RBT Practice Questions

Sarah is helping Kendra, a woman with moderate intellectual disability, cook breakfast in the morning. Kendra attempts to touch the hot stove, Sarah yells "Don't touch that!" Is this abuse?

No -- Yelling is not ideal, but is used to prevent Kendra from harming herself

When you have a conversation with a family member about a client, you should:

Find a quiet and private spot

What is considered to be physical signs of abuse?

Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms, or wrists

Reinforcement for a behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed

Fixed Interval (FI)

Reinforcement occurs after the behavior is displayed a certain number of times

Fixed Ratio (FR)

Listening to another's directions and following them

Following Instructions

The strength of the behavior

Force

Data is the ____ for creating behavioral interventions

Foundation

What is an example of a motivating operation (MO)?

Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance

Has a clear beginning and ending and the number of times it happens is important to know

Frequence

____ ____ ____ addresses challenging behaviors by teaching the individual to replace those behaviors with communication

Functional Communication Training

The intervention is designed to operate in new environments and continue after formal treatment ends. EX: Teaching someone to brush their teeth in a clinic setting for 5 weeks and then them brushing their teeth at home before bed each night for years to come.

Generality

Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes serious injury or physical pain is considered what type of abuse?

Physical Abuse

Skills individuals display that make it possible for them to learn other skills are ___ ___

Pivotal Skills

How is pointing related to joint attention?

Pointing at an object is an effort to get another to attend to it

What are the most common reasons to ask questions in a professional interaction?

To start a conversation, to gain information, to show interest in a person's ideas

The way the behavior looks

Topography

Michelle is an RBT who us teaching a mother how to implement a visual schedule for her child. What is Michelle doing?

Training a parent how to implement an intervention

____ are the overall direction of the data path. Trends are reviewed to determine if the same conditions stay in place, then the behavior can be predicted to follow the ___ path

Trends ; Same

True of False: Behavior is natural

True

True of False: People with IDD are more likely to experience abuse and neglect than individuals without IDD

True

True of False: Videoconferencing and webcams can be used in RBT supervision

True

True or False: Allegations that go unreported are just as serious as the actual abuse or neglect

True

True or False: Echoics can be addressed in both discrete trial and naturaistic intervention

True

True or False: Probe data are collected on the first 1 to 3 trials and not on the subsequent trials

True

One way to help a learner generalize skills is to:

Use varied program materials for targets

Reinforcement after the behavior is displayed an average length of time

Variable Interval (VI)

Reinforcement after the behavior is displayed an average number of times

Variable Ratio (VR)

The primary method for evaluating data collection on ADA interventions is through ___ ____

Visual Inspection

Which is another term for echoics?

Vocal Imitation

Consequences are:

What happens as a result of behavior

What behavior might serve the function to 'gain attention'?

Making silly noises

Making a request or demand

Mand

Which of the following verbal operants is used when a learner requests a cookie?

Mand

What is true of mandatory reporters?

Mandatory reporters must report any alleged or suspected incidents of abuse or neglect, even if they did not witness it

In order fo randomly rotate trials, what must a learner have done first?

Mastered some targets they can be mixed in the rotation

Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?

Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown

When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, what is the most critical aspect?

Modeling the action with the object

Data collected during the course of interventions designed to increase skills is necessary to ____ progress and determine overall ____

Monitor; Effectiveness

___ ___ is the removal of a stimulus to increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur again

Negative Reinforcement

In ABA, behavior is neither good or bad, rather it is ___

Neutral

Recording durable products of behavior is called ___ ___ ___

Permanent product recording

Categories of Behaviors most often targeted for increase in skills acquisition programs (6)

1. Adaptive and Self-Care Skills 2. Attending and Social Referencing 3. Cognitive Function 4. Language and Communication 5. Play and Leisure 6. Social Skills

True or False: If there is consensual sexual activity between an employee and with an individual with ISS, it is not considered sexual abuse

False

In addition to operants and antecedents, what conditions set the stage for the stage for the display of desirable behavior? (4)

1. Consistency and Routine 2. Teaching Expectations 3. Supervision 4. Acknowledgement for Engaging in Desired Behavior and/or Reinforcement

The 2 main functions of a behavior

1. Escape 2. Gain

Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are:

1. Escape 2. Gain

What are the 2 main functions of behavior?

1. Gain 2. Escape

Dimensions of ABA (7)

1. Generality 2. Analytic 3. Behavioral 4. Technological 5. Effective 6. Conceptual 7. Applied

Bar graphs are useful for what 2 reasons?

1. Plotting discontinuous data like interval recording 2. Comparing prompt levels needed to perform a skill

4 Pivotal Skills

1. Responding to reinforcers or motivation 2. Responding to multiple cues in the environment 3. Initiating interactions 4. Managing one's own behavior (self-management)

What are 4 variables needed to be reflected in data collection on interventions delivered using naturalistic techniques?

1. Target behavior displayed 2. Prompt level that was needed for the target behavior to be displayed 3. The activity, routine, and/or materials used to address the target behavior 4. Date and number of times target behavior was addressed in the session

What best describes a situation of disability-specific abuse?

A person needs assistance transferring onto a toilet, and is sometimes left on the toilet for hours

A study found that what percent of family caregivers for older adults with cognitive disabilities and dementia reported abusing their family member?

30%

The Renewal Competency Assessment requires ___ skills to be demonstrated with clients

5

What is an example of a clearly written criteria for mastery?

9 out of 10 times for 3 consecutive sessions

A trend that ascends from left to right means:

A behavior is increasing

What is an example of using a token economy?

A child received a point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on

What is an example of an exploitive relationship?

A client's mother dating his RBT

Replacement behaviors are:

Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors

Cumulative data graphs reflect data that has been ____ to the previous data point

Added

What is a question you can ask yourself to help monitor your interactions with families?

Am I leaving my shift on time?

Who may conduce the competency assessment?

An experienced assessor with BCBA supervision

Imitating joint attention is when:

An individual initiates a bid for attention

The intervention can be objectively demonstrated that the intervention caused the change in behavior. EX: After a child receives specific training to give a picture of a toy to receive a toy car, the child will find the picture of the toy car spontaneously and give it to an adult and wait for the receipt of the toy car.

Analytic

Which of the following data recording techniques involves taking detailed notes on the behavior of concern? • Anecdotal Recording • ABC Recording • Duration Recording

Anecdotal Recording

Which of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior?

Antecedent

Events that occur before a behavior that can also trigger it are called ____

Antecedents

Primary reinforcers are those that are ___, while the value of secondary reinforcers must be ___

Biological ; Learned

What is a mandatory reporter?

Any individual who is required by law to report any suspected abuse or allegations of abuse

The intervention deals with a problem of social importance. EX: Using reinforcement to increase the number of times a child responds to the request "come here" when in a bust parking lot.

Applied

Which dimension of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?

Applied

What an RBT does not know how to perform a intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?

Ask for training and supervision on the skill

Jerry, the RBT, comes to his client's home for his scheduled ABA session. When Jerry gets there, he finds the client yelling and his mother crying in the corner. How can Jerry help with this immediate situations within the boundaries of his role as an RBT?

Ask the mother what happened in order to know what to do with the client. Make sure she is physically okay and start therapy or behavior plan implementation

What was deleted from the previous version of the competency assessment?

Assist with functional assessment

What is an intervention target for teaching responding joint attention?

Attending to a noisy toy when it is activated and positioned across the room

Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of a problem behaivor?

Because just suppressing a problem behavior doesn't provide a way to get an individual's needs met

Everything a living organism does is called a ___

Behavior

The intervention and resulting behavior change can be observed and measures, and thus be validated. EX: When a child who would previously take and adult by the hand to the pantry for a snack can now use words to request a snack.

Behavioral

John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?

Behaviorism

The "Behavioral" dimension of ABA refers to:

Being able to observe and measure behavior

If someone communicates with you abuse an incident of abuse and neglect, what is the best way to respond to the individual?

Believe what they are telling you

How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behaivor?

By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior

Pavlov paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of meat and measured their salivation. When the meat was removed and the bell sounded, the dogs still salivated. This is called ____ ____

Classical Conditioning

Which of the following can RBTs do in relation to implementing intervention plans?

Collect data on the effectiveness of the plan

Which of the following describes how probe data is collected?

Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection

The intervention is based on a specific theory and not from a random collection of disassociated activities. EX: A child recognizing various shapes, forms. colors, and positions of objects, which is called "visual discrimination."

Conceptual

Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?

Consequence Strategies

Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block is a:

Consequence Strategy

Reinforcement occurs each time a behavior is displayed

Continuous

Differential reinforcement is a strategy mostly used for ___ problem behavior; however, certain types of differential reinforcement work to ___ desirable behavior as well

Decreasing ; Increasing

The use of prompts is monitored because ____ on prompts is a concern in skill acquisition programs for certain individuals

Dependence

In order for the reinforcer to be effective a ___ state must exist for that reinforcer

Deprivation

What makes a reinforcement effective?

Deprivation State, Immediacy, Adequate Size, Contingency

Data recording involves recording all instances of the behavior that occur during a given observation period is called ____ ____ ____

Discontinuous Data Recording

Has a clear beginning and ending and how long it lasts is important to know

Duration

How long a behavior lasts

Duration

Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?

Duration

Motivating operations make the reinforcement more ____

Effective

The intervention produces robust and important effects. EX: Teaching a child who engages in biting their hands behavior to bite a rubber chew stick instead.

Effective

Time sampling data are recorded if the behavior occurs at the ___ of an interval

End

Discriminative stimuli are delivered directly and only for the purpose of ____ the behavior

Evoking

True of False: An RBT can be the employer of their supervisor

False

What is an example of secondary reinforcement?

Getting a good grade on a test

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Giving someone a compliment for doing good work

Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who:

Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus

What is an explanation of the 'Dead Man's Test'?

If a dead man cannot do it, then it's a behavior

What imitation skill is the most difficult for a person with autism?

Imitating facial expressions

What kind of imitation is associated with successful play with peers?

Imitating other children's actions

Behavioral shaping is used to ____ desirable behaviors one small step at a time

Increase

Differential reinforcement works by:

Increasing desirable behaviors while decreasing problem behavior

In a study involving kittens, Thorndike used which term to describe behaviors they displayed to escape an enclosure by pulling on a string on a latch?

Instrumental Behavior

Trial by trial data are usually collected during: • Intertrial Interval • During a Break • After the Session

Intertrial Interval

Social exchanges and conversations

Intraverbals

If data indicate that progress is not being made, which of the following questions could be asked?

Is the skill program being delivered effectively?

What is a drawback of probe data?

It is less accurate

What is a "back-up" reinforcer?

Items that tokens are exchanged for

___ ___ is when 2 individuals share focus on the same stimulus at one time

Joint Attention

Has a clear beginning and how long it takes to start after a cue is delivered is important to knoq

Latency

The amount of time it takes when a stimulus is delivered until a response behavior begins

Latency

Which data recording method would be best used to measure the time between when a teacher said to start on an assignment and the time the student started on the assignment

Latency

The most commonly used graph in ABA is a ____ graph

Line

Which of the following types of graphs are most preferred in the field of ABA?

Line

Where the behavior occurred

Locus

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to:

Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule

Visual inspection is:

Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data

What is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?

Not following the point of another person

What could be considered a violation of the portion of the RBT Ethics Code that addressed accurate representation of credentials and work?

Not renewing credentials and still claiming to have a current RBT status

Behavior is also ____ and ____, which means you can see it and quantify it

Observable ; Measurable

What is an example of a conflict of interest with a client's family?

Offering to babysit for the family

___ ___ relies on the consequences to impact the display of a behavior

Operant Conditioning

____ ____ help to further illustrate a behavior

Operational Definitions

George started his session with Nate by playing with cars on a racetrack with him. They raced cars and Nate's car won. Nate laughed and said "do it again." George told him okay and they continued playing for the next 10 minutes. What was George doing?

Pairing himself as a reinforcer

____ interval data are recorded if the behavior occurs at any time during an interval

Partial

What data recording process is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?

Partial Interval

___ ___ is the delivery of a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again

Positive Reinforcement

Cumulative data graphs are used when ____ towards a predetermined number of behaviors should be demonstrated

Progress

The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that:

Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed

Data is the ____ ____ of a behavior

Quantifiable Dimension

Which terms replaced "responsible certificant" in the latest RBT updates?

RBT Requirements Coordinator and RBT Supervisor

How many times a behavior occurs within a given amount of time

Rate

Antecedents set the stage for intervention programs by creating the conditions that allow stimuli to evoke a behavior that will result in ___

Reinforcement

What is a consequence that is likely to result in the increase of a behavior?

Reinforcement

Undesirable behavior can be reduced by:

Reinforcing alternative behaviors using extinction or punishment

Behavioral shaping involves:

Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior

____ ____ are functionally equivalent acceptable behaviors designed to replace less appropriate behaviors the person is displaying

Replacement Behaviors

What is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"?

Responding to multiple cues in the environment

Behavioral theories explain what people do and why they do them using what can be ___ and ___

Seen ; Heard

Why would the prompt level necessary to perform the skill be an important part of data collection?

Skills performed with prompts are not mastered until they are performed without prompts

What best describes a 'Trigger'?

Something that easily sets you off and causes an immediate, often emotional, reactions

Labeling objects, actions, or states of being

Tacts

What is a tip to follow if you become overwhelmed by your work as an RBT?

Take a break and breathe

If you witness an abusive situations that is dangerous or life threatening, what should you do?

Take immediate action to remove anyone in the area from harm and call 911

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

Taking away a chore for making good grades

What is an example of a consequence intervention involving punishment?

Taking away a token

A ____ ____ is a behavior of interest

Target Behavior

Beverly will touch a requested item is an example of:

Target Response

When skill acquisitions programs are developed, the content that drives those plans is chosen based on the idea that the individual has some behaviors that should be ___ or ___

Taught ; Increased

What could be a replacement behavior for grabbing or stealing food?

Teaching the person to ask for food

Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for cutting in line?

Teaching to stand in line and wait

The intervention is described well enough that it can be replicated by others and produce the same results. EX: Written protocol for teaching hand-washing to a specific individual that's followed by multiple trainers.

Technological

Teaching targets on the skill acquisition plan:

Tell the behavior technician what to present

Prior to the creation of the RBT Ethics Code, which of the ethical standards did RBTs follow?

The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB

Replacement behaviors are taught so:

The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern

Generalization of skills is achieved when:

The learner uses the skill taught in DTI in the natural environment

A disadvantage of bar graphs is:

The variability of data can be lost

Why is imitating facial expressions particularly difficult for some individuals with autism?

They avoid looking at faces

Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans?

They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced

What is one reason it may be difficult for a person with a disability to self-report abuse or maltreatment?

They may fear retaliation for reporting certain individuals who assist them

Whole interval data is recorded when a behavior occurs ____ an entire interval

Throughout

Data are plotted on line graphs according to the number of instances of the behavior across ___

Time

What is an example of a multiple or dual relationship?

Tina and Lisa are friends. Lisa is an RBT who works with Tina's son.

Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities?

To allow families to see what their loved one can do

What does the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB remind us about communication and interactions with clients and families?

To interact with families and clients in a way that is free from bias and discrimination

Cumulative graphs are used:

When progress towards a predetermined number of behaviors should be demonstrated

What is an example of a discontinuous recording procedure?

Whole Interval Recording

The function of a behavior is an attempt to explain ____ it's occurring

Why

Behavioral function tries to exmplain:

Why the behavior is happening

In discontinuous data recording, all instances of a behavior *will* or *will not* be recorded

Will not

The __-axis on a line graph indicates some element of time, while the __-axis indicates the number or percentage of a behavior

X ; Y

Why is it important to leave work at work and take breaks?

You can slip into bad habits if you don't have a break

Who is the first person you should report allegations of abuse to?

Your agency's designated investigator

What is true about reinforcement?

• It increases a behavior • What one individual finds reinforcing may not be for others