Reading and Writing- Reading Process and Writing Process

Steps to preview text properly

1. identify your purpose of reading. 2. examine the titles and subtitles of the text. 3. browse the introduction and the conclusion of the text. 4. look at the visual elements of the text.

inform, explain, persuade, or entertain

Broadly speaking, your purpose may be to ...

Examples

are specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of a word.

Explanation

be given as clues to describe an unknown term.

Context Clues

how a word is used in a sentence and discover an approximate definition

Context Clues

this allows you to read more fluently and increases your vocabulary.

Antonyms

words like "although," "but," "despite," "instead," "in contrast," "unlike," "however," "even though," "on the contrary," and "conversely"

Antonyms

words that reveal the opposite meaning in relation to the unknown word.

Context Clues

words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word that can help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word because the text gives you information about it.

Freewriting

writing down your thoughts nonstop, in the exact order, language, and form in that you think them.

Scanning

you need to have an idea of the details you are looking for.

Pre-Writing

you use a variety of strategies to find out things that interest you about a topic or new ways of thinking about it

Strategies to Become Better Readers

-identifying the author's purpose -grasping the main ideas of the text -locating important details -using context clues to understand unfamiliar words -answering specific questions -analyzing the text's points -critiquing the text

Purpose

1.What do you want to accomplish? 2.Why are you sending this message?

Synonyms

Alice envisaged the Jabberwock in her mind. She imagined its sharp claws and jaws, and then shivered in fright.

Examples

Alice thought that "toves" were curious creatures, since they were part-badger, part-lizard, and part-corkscrew.

Brainstorming

All you need to do is begin at the top of a sheet of paper and list down everything that comes into your mind as fast as you can for a certain amount of time

Examples

Hearing someone "outgrabe" - which means he is whistling, bellowing, and sneezing all at once - can be a funny sight.

Examples

Humpty Dumpty told Alice that "brillig" means the same thing as four o'clock in the afternoon, because that is when people started broiling things for dinner.

Synonyms

Humpty Dumpty took great pleasure in obfuscating the poem's meaning for Alice. His explanations about the poem were confusing and complicated.

Reading

It is always an interaction between the text and the reader.

Brainstorming

It is one of the better and more popular methods of discovering your writing topic.

Denotation

It is the basic, precise, literal meaning of the word that can be found in a dictionary.

Connotation

It is the positive, negative, or neutral feelings, attitudes, ideas, or associations with a word.

Clustering

Just make sure that each word or phrase you write down is connected to the word or phrase that suggested it.

Knowing the kind of paper

Look at key words in the instructions. You might be tasked to do a variety of things when writing including analyzing a text, comparing your ideas with the author's ideas, summarizing the selection, or proposing a solution to an issue. Also, consider how long the paper should be.

Examples

Only a few weapons are truly nifty in hunting monsters, like the vorpal sword.

Clustering

Start by writing a word or phrase at the center of the page and encircle it

Definition

Terms like "is," "means," "is defined as," and "refers to"

Situation

The boy wondered if he should have brought some back up, in case he could not take on the Jabberwock by himself.

Examples

The boy's father was ecstatic when he found out that the Jabberwock was conquered by his son. His behavior included laughing , cheering, and hugging his son.

Writing Situation

The context can be clarified by initially thinking about the purpose and audience of your paper. At some points in the writing process, decisions about these factors may be changed, but it is important to always consider how these will affect your work.

Antonyms

The hero in the poem did not give in to trepidation; rather, he bravely slayed the Jabberwock with his sword.

Situation

The hero is lucky that the murder of the Jabberwock does not merit a case in court!

Situation

The hero's conquest of the Jabberwock is an exemplary case of bravery.

Antonyms

The jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by the boy, unlike the others who gave up easily when they heard how terrifying the creature was.

Situation

The meaning of a word may change depending on its context, or how and where it is used.

Synonyms

The narrator in the poem was euphoric at his son's victory, for he cried out triumphantly when the boy came home.

Freewriting

The rules of grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and style do not matter here; run with your words to catch that subject you have always itched to talk about

Tone

These are manifested in your chosen point-of-view (first, second, or third), sentence structure (long and short sentences), and chosen words (connotation and denotation).

Pre-Writing

These are valuable and time-saving because determining a focus early in the writing process will help you effectively plan and execute your research and writing.

Connotation

These shades of meaning are affected by social overtones, emotional meanings, or cultural implications.

Purpose

This is the reason why you are writing

Topic

This results from a broader subject that may be found in the assignment or could be something you are free to think about.

Skimming

This skill also involves quickly going through beginning and concluding sentences of paragraphs because these usually talk about the topic of the text.

Scanning

This strategy also involves physically moving your eyes quickly along the lines of text.

Synonyms

Though their meanings are similar, they are not exactly the same because a word may have different associations with it

Intelligently Actively

To read ---- means you are able to read --- and critically.

Denotation and Connotation

Two ways of describing the meaning of a word

Explanation

When phrases like "because" or "that is" follow a word

Brainstorming

You can also try to connect your ideas, and see what meaning you can create.

Brainstorming

You can be free, whimsical, and personal with the list as you please.

Scanning

You do not have to read every word; just read until you locate the details you are searching for.

Identifying your audience

Your readers will feel more involved and you will have a clearer appreciation of your purpose

Journal

a book in which you write down your personal experiences and thoughts

Reading

a skill that can be improved through consistent practice.

Pre-Writing

allows you to communicate with yourself so you can discover what you want to communicate to your readers.

Positive Connotation

are generally favorable associations toward a word.

Example

are specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of a word.

Identifying your audience

audience helps you determine how you want them to respond to your writing, and thus helps you write with that in mind.

Purpose

begin to make decisions about form, content, length, organization, support, and tone

Neutral Connotation

bring up impartial associations toward a word.

Reading

fare able to decipher the written symbols on this page, get meaning rom, and put meaning into them

Previewing

helps familiarize you with the contents of the selection and focus on the important information in the text

Pre-Writing

helps you identify what else you need to know about a topic

Freewriting

it maintains some coherence between a writer's thought.

Clustering

it teaches you how to dissect an idea, or how to develop it further.

Freewriting

it teaches you how to dissect an idea, or how to develop it further.

Skimming

look for the main point of the text and identify the ideas that develop it.

Previewing

looking at the readily visible parts of the text, like titles and subtitles, and also visuals and graphs, pictures, and charts.

Definition

may follow an unfamiliar word

Reading

not just a matter of knowing what is written in the book

Skimming

physically moving your eyes rapidly along the page and tracing your finger along the lines of the text to speed your reading

Skimming

quickly going over the text may give you an idea...which is an important idea in the poem

Scanning

reading quickly to look for specific information.

Synonyms

signaled by the following words: "like" or "as".

Topic

subject or the specific issue that your paper will discuss

Negative Connotation

tend to have unfavorable feelings or ideas toward word.

Tone

the attitudes and feelings you want your writing to reflect toward your purpose, topic, audience, and yourself.

Freewriting

the key to using this method successfully is speed; you write as quickly as you can to create constant momentum for your thoughts to keep on flowing.

Reading

to gain and share information and ideas, whether for academic, personal, or professional purposes.

Brainstorming

to provide yourself with as many choices for your topic as possible.

Antonyms

used to show contrasting ideas.

Synonyms

used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown wordSynon

Context Clues

useful when doing research or taking examinations.

Scanning

useful when doing research or taking examinations.

Situation

which a word is used can also be useful in determining the meaning of that word

Pre-Writing

which pertains to different techniques that help you discover ideas before writing the first draft of a paper.