Ranger School Communications & Safety Basic Red Cross

You have been applying direct pressure to a wound on the person's lower back for several minutes, but the bleeding hasn't stopped, and EMS has not arrived. What should you do?

Continue applying direct pressure.

When giving abdominal thrusts, where on the choking person's abdomen should the responder place their hands?

Just above the navel

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include absence of sweating, exhaustion and confusion. True or false?

True

An older adult burns their hand and wrist on a camp fire at a remote mountain camp site. They start screaming. You check to make sure the scene is safe and obtain consent. You notice that a large portion of their skin is white, and blisters are already formed. Which actions should you take? Select 3 answers. 1. Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so 2. Generously apply anti-itch cream 3. Cool the burn under clean, cool, running water for at least 10 minutes, ideally 20 4. Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing 5. Apply ice to the burn for 20 minutes

1. Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so 3. Cool the burn under clean, cool, running water for at least 10 minutes, ideally 20 4. Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening sudden illnesses? Select 2 answers. 1. Diabetic emergency 2. Anaphylaxis 3. Sinus infection 4. Migraine 5. Sore throat

1. Diabetic emergency 2. Anaphylaxis

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of stroke? Select 3 answers. 1. Facial weakness 2. Arm or grip weakness 3. Persistent chest pain 4. Speech disturbances 5. Severe leg pain

1. Facial weakness 2. Arm or grip weakness 4. Speech disturbances

The risk of infection when giving first aid care is low. Using what reduces your risk even further? Select 3 answers. 1. Latex-free disposable gloves 2. Watch 3. Face shield 4. Pocket mask 5. Sunglasses

1. Latex-free disposable gloves 3. Face shield 4. Pocket mask

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a heart attack? 1. Persistent chest pain 2. Leg pain 3. Sore throat 4. Runny nose

1. Persistent chest pain

You may need to give chest thrusts in which of the following situations? Select 3 answers. 1. The person is in a wheelchair and you are unable to give abdominal thrusts. 2. The person is on crutches. 3. The person is too large for you to stand behind and reach around. 4. The person has a chronic illness. 5. The person is pregnant.

1. The person is in a wheelchair and you are unable to give abdominal thrusts. 3. The person is too large for you to stand behind and reach around. 5. The person is pregnant.

The three important steps when applying a windlass rod tourniquet are which of the following? 1. Press, Tighten, Lock 2. Pull, Twist, Clip 3. Grasp, Lift, Secure 4. Push, Stretch, Latch

2. Pull, Twist, Clip

Which of the following is best to use when applying direct pressure to control life-threatening bleeding? 1. Gauze pad 2. Clean t-shirt 3. Hemostatic dressing 4. Paper towel

3. Hemostatic dressing

What is important to do between giving the first and second breath?

Allow the chest to fall and the air to exit

What would be the best thing to do if applying a tourniquet did not stop the person's bleeding?

Apply a second tourniquet, between the first tourniquet and the heart.

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

At least 2 inches

When giving back blows, where on the choking person's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the shoulder blades

You hear a scream and some loud noises coming from a few feet away in the crowded park. As you walk quickly across the park, you tell yourself to do what first?

Check the scene for safety.

You are using an AED on an 82-year-old woman in cardiac arrest. She is frail and only weighs about 105 pounds, so you should use pediatric AED pads. True or False?

False

A choking adult is unable to speak or cough forcefully. Your partner is calling 9-1-1. What should you do now?

Give cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

If the person with a suspected opioid overdose is unresponsive and not breathing (cardiac arrest), which care step should you do first?

Immediately begin CPR!

Bob has a gash on the middle of his forearm, where should a tourniquet be applied?

On the forearm, about 2 to 3 inches above the wound between the wound and the heart

You have obtained consent and are checking a responsive person. You know you need to interview them first using SAM. What does SAM stand for?

Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications and medical conditions

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

The chest begin to rise

You obtain consent, call 9-1-1 and continue checking a responsive person who is having trouble breathing. The person's lips are swelling, and they are scratching a bee sting on their arm. You notice a medical alert bracelet and they nod their head when you ask if they have an allergy. What do you suspect is wrong with the person and what care should you give?

The person is experiencing anaphylaxis. Assist them with administering epinephrine via an auto-injector.

A person who is responsive and breathing but not fully awake should be placed in a recovery position for what reason?

To lower their risk for choking and aspiration

A person who just completed a marathon on a windy, 54ºF day is at risk for hypothermia. True or False?

True

As part of general care for a person with an injury, it is important to keep the person from getting chilled or overheated. True or False?

True

The person cut their arm while working on a job site. Blood is flowing steadily from the person's wound and pooling on the ground. This is life-threatening bleeding. True or False?

True

You are caring for a person experiencing an asthma attack. You have helped them administer their quick-relief medication via an inhaler. Ten minutes later, they are still having trouble breathing and EMS has not yet arrived. You should help the person administer a second dose of the medication. True or false?

True

You are caring for a person with life-threatening bleeding. You have applied a tourniquet and are waiting for EMS to arrive. The person becomes confused and irritable. You notice that their skin is very pale and feels moist. They complain that their heart is racing. The person is most likely experiencing shock. True or false?

True

You are placing AED pads on a person in cardiac arrest. What is the correct placement for the pads?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit

You are using a tourniquet to control life-threatening bleeding when the injured person cries out in pain. What should you do?

Reassure the person but continue to tighten the tourniquet until the bleeding stops or you cannot tighten it anymore.

When giving compressions, how should the first aid responder position their body and arms?

Shoulders directly over the hands and elbows locked

After recognizing that a person is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive and not breathing), you call 9-1-1 and send someone to get an AED. What is your next step?

Start CPR by giving chest compressions and breaths

When giving CPR to a person and waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, a bystander tells you to stop, saying, "it's no use and that looks hard." You continue because you know that is not a reason to stop CPR. True or False?

True

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest. True or False?

True

If the chest does not rise on the first breath, and you reopen the airway and give a second breath and the chest still does not rise, what might be a reason?

An object might be blocking the airway.

If you are applying direct pressure to a wound and the bleeding stops before EMS arrives, what should you do?

Apply a roller bandage over the dressing.

A first aid responder is applying direct pressure to a person with life-threatening bleeding on the lower leg. A bystander has returned with a bleeding control kit. What should the responder do next?

Apply a tourniquet immediately.

A man fainted and fell into a full-length mirror, breaking the glass. You see that he has a wound on the back of his head and there is blood flowing steadily from it and starting to pool on the ground. After calling 9-1-1, what should you do?

Apply direct pressure.

How long should you wash your hands when using soap and water?

At least 20 seconds

Your co-worker fell off of a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so.

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

Do a focused check of their left arm.

What should you do if a choking person is coughing forcefully?

Encourage them to keep coughing

After encouraging the coughing choking person to keep coughing, it is fine to leave them. True or False?

False

As part of general care for a person with an environmental emergency, it is not important to watch for changes in the person's condition because EMS will be there soon. True of False?

False

If a person is responsive and fully awake, you should place them in a recovery position while you wait for EMS to arrive and begin their care of the person? True or false?

False

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR, give continuous breaths at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute. True or False?

False

It is fine to enter an area where there is a chemical spill as long as you are very careful. True or False?

False

The person tripped over a rock while hiking, fell and cut their leg. There is a slow trickle of blood from the cut on the person's leg. This is life-threatening bleeding. True or False?

False

You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again. True or False?

False

If the responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what care should you give?

Give CPR (give compressions, look for object, give breaths).

What is your risk of catching a disease when giving first aid care?

Low Risk

You are working a shift at the local farmer's market when you recognize that a person shopping is choking. You check the scene for safety and approach the person. What do you need to do at this point?

Obtain consent from the person.

Before giving breaths to the adult, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Past-neutral

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100 to 120

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a co-worker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 9-1-1 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible? 1. Put on a gown. 2. Put on latex-free disposable gloves. 3. Put on eye protection. 4. Put on a mask.

2. Put on latex-free disposable gloves.

Signs that indicate a person is choking may include which of the following? Select 3 answers. 1. The person is holding their stomach. 2. The person looks surprised. 3. The person is making high-pitched squeaking noises. 4. The person is sneezing. 5. The person is coughing.

2. The person looks surprised. 3. The person is making high-pitched 5. The person is coughing.

Which of the following would lead you to suspect a person is in cardiac arrest? Select 2 answers. 1. Headache 2. Unresponsive 3. Chest pain 4. Not breathing or only gasping 5. Trouble breathing 6. Dizziness

2. Unresponsive 4. Not breathing or only gasping

When applying direct pressure, it is important to do which of the following? Select 2 answers. 1. Press softly. 2. Press hard. 3. Press directly over the wound. 4. Press 2 to 3 inches above the wound. 5. Press 2 to 3 inches below the wound.

2. Press hard. 3. Press directly over the wound.

Which of these signs and symptoms of poison exposure are NOT life-threatening? 1. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea 2. Trouble breathing, breathing too fast, breathing too slow 3. Fast or slow heart rate 4. Unresponsiveness, changes in level of responsiveness, seizures, headache, dizziness, weakness

1. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Which of the following is NOT a general care step you should take when assisting a person with their medication? 1. Administer the medication and monitor the person until EMS arrives. 2. Offer to get their medication. 3. Ask them to confirm that you have the right medication. 4. Give them the medication to self-administer.

1. Administer the medication and monitor the person until EMS arrives.

You are working at an outdoor café on a hot summer day. Suddenly you hear a commotion at a nearby table. You make sure the scene is safe. As you approach the person you notice they appear responsive, but they are having trouble breathing. Which of the following sudden illnesses are you most likely to suspect? Select 3 answers. 1. Asthma 2. Anaphylaxis 3. Heart Attack 4. Stroke 5. Vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration

1. Asthma 2. Anaphylaxis 3. Heart Attack

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care? Select 2 answers. 1. Avoid touching other surfaces. 2. Wash your hands after taking off your gloves. 3. Wearing gloves increases your risk for transmitting an infection. 4. You should delay care until you have put on gloves, even if the emergency is life-threatening.

1. Avoid touching other surfaces. 2. Wash your hands after taking off your gloves.

Why is it important for you, the first aid responder, to ask questions using SAM and do a focused check of the responsive person? Select 3 answers. 1. It can help you to determine what care they may need. 2. As time passes, the person may be less able to say things. 3. You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later. 4. It will allow you to test whether or not the person can answer simple questions.

1. It can help you to determine what care they may need. 2. As time passes, the person may be less able to say things. 3. You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later.

When you ask someone to call 9-1-1 for you in an emergency situation, what communication techniques/instructions should you use? Select 2 answers. 1. Look directly at one person. 2. Say, "You, call 9-1-1." 3. Yell directions to call 9-1-1 to someone in the crowd. 4. Say, "Don't come back until EMS arrives."

1. Look directly at one person. 2. Say, "You, call 9-1-1."

What is important to determine before giving sugar by mouth to the person experiencing a diabetic emergency? Select 3 answers. 1. Make sure the person is awake. 2. Make sure the person can follow simple commands. 3. Make sure the person can chew and swallow. 4. Make sure the person's family member has been notified. 5. Make sure the person likes sugar.

1. Make sure the person is awake. 2. Make sure the person can follow simple commands. 3. Make sure the person can chew and swallow.

Which of the following words describes life-threatening bleeding? Select 2 answers. 1. Spurting 2. Trickling 3. Flowing continuously 4. Oozing

1. Spurting 3. Flowing continuously

When giving high-quality CPR, you should minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10

You recognize that someone has life-threatening bleeding. Which of the following should you do immediately? Select 2 answers. 1. Drive the person to a hospital. 2. Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so. 3. Give the person water to drink. 4. Get a bleeding control/first aid kit and an AED or tell someone to do so.

2. Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so. 4. Get a bleeding control/first aid kit and an AED or tell someone to do so.

Cardiac arrest is often due to a blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (heart attack). However, it can also occur due to the effects of which of the following? Select 2 answers. 1. Common cold 2. Drowning 3. Ear infection 4. Headache 5. Breathing emergency

2. Drowning 5. Breathing emergency