaking up with your significant other, you imagine that you would still be with this person if you had treated them more considerably

counterfactual thinking

Affect based elements involve all of the following except

elements that are always rational and logical

Whether something happens to just you or everyone is a component of _____ in kelly's theory of causal attributions

distinctiveness

Imagine I want to get a donation from your charity. I ask you for $1000, knowing that you will most likely turn it down. When you turn me down, I ask you for $10, which will you probably donate. What technique am I using n making these two request

door-in-the-face

_______ attitudes are attitudes that we consciously endorse while____ attitudes are attitudes that are more uncontrollable, involuntar, and at times unconscious

explicit;implicit

Heuristic processes tel us all of the following Except

first impressions are unusually the least influential

After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the internet, you conclude that those who engage in such behavior are morally bankrupt. It never occurs to you that the reason teenagers download music from the internet is that they are not able to afford the price of a compact disc or because the temptation to download, coupled with the peer pressure to do so is often great. Your thinking on this matter can be characterized by the

fundamental attribution error

what is the best way to get someone to feel okay about a potentially immoral act like cheating?

get the person to cheat

In the film, "the human behavior experiment", Phillip Zimbardo, the primary researcher on the Stanford prison experiment project, made the following claim:

heroic people are the minority

You are asked to present the argument supporting the legalization of marijuana to a group of people, even though you do not support people are you most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

high school students who do not use marijuana

The insufficient justification effect involves reducing dissonance by _____ justifying one's behavior when _____ justification is insufficient.

internally;external

The social learning of attitudes involves all of the following except:

normalizing situations

According to the theory of planned behavior, our behavioral intentions are partially determined by our attitudes toward a particular behavior, our perceptions regarding our ability to perform the behavior and _____

our perception of whether others will approve/disapprove the behavior

According to the theory of planned behavior, our behavioral intentions are partially determined by our attitudes toward a particular behavior, our per.. regarding our ability to perform the behavior, and_____.

our perceptions of whether others will approve/disapprove the behavior

We make the fundamental attribution error for all of the following except

people focus too much attention on the situation and not the person acting

Who is more likely to engage in the fundamental attribution error?

people from his individualistic cultures

As we search for information within a cognitive dissonance paradigm, we are more likely to seek out ______ arguments that support our original position while seeking out _____ argument that does not support our original position

plausible;implausible

Jeremy was talking to his best friend Robert on the phone one night about cars. Jeremy's mother got really upset with him, and told him he was much too young for sex. what social psychological concepts best explains his mother's reaction

priming

According to operant conditioning,_____ decreases behavior while ______ increases behavior.

punishment;rewards

Once during a hospital, you stay, you observed two men(both in health-professional scrubs) talking. You assumed that both were physicians.Later, you found they were both nurses. What type of heuristic did you use during your initial reaction to the two individuals?

representativeness heuristic

We may believe that an outcome was caused by things that will not change over time(like intelligence) or factors that will change over time (the amount of effort e use). This refers to which of the following?

stability

If we see someone else trip, we may conclude that they were clumsy. However, if we trip, we may conclude that we simply lost our footing because of the uneven ground. What theory best explains why we draw these conclusions?

the actor-observer effect

How does the confirmation bias differ from the belief perseverace bias?

the confirmation bias is based on our tendency to seek confirmation of our initial impression or belieds while belief perseverance is based on the persistence of one's initial beliefs, even when the foundation of those beliefs has been discredited

To enable deep, controlled, rational processing of information, the thinker must have all of the following except

the heuristic sense to think deeply

Bill starts a company that makes bicycles. His business does poorly, so he doesn't sell as many bicycles as hundreds of small ads in local papers as opposed to one large ad. His business increases, probably due to

the mere exposure effect

According to the dissonance theory, managers, teachers, and parents should use ______ to elicit the desired behavior.

the smallest possible incentive

Upward counterfactuals differ from downward counterfactuals in all of the following ways except?

those who make upward counterfactuals, "I could have done so much worse if only ____" while those who make downward counterfactuals think, " I could have done so much better if only ______".

If people tell a lie for a reward, they are more likely to come to believe the lie if they are given a small reward rather than a large reward for telling the lie

true

When are attitudes most likely to influence behavior?

when we gauge positive and negative consequences

According to Jone's correspondence theory, we pay attention in attribution to all of the following except

whether observations involve double-entendres