RBT Exam

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many other reinforcers does not depend on an establishing operation for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness.

variable-ratio schedule

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

variable-interval schedule

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

fixed-ratio schedule

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

fixed-interval schedule

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

motivating operation

An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that have been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.

Four functions of behavior

Attention, escape, tangible, sensory

Which of the following best defines operant behavior Behavior that occurs independently of consequences Behavior that is shaped by its consequences A reflexive response to stimuli A behavior that is unaffected by reinforcement or punishment

Behavior shaped by its consequences

Which function was added to the AP method beyond the traditional four Increased motivation Control Enhanced cognitive skills Unrelated behavioral shifts

Control

Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned reinforcer Money Food Praise Tokens

Food

Baseline

A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present. data obtained during baseline are the basis for determining the effects of the independent variable; a control condition that does not necessarily mean the absence of instruction or treatment, only the absence of a specific independent variable of experimental interest.

Unconditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus.

maintenance

The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior's initial appearance in the learner's repertoire has been terminated

Which is a historically evaluated function of behavior Control over all environments Increased cognitive awareness Access to social attention Avoidance to all stimuli

Access to social attention

What is an antecedent in a three term contingency? A consequence that follows the behavior A neutral stimulus that has no effect on behavior An environmental condition or stimulus change that occurs before a behavior A punishment used to decrease behavior

An environmental condition or stimulus change that occurs before a behavior

What is a key characteristic of quality staff in ABA? Strictly follows protocol without flexibility Only works with a specific type of client Handles pressure and incorporates feedback Avoids reviving feedback

Handles pressure and incorporates feedback

positive reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

negative reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)

Why is feedback important for quality staff It should be ignored if it doesn't align with personal beliefs It helps improve performance and skill development It's only necessary for new staff members It should only come from direct supervisors

It helps improve performance and development

What is one key factor affecting clinical judgement in ABA Eliminating distractions entirely Avoiding consideration of motivation Ignoring environmental variables Past performance of the individual

Past performance of the individual

Which skill is emphasized in clinical judgement within ABA Responsiveness Rigid adherence to protocols Avoiding mortifications to interventions Using the same approach to all clients

Responsiveness

Intervention

The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable

conditioned reinforcer

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer

positive punishment

the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring

negative punishment

the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring

Generalization

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior